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CPS 422 Computer Networks

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Internet

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Everyone uses it

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We want it Everywhere

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Even at our fingertips

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We even call and meet each other over the Internet

Why should TV be an exception

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World has become a global village because of the Internet So What is Internet ??? It is a collection of a very large number of inter-connected NETWORKS that connect millions of devices that can communicate with each other And why should we study networks

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What is this course about?

Introductory (first) course in computer networking Learn principles and Architecture of computer networking This is NOT a course on network building or specific usage, However Internet architecture/protocols will be studied to understand networking principles.

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What is this course about?

Goals: learn a lot (not just facts, but principles) enjoy learning Computer Networks (Not as a burden) be able to make intelligent decisions about network design, use and management be able to pick up and learn details of a particular system as you need it be able to quickly find protocol descriptions and problem solutions be able to discuss data communication systems with supervisors and co-workers on the job (and may be impress them with high sounding technical jargons)

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Course Information
Who is this course for?
o Undergrads of TE and BESE

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Prerequisites:
o Willingness to work hard (for survival in this course and ultimately in your profession)

Course materials:

o text: Data and Computer Communications By William Stallings Fifth Edition o text: Data Communications and Networking By Behrouz Forouzan, Third Edition o Other Ref books (if necessary) will be indicated during the course. o WWW readings. o Class notes

Course Information
Credit Hours: Workload:
Coursework Written assignments Announced / unannounced quizzes Midterm Exam Final exam amount as needed as needed 1 1 %age 10% 10% 30% 50%

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3+1

Missing quizzes / assignments / exam will land you into trouble. DONT MISS THEM.

Course Conduct
Networking is a Vast subject and only key concepts can be covered in the class. You are expected to read the rest from the book and other refs. Feel free to ask questions during the class about any concepts that are not clear. Material covered in the class will include some concepts from other textbooks. Please pay attention to the class discussion.

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Course Outline
Networking Overview Layered Approach to Network Architecture Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP architecture Physical Layer (Will not be covered in detail since Analog & Digital Comm has already been studied)
o Analog / Digital Communication o Transmission Media o Data Encoding o Interfacing o Multiplexing o Packet Switching / Circuit Switching

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Course Outline (Contd)

Data Link Layer
o o o o Error Detection / Correction / Control Elementary Data Link Protocols Sliding Window Protocols MAC Sub-layer
MAC Protocols (CSMA, ALOHA, WLANs etc.) IEEE 802 Standards for LANs Bridges High Speed LANs

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Course Outline (Contd)

The Network Layer
o Internetworking Concepts o Internet Addressing o ARP o IP Connectionless Datagram Delivery o Routing o IP Error and Control (ICMP) o Subnet and Subnet Extension

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Course Outline (Contd)

The Transport Layer
o o o o o Process to Process Delivery User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Congestion Control Quality of Service (QoS)

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Course Outline (Contd)

The Application Layer
o o o o Client-Server Model and the Socket Interface Domain Name System (DNS) E-mail (SMTP) and File Transfer (FTP) HTTP and the WWW

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Network Security

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Networking Overview

Data Communication
Data Communication is the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium Fundamental characteristics of data communication:
o Delivery to correct destination o Accuracy without errors o Timeliness

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Components of data communication:

o Message o Sender o Receiver o Medium o Protocol
Protocol
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 .

Sender Receiver

Message
Transmission Medium
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 .

Protocol

Simplified Communication Model

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Simplified Data Communication Model

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Direction / Timing of Data Flow

o Simplex
Direction of Data

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Monitor

o Half Duplex
Workstation

Mainframe

Workstation
Data Direction at time 1

o Full Duplex
Workstation

Data Direction at time 2

Workstation
Data Direction at all times

Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without protocol, devices may be connected but not communicating.

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Example protocols
a human protocol and a computer network protocol: Hi Hi
Got the time?

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TCP connection req. TCP connection reply.

Get http://www.mcs.edu.pk/index.htm

2:00

<file> time

Network Criteria
Performance
o e.g. transit time, response time o Depends upon media, no of users, hardware capabilities, software efficiency etc.

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Reliability
o Freq of failure o Failure recovery o Robustness in a catastrophe

Security

Network Topologies
Mesh Star Bus Ring

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Network Topologies

Mesh

Star

Bus

Ring

No of I/O ports required Ease of installation / reconfigure Link failure Availability of link BW

Mesh Topology

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A fully connected mesh network has n(n-1)/2 physical links to connect n devices Is the network in figure above a fully connected mesh ?

Star Topology

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HUB / Switch

No of I/O ports required Ease of installation / reconfigure Link failure Availability of link BW

Bus Topology
Tap Tap Tap Tap

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No of I/O ports required Ease of installation / reconfigure Link failure Availability of link BW

No of I/O ports required Ease of installation / reconfigure Link failure Availability of link BW

Ring Topology

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Network Categories
Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)
Network Categories

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LAN (Within a few buildings)

MAN (Within a city)

WAN (Across many cities)

Can you name some other Network Categories ?

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An Example Networking Configuration

Internet Standards
An Internet Standard is a thoroughly tested specification that is useful to and adhered to by those who work on the Internet. Any specification begins as an Internet Draft which is a working document (work-in-progress) with no official status and a 6-month lifetime. Upon recommendation from Internet authorities, a Draft may be published as a Request For Comment (RFC). Each RFC is edited, assigned a number and made available to all interested parties. Visit the URL

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http://www.ietf.org

Assignment # 1 (Due: Thur 27th Mar

2009) Give advantages / disadvantages of various network topologies studied. Find out and list other network categories (e.g. LAN/MAN). Give a very brief (2-3 lines) explanation of each. Find out Two Internet Drafts and Two RFCs from the Internet, Give their numbers/names, Topics and their author(s) names.

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