LPG (LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)

Liquefied petroleum gas, also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, liquid petroleum gas or simply propane or butane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas. Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are primarily propane (C3H8), primarily butane (C4H10) and, most commonly, mixes including both propane and butane, depending on the season in winter more propane, in summer more butane[citation needed]. In the United States, primarily only two grades of LPG are sold, commercial propane and HD-5. These specifications are published by the Gas Processors Association (GPA)[1] and the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM).[2] Propane/butane blends are also listed in these specifications. Propylene, butylenes and various other hydrocarbons are usually also present in small concentrations. HD-5 limits the amount of propylene that can be placed in LPG, and is utilized as an autogas specification. A powerful odorant, ethanethiol, is added so that leaks can be detected easily. The international standard is EN 589. In the United States, tetrahydrothiophene (thiophane) or amyl mercaptan are also approved odorants,[3] although neither is currently being utilized. Major suppliers of LPG in the UK include AvantiGas, Calor gas and Flogas. LPG is prepared by refining petroleum or "wet" natural gas, and is almost entirely derived from fossil fuel sources, being manufactured during the refining of petroleum (crude oil), or extracted from petroleum or natural gas streams as they emerge from the ground. It was first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling, and the first commercial products appeared in 1912. It currently provides about 3% of all energy consumed, and burns relatively cleanly with no soot and very few sulfur emissions. As it is a gas, it does not pose ground or water pollution hazards, but it can cause air pollution. LPG has a typical specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/kg compared with 42.5 MJ/kg for fuel oil and 43.5 MJ/kg for premium grade petrol (gasoline).[4] However, its energy density per volume unit of 26 MJ/L is lower than either that of petrol or fuel oil, as its liquid density is lower (about 0.50.58, compared to 0.710.77 for gasoline). As its boiling point is below room temperature, LPG will evaporate quickly at normal temperatures and pressures and is usually supplied in pressurised steel vessels. They are typically filled to between 80% and 85% of their capacity to allow for thermal expansion of the contained liquid. The ratio between the volumes of the vaporized gas and the liquefied gas varies depending on composition, pressure, and temperature, but is typically around 250:1. The pressure at which LPG becomes liquid, called its vapour pressure, likewise varies depending on composition and temperature; for example, it is approximately 220 kilopascals (32 psi) for pure butane at 20 C (68 F), and approximately 2.2 megapascals (320 psi) for pure propane at 55 C (131 F). LPG is heavier than air, unlike natural gas, and thus will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements. There are two main dangers from this. The first is a possible explosion if the mixture of LPG and air is right and if there is an ignition source. The second is suffocation due to LPG displacing air, causing a decrease in oxygen concentration. In addition, an odorant is mixed with LPG used for fuel purposes so that leaks can be detected more easily.

Large amounts of LPG can be stored in bulk cylinders and can be buried underground.

LPG Conversion - A Brief Description

This article was written to give a brief idea of what it is like to have your vehicle converted to run on LPG or Autogas, the differences you will encounter and the savings you will make on your fuel costs. The main points can be expanded by choosing the links and the rest of the website should have the answers to most of your remaining questions. Hit your browser's 'BACK' button to return to this page. More choices are available from the left bar.

An Alternative Fuel.......

Although LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas or Autogas) is a fossil fuel, it is much cheaper to buy than either Petrol or Diesel. Far less Tax is added to the pump price because it makes far less pollution. Europe and the UK Government want to encourage the use of LPG as an environmental issue. As a result we only pay 6.5p per litre fuel duty on LPG, whereas Petrol and Diesel are loaded with over 60p per litre. This gives us an alternative road fuel costing around 1.55 a gallon instead of 5 or so. The benefit of LPG, in a few words, is that it will save you half of the money you used to spend on petrol, it really is that simple. LPG is easy to find these days, there are at least 1250 stations selling it across the UK. We provide a handy glovebox size map of the whole country showing every station, its address and telephone number. That makes LPG motoring easy. For more on LPG itself read 'What is LPG?'

Gas conversion of vehicles in the UK has its roots in the Petrol shortages of World War 2. Cars, Vans and essential vehicles such as Ambulances were converted to run on ordinary Town Gas. The Gas was carried in huge bags mounted on the roof. These days, we've managed to get the size of the Tank down a little, mainly by using LPG as it takes up far less space for the amount of energy it releases. Whilst the UK returned to using Petrol when the War ended and supplies were restored, Holland and Italy weren't so lucky. They couldn't get sufficient petrol for thier needs and had to develop alternatives. This is why most LPG equipment used in UK is made and imported from both of those Countries.

The Government's current freeze on LPG road duty and the 'tax break' it gives us will last until April 2009, during which time the environmental benefit of using LPG as a road fuel must be proven. The industry is busy making sure that this happens. When it is done, more extensions to the 'tax break' will be granted. The upshot is cheap road fuel for more than the time you or I will own our next car. For the last 3 yrs, Petrol has been 2.4 times the price of LPG in our area (bought from private sites as opposed to forecourts). This means that a car giving 20 mpg on LPG is giving its owner effectively 48 miles to the gallon on a pound for pound basis. Although the savings made are still considerable (half of your petrol money) when your LPG is bought from a forecourt, we encourage you to find a local private supplier, making your savings even greater.

The Conversion

Almost every LPG Conversion done in UK is of the 'Bi - fuel' type. The vehicle will still run on Petrol and most likely retain its original petrol tank. Because petrol operation is retained, all dual fuel LPG conversions effectively give you a useful reserve fuel system. This also allows you to extend the vehicle's range quite considerably. Take a look at 'LPG conversion' for some more info. An LPG tank is added so some boot / load space might have to be be used or perhaps a spare wheel displaced. The conversion makes no difference to the safety or ordinary servicing of the vehicle or its MOT test. When your car is due for MOT you have the choice of having it tested as a

Petrol or LPG vehicle, it does not have to be tested on each fuel. LPG conversion does not harm the engine or the rest of the car in any way and actually brings great benefits of reduced wear and corrosion. You must inform your car's insurer if you have the car converted because it is a vehicle modification.

LPG PRICE IN IRAN

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