Steam Trap Selection Guide

A steam trap selection guide - Float & Thermostatic, Inverted Bucket, Bimetal Thermostatic, Impulse and Thermodynamic Disc steam traps
There are three primary categories of steam traps:

mechanical thermostatic thermodynamic

Popular traps in these categories includes the inverted bucket steam trap, the float steam trap, the thermostatic steam trap and the thermodynamic disc steam trap.Which one is preferred depends on the application. A steam trap prime missions is to remove condensate and air preventing escape of live steam from the distribution system. The steam trap must adapt to the application. A disc thermodynamic steam trap should never be used together with a modulating heat exchanger - and a floating ball steam trap is overkill for draining steam pipes. The table below can be used as a short guide for the selection of steam traps:

Operation Type of Steam Trap No or little Light Load load Normal Failure Mode

Normal Load

Heavy Load

Float & Thermostatic

Usually Usually No continuous. continuous. Continuous Closed Action May cycle. May cycle. Small May dribble Intermittent Continuous Variable Dribble Usually Dribble Action May blast at high Continuous Open pressures

Inverted Bucket

Bimetal Thermostatic

No Action

Impulse

Usually Usually continuous continuous Small with blast with blast Continuous Open Dribble at high at high loads loads

Operation Type of Steam Trap No or little Light Load load Normal Failure Mode

Normal Load

Heavy Load

Thermodynamic No Intermittent Intermittent Continuous Open Disc Action

Inverted Bucket Steam Trap

The inverted bucket is the most reliable steam trap operating principle known. The heart of its simple design is a unique leverage system that multiplies the force provided by the bucket to open the valve against pressure. Since the bucket is open at the bottom, it resists damage from water hammers, and wearing points are heavily reinforced for long life.

intermittent operation - condensate drainage is continuous, discharge is intermittent small dribble at no load, intermittent at light and normal load, continuous at full load excellent energy conservation excellent resistance to wear excellent corrosion resistance excellent resistance to hydraulic shocks vents air and CO2 at steam temperature poor ability to vent air at very low pressure fair ability to handle start up air loads excellent operation against back pressure good resistance to damage from freezing excellent ability to purge system excellent performance on very light loads immediate responsiveness to slugs of condensate excellent ability to handle dirt large comparative physical size fair ability to handle flash steam open at mechanical failure

Thermostatic Steam Traps

There are two basic designs for the thermostatic steam trap, a bimetallic and a balanced pressure design. Both designs use the difference in temperature between live steam and condensate or air to control the release of condensate and air from the steam line. In an thermostatic bimetallic trap it is common that an oil filled element expands when heated to close a valve against a seat. It may be possible to adjust the discharge temperature of the trap - often between 60oC and 100oC. This makes the thermostatic trap suited to get rid of large quantities of air and cold condensate at the start-up condition. On the other hand the thermostatic trap will have problems to adapt to the variations common in modulating heat exchangers.

intermittent operation fair energy conservation fair resistance to wear good corrosion resistance poor resistance to hydraulic shocks (good for bimetal traps) do not vent air and CO2 at steam temperature good ability to vent air at very low pressure excellent ability to handle start up air loads excellent operation against back pressure good resistance to damage from freezing good ability to purge system excellent performance on very light loads delayed responsiveness to slugs of condensate fair ability to handle dirt small comparative physical size poor ability to handle flash steam open or closed at mechanical failure depending of the construction

Float Steam Traps

In the float steam trap a valve is connected to a float in such a way that a valve opens when the float rises. The float steam trap adapts very well to varying conditions as is the best choice for modulating heat exchangers, but the float steam trap is relatively expensive and not very robust against water hammers.

continuous operation but may cycle at high pressures no action at no load, continuous at full load good energy conservation good resistance to wear good corrosion resistance poor resistance to hydraulic shocks do not vent air and CO2 at steam temperature excellent ability to vent air at very low pressure excellent ability to handle start up air loads excellent operation against back pressure poor resistance to damage from freezing fair ability to purge system excellent performance on very light loads immediate responsiveness to slugs of condensate poor ability to handle dirt large comparative physical size poor ability to handle flash steam closed at mechanical failure

Thermodynamic Disc Steam Traps

The thermodynamic trap is an robust steam trap with simple operation. The trap operates by means of the dynamic effect of flash steam as it passes through the trap.

intermittent operation poor energy conservation poor resistance to wear excellent corrosion resistance excellent resistance to hydraulic shocks do not vent air and CO2 at steam temperature not recommended at low pressure operations poor ability to handle start up air loads poor operation against back pressure good resistance to damage from freezing

excellent ability to purge system poor performance on very light loads delayed responsiveness to slugs of condensate poor ability to handle dirt small comparative physical size poor ability to handle flash steam open at mechanical failure