CONTENTS For July, 1956

ARE WE CLOSING THE DOOR? ................................................................................ FALLACIES ON THE QUESTION OF WAR AND PEACE ..................................... THE SPACE SONG OF HIAWATHA ........................................................................... COLONISTS FROM HEAVEN? ................................................................................... ABOUT TWINNING ........................................................................................................ LIVING OBJECTIVELY .................................................................................................. STEPS TO THE STARS ................................................................................................ BULLETIN BOARD ........................................................................................................

2 3 7 8 9 11 11 14

THE STAFF

EDITOR ................................................................................................... DANIEL W. FRY circulating manage ........................................................... norman druliner corresponding secretary ....................................................... rhoda mills Art work by ................................................................................. ralph huffman

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UNDERSTANDING

VOL. 1

JULY, 1956

No. 7

DEDICATED TO THE PROPAGATION OF A BETTER UNDERSTANDING AMONG ALL THE PEOPLES OF THE EARTH, AND OF THOSE WHO ARE NOT OF THE EARTH.

ARE WE CLOSING THE DOOR?

Upon several occasions the people of the United States have heard their chief executive make the categorical statement that we will never close the door to political negotiation with the government of the Soviet Union. We have heard, time and again, the statement that, while practically all of our patient negotiations in the past have come to naught, and while the Soviet officials appear to consider negotiation only as a sounding board for the dissemination of their own propaganda, nevertheless, the need to find a basis of compatibility is so urgent, and the alternative of nuclear warfare is so horrible to contemplate, that we will never cease to explore every possible avenue that might lead to a common meeting ground. Within the last few months the high officials of our government have denied, rather curtly, several requests made by officials of the Soviet Union, for meetings to discuss various phases of our international problems. The only reason which has been given to the public for denying these requests is that negotiations have been attempted before upon these points without producing any noteworthy results, that such negotiations take up the time of our diplomats and statesmen, and that they involve considerable expense. It should be pointed out, therefore, that the total cost, in man hours, and in money, of all the political negotiations which have taken place during the past ten years, would not be sufficient to pay the cost of one day of modern warfare. Those who object to negotiation upon the grounds that the Soviet officials use them as a means of broadcasting their own propaganda, appear to have overlooked the fact that there is nothing to prevent us from doing the same. Since we believe our own viewpoints to be firmly

grounded in essential truth and justice, we should have no fear of the outcome of such competition, but our refusal to negotiate upon any point at any time puts a powerful propaganda weapon into the hands of our opponents. During the past year the government of the Soviet Union has performed a number of acts which, to all outward appearances, would indicate a desire for better relations with the rest of the world. Whenever such an act is re ported by our press we are deluged with editorials reminding us of the past perfidy of the Soviet officials, and pointing out that, while the Soviets are 1 apparently extending one hand in friendship, they still hold a loaded pistol in the other. While these statements are undeniably true, yet if we refuse to extend a hand in return we run the risk of appearing before the rest of the world as a nation which is unwilling to remove either of its hands from its weapons. Theodore Roosevelt once said, "Let us speak softly, but carry a big stick." We are at present, carrying a very considerable stick, and we are constantly employing every known means to make it even larger, but we are not always speaking softly Some of the articles which have been released from Washington, and given nationwide publication during the last few months, seem almost deliberately calculated to produce a feeling of revulsion, disgust and fear, not only among our enemies, but principally among our friends. As an example we quote an article carried by the Associated Press on June 29. It was released from Washington and read, in part, as follows - "The Army calculates that several hundred million deaths would result from radioactivity if the United States ever launched a full scale nuclear assault on the Communist world. It says casualties would extend to friendly areas outside the red zone." Lt. Gen. James M. Gavin, Chief of Army research and development gave the estimate to the senate subcommittee investigating air power. He said, "Current plannings estimates run on the order of several hundred million deaths, that would be either way depending on which way the wind blew. If the wind blew to the Southeast, they would be mostly in the U.S.S.R. although they would extend into the Japanese and perhaps down into the Philippine area. If the wind blew the other way they would extend well back into Europe." This is far from speaking softly. Note that reference books estimate the total population of the U.S.S.R., including both European and Asiatic Russia as about 193 million. This means that the Army plans include not only the killing of all of the inhabitants of the U.S.S.R., but of a few millions of our friends whom we will slaughter, along with our enemies. The publication of an article of this sort is not calculated to ease the tensions and fears of the world and will certainly increase the fear in Japan, the Philippines, and Western Europe. If we complain of the great use which the Soviet government makes of propaganda, why must we continually put new weapons into their hands? 2

FALLACIES ON THE QUESTION OF WAR AND PEACE

EDITOR'S NOTE-During the past few years a considerable amount of controversy has arisen concerning the effectiveness of the organization known as The United Nations. Many persons appear to feel that it has failed in its purpose, and therefore should be disbanded. Others believe that if the organization could be given the power and authority required to put its decisions into effect, it could readily achieve the ends for which it was formed. Because this controversy is one which may well have a tremendous effect upon the future of humanity, we feel that any discussion of the subject, written by a competent person, should have a place in Understanding. We are therefore taking the liberty of reprinting an address by General Carlos P. Romulo, Philippine Ambassador to the U.S., delivered at the Tenth Anniversary United Nations dinner, October 24, 1955, under the auspices of United World Federalists.

***
Whatever the other disagreements on foreign policy may be, there is certainly complete agreement in America that peace, if it is to mean anything, must be the kind of peace that makes freedom in the world possible. If the peace provides military security alone, the peace is unreal and will not last, for military security without freedom is stagnation at best, strangulation at worst. But in order to achieve the kind of peace that says something to free men, it may be necessary to face up boldly to what I believe are the four principal fallacies of the twentieth century on the question of war and peace. The first fallacy is that superiority in armaments can protect our freedoms, give us security, and provide peace. It is a fallacy because no nation ever really knows whether it actually enjoys superiority in weapons, with respect to either their nature or their number. Indeed, no nation is so insecure or panicky as the one which suddenly becomes convinced that its supposedly military superiority is a myth and that it is at the mercy of an over-powering foe. This sudden realization that a possible enemy is militarily superior may actually be as erroneous as the earlier assumption that he is woefully inferior. In either case, the foundation of true security is weak. Now, I am not saying that because a nation never really knows whether it possesses military superiority it ought to get rid of its military establishment. 3 The surest guarantee that a shooting war will start is a situation in which one nation is open and exposed and another nation is muscled and aggressive. Where does this leave us? It leaves us, I believe, with the fact that we need armaments but that armaments are not enough. It leaves us with the need to devise a workable and enforceable method of creating peace - the kind of peace, as I said earlier, that is orchestrated for human freedom. Now we come to our second fallacy. This is the fallacy that if only the large nations could sign a treaty or make an agreement under which all would agree to disarm, the peace would be assured. This is a fallacy because disarmament by treaty or gentlemen's agreement has never worked in the past. The moment a nation became either insecure or ambitious, the moment new men came to power who had

different ideas concerning a nation's role in the world, such treaties became more than merely antique pieces. In many cases - some of them within the memory of every person in this room - the treaties became the false front behind which a nation changed its diet to blood and iron. The alternative to disarmament by treaty is not, of course, an all-out armaments race. A workable alternative does exist. The alternative is attainable. I refer to disarmament not by treaty but disarmament by law. I refer to enforceable disarmament. I refer to the kind of disarmament which is part of a fully formed and well-functioning world organization which is strong enough to inspect; strong enough to bring guilty individuals to justice - and I did say individuals; a world organization strong enough to make its decisions stick; and, finally, an organization that makes armaments unnecessary because it is able to deal with the causes of war itself. But to have power is not enough. The world organization must have as its guiding purpose and its golden goal one thing that nations cannot do without, any more than men can. I refer, of course, to justice. The third fallacy is that any of this is possible without a strong United Nations. There is no point in talking about world law outside the United Nations; there is no point in talking about enforceable disarmament outside the United Nations; there is no point in talking about world justice outside the United Nations. Either the United Nations does the job or no one does it. A single nation, by itself, may be able to break the peace - in the absence of a strong United Nations - but no single nation by itself is strong enough - in the absence of a strong United Nations - to keep the peace. 4 That is why I say it is a fallacy to suppose that the United Nations can keep the peace if it is regarded as an adjunct to the foreign policies of the big nations. The United Nations is no backseat proposition. Neither is it something you take down from a high shelf when it serves your purpose. The United Nations, if it is to do its job - which is to say, if it is to prevent aggression, serve the cause of freedom, and enforce the peace - the United Nations must have policy-making powers of its own. It cannot exist if it is to be merely a collection of separate foreign policies. On this, the tenth anniversary of the United Nations, let us resolve as individuals that the United Nations is to receive our full support. Let it be the kind of support that will look to the fullest possible development of the United Nations within the shortest possible time to do the best possible job. In particular, let us support the United Nations to the end that it will be able to resolve the armaments dilemma in the world. Weapons now exist which could upset the balance of nature and twist life out of recognizable shape. If those weapons are to be controlled, the United Nations must have the proper and responsible powers for doing it. This does not mean that all nations must surrender their weapons at once. What it does mean is that an orderly time-table can be set up which provides for the transfer of armaments to the United Nations itself,

while simultaneously the United Nations is given increased and effective powers for enforcing world peace. I believe that a police force inside the United Nations is necessary. I do not believe that this can be created overnight, any more than I believe the nations will give up their armaments over-night. But a synchronized plan under which the U.N. is able increasingly to take over the problem of world security as the individual nations gradually turn over their weapons - this seems to me to make sense. Certainly I approve President Eisenhower's goldfish bowl plan. But the President himself has emphasized that his proposal for inspection is only the beginning of a real system for control of armaments. And I believe that the President's plan would form an integral part of the kind of time-table plan I mentioned a moment ago. This brings me to the fourth fallacy that supposes that the additional powers required by the United Nations can be the result of some sort of magic wand. 5 I believe that a review conference of the United Nations is mandatory if the U.N. is to measure up to the hopes of the world's peoples. I am no defeatist about such a review conference. I do not hold with those who say that if the statesmen come together to talk about the United Nations the result will be that they will all insist on a weaker, not a stronger U.N. I do not hold with those who say that a review conference would result in a break-up of the U.N. Those who take this position apparently have little realization of the fact that the United Nations was born in the hopes of the world's peoples and will not be allowed to die because of those hopes. Indeed, it is the very insistence by the world's peoples that the United Nations be given what it needs to do the job that is our best assurance that any review conference will come to grips with the real issues. The world's peoples will not permit it to be otherwise. On the tenth anniversary of the United Nations, I salute the world federalists for their support of the U.N. I salute them especially because their kind of idealism is the only practical assurance we have that peace is attainable and that the human freedoms we cherish will survive and grow. If I have learned anything it is that pity is more intelligent than hatred, that mercy is better even than justice, that if one walks around the world with friendly eyes one makes good friends. -PHILIP GIBBS Pageant of the Year (Heinemann, Ltd.)

The vast majority of human. beings dislike and even actually dread all notions with which they are not familiar . . . Hence it comes about that at their first appearance innovators have generally been persecuted, and always derided as fools and madmen. -ALDOUS HUXLEY in Proper Studies 6

THE SPACE SONG OF HIAWATHA

Excerpts from the Space Classics - No. 45 (Hiawatha's harvest of the golden maize has been bountiful, and he yearns to share it with all who hunger. Hiawatha's grandmother, "Daughter o f the Moon, Nokomis," has learned that her tribe o f Moon-people emigrated to Venus, the Star of Evening, when the Moon dried up. Concerned for their welfare, she requests that Hiawatha take corn to them and teach them to plant it. The tribe of Hiawatha is now approaching the point of take-off for the Star of Evening:) Upward from the Big-Sea-Water, Upward from the waving cornfields, Till upon the blue of noonday Over warm and lichened ledges, Black there yawned the unfathomed Through the whortleberry bushes, midnight, Long they toiled to climb the mountain And across the black, there followed With their pouch of corn for planting, Near the Sun, the Star of Evening, With the birch canoe they carried. O'er their heads the Star of Evening! Chibiabos, the sweet singer, "Little friend," spake Hiawatha By the forest folk surrounded, To the Wolverine, "we thank you. Set the rhythm of their climbing Henceforth shall all people know you With his flute of haunting sweetness. As Pequabeek, the Sky-splitter." Sang the robin, the Opechee: Then cried he to mighty Kwasind, "Journey safely, Hiawatha!" "Kwasind, if men ever called you Sang the bluebird, the Owaissa: Strong of muscle, come and help me! When the waters rise beneath it Sprang again, till sky was shattered,

"From the first of all the harvests On the shining Star of Evening, Let some maize for birds be scattered!" So they reached the mountain summit Where the sky bent down to meet them. Like a bowl the sky arched over. Hiawatha stretched and touched it. Then from all the woodland creatures Came the Wolverine to aid him, He who first had split the heavens To let in the Summer-weather. Up he sprang, and lo! above him Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers 7

Launch my light canoe out yonder Where the shell of sky is shattered. Thrust us through into the starlight, Birch canoe and I within it! Launch us with a fling so mighty That the Earth is left behind us, Pull of Earth is far below us, So that, bearing precious kernels, I can reach the Star of Evening And the people of Nokomis." In his hands the mighty Kwasind Took the birch canoe to launch it.

At the stern knelt Hiawatha. On the bow, with tail erected, Sat the squirrel, Adjidaumo, As of old he sat and chattered. Kwasind lifted it and threw it Far into the well of darkness Breaking through the sky of noonday. First like Ishkoodah, the Comet, Flew the boat, and then much fainter Like the firefly, Wah-wah-tay-see,

Like a shard of beetle shining, Flew the birch canoe, approaching Venus with its bright cloud-ceiling While upon the mountain summit Silent stood the whole assembly, Stood the tribe of Hiawatha. And the cornfields far below them Rustled with a sigh of gladness For the harvest-time forthcoming On the shining Star of Evening.

- From "The Space-Song of Hiawatha," by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow III. Copyright, 2001, by H. W. Longfellow III. Indian Space Press, Inc., Pipestone, Minnesota. (BETTY BRIDGMAN)

COLONISTS FROM HEAVEN?

The Chinese have an ancient legend that their ancestors came from the Moon in a huge space ship. Many of the old world religions have myths and stories that man originally came from other planets and intermarried with the creatures they found on earth. Scientists have been searching for many years to discover the "Missing Link" which they hope will prove that man's physical evolution was a gradual process from beast to man. We do not expect to imprint our own opinions on your mind nor do we intend to prove beyond any doubt that our ancestors came from another planet. However, just as an exercise we would like to submit certain thoughts and ideas to your mentality for consideration. We know that in an infinite universe there are unlimited possibilities. Who can say definitely with authority that anything did not or could not occur? In the Holy Bible which is our best authority (even if you are not a church going Christian) concerning the history of man on earth, we find references to intelligences which existed prior to the creation of our planet Earth. The Seven Spirits before the Throne, the Cheribum and Seraphim, the Elohim, 8 Lucifer and his angelic hosts, are all figures of mystery. It is certainly not sacrilege to state that other worlds and other creatures existed from time immemorial and preceded homo sapiens in the path of evolution. Why is there a sudden jump from the beast-like creatures such as the Java Man, the Cro-Magnan, the Neanthredal and other brutes, to the erect, modern-type creatures we know as Homo Sapiens. Very seldom is there a sudden jump in human or animal forms. There will be a few sports or new types but they seldom endure unless there is careful and selective breeding. Where did Homo Sapiens come from if not from another world. In Genesis (Holy Bible) we are told that the Sons of God walked the earth and looked upon the daughters of men and found them fair and took them as wives. As a result of this union there began to be a great upsurge in mental and spiritual growth. But eventually the sons and daughters of such a union fell away from the teachings of their ancestors and a period of darkness resulted. This is the history of all mankind; a new impetus comes on the scene; there is a rise; gradually the movement loses its dynamic force and the backswing follows. If we will admit that we are not the first (and far from the most advanced) human beings to exist, then it will not be difficult for us to conceive of human beings from other planets wishing to explore and

colonize the infant planet Earth. It is certainly a human trait to seek newer and greener pastures. It is certainly even possible that many of the space men now in our vicinity are eager to land here, to colonize and intermarry. Certainly we can use with advantage a new upsurge of spiritual and mental force which is untainted with our mercenary, hostile and materialistic habits of thinking and behavior. What do you think? -STANLEY SPEARS

Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened. -WINSTON CHURCHILL (Copyright: Oldhams Press Ltd.) 9

ABOUT TWINNING
The following are passages from an article by Madeleine Trebous entitled "Cites Unies" or "United Towns" reprinted from the famous Abbe Pierre's Faim et Soif, La Voix des Homes. sans Voix, and translated into English: "'Give to men of good-will in all countries the opportunity of getting to know each other, the opportunity to benefit from such contacts so that they may the better master their actions.' These were the words of Jean-Marie Bressand, Frenchman and founder of `The Bilingual World' in 1951. Could he have defined more exactly the major needs. of the modern world? "Three years ago the people of Harrogate, a Yorkshire watering place, linked up with those of Luchon, France, sealing a friendship which has since grown and been proven in a thousand ways. "Like all innovations, the movement rocked traditions, conventions, and old cultural beliefs. Today many people argue that knowledge of a second language, this basic culture, is not only the concern of the intellectual elite, but is the privilege of entire peoples. Many still find it difficult to understand that the French are now `discovering' America not by means of the press and the radio, which often deform the truth about things, but through direct correspondence with their friends in Massachusetts and Kentucky; and that Coventry, St.-Etienne, and Stalingrad are in direct communication. "Following the Luchon-Harrogate experiment, some 60 French, British, Canadian, and American towns have established cultural, tourist, educational, and economic exchanges of agricultural and industrial products, exchanges of students, reciprocal visits of official delegations comprising representatives from all economic and social spheres, reciprocal loans of works of art, etc. "Tomorrow we hope to see German, Italian, Indian, and Chinese towns join in the game . . . Here are two extracts from letters recently exchanged between Arles, France, and its `twin town' York, Pennsylvania, which are worth notice.

" `We live 7,000 kilometers away from your land and yet we know you,' wrote Monsieur Rousset, Director of the Technical College in Arles. `We hope that it will be possible for us to meet each year. We want you to teach your children the French language and we promise you that our boys and girls will learn your language from the elementary school years. (Our emphasis). As soon as possible we shall have exchanges of teachers, students, and apprentices. Our homes in Arles are ready to receive you.' 10 " `Will you please tell all the Arlesians that all the people of York are their friends,' replied Dr. Victoria Lyles, Director of Elementary and Kindergarten Education in York. 'It is with such individual strands of friendship that the great tapestry of peace will be woven.' " We conclude with a quotation from Abbe Pierre, characteristically simple and practical: "Parler le langage les uns des autres est tres utile; mais si on ne parle pas en meme temps la langue du coeur a quoi cela servirait-il ? Il n'empeche que tout effort tendant a rapprocher les humains merite d'etre encourage." -FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSLETTER

LIVING OBJECTIVELY
Living objectively, we become aware of changes, both within and without. We deal, happily or otherwise with problems - with cause and effect. Life seems filled with many purposes, reached successfully or otherwise. Our premise being that we are born as man, we find ourselves subject to all or any deviations from harmony, peace, assurance, strength, wisdom, etc. Is the premise wrong, we ask ourselves, and where shall we look or turn for enlightenment. As we move on with Time, we seek in many fields and at many sources for something more satisfying than that which we have. There are many answers, for which we express our gratitude. The most satisfying come from within one's own consciousness and understanding. Truth, we learn, is never apart from us but is ever One, even as Jesus said, "I and the Father are One." -BESSIE ASSALENA

There is no freedom on earth or in any star for those who deny freedom to others. -ELBERT HUBBARD 11

STEPS TO THE STARS

CHAPTER 5 THE QUANTITY C We have seen that the factor known as the quantity C has a greater significance than is usually credited to it. It is not merely the velocity with which light and other forms of energy are propagated in a vacuum. The quantity C is a degree of energy differential. We can define it as the maximum differential which can exist between two reference points in the factor which we call matter. We can also define it as the minimum differential which can exist between a reference point in matter, and one in energy. This is only true, however, when the reference point in matter is at the same energy level as the observer. One of the postulates of the theory of relativity is that as a body of matter accelerates and approaches the velocity of light, or a kinetic energy differential equal to the quantity C with respect to a given observer, the body loses dimension in the direction of motion. If the velocity reaches the velocity of light it will appear to have lost all of its dimension in this direction. To this observer it would no longer be matter, since matter, by definition, requires three dimensions. The matter would have become energy insofar as the original observer was concerned since it would now exhibit a kinetic energy differential equal to the total energy inherent in the original matter. This statement, however, seems to produce a misconception in the minds of many students of physics. We will therefore attempt to clarify the concept by the use of a simple analogy. We will assume that we have three space ships assembled at a given point upon the surface of the earth, (or at a given point in space.) For the purpose of this analogy we will assume that the ships are capable of any desired degree of acceleration. We will dispatch two of these ships into space, flying side by side in a given direction. We will launch the remaining craft in the opposite direction in space. We have an observer upon each of the three craft and a fourth observer who remains at the point from which they departed. We will designate the ships which departed together as A and B, the ship which is moving in the opposite direction as C, and the observer at the starting point as D. When we have accelerated all three of the ships to a velocity equal to one half that of light, (with respect to their starting point) we pause to determine what changes, if any, have taken place. To the observer at the starting point D, the three ships have become slightly 12 shorter in the direction of their motion, and have gained a small amount of 'mass,' but are otherwise unchanged. The observer upon the ship C, however, discovers that while he and his own ship appear to be unchanged, the ships A and B have lost all dimension in the line of motion, because they have reached the velocity C with respect to his reference point. They have ceased ,to exist as matter and have entered the plane of energy. The two observers upon the ships A and B also note that C has ceased to exist as a material object, but when they examine themselves and each other, they find that no change whatever has occurred to them or to their ships since they are all upon exactly the same energy level and no differential exists between them. We will now accelerate all three ships to the velocity C with respect to their starting point D. At this velocity the three ships cease to exist materially insofar as the observer at D is concerned, since they have entered the plane of energy, and are also at the zero point of the curve of time with respect to him. The observer upon the ship C would note that the ships A and B were again in existence but that they were now in the negative portion of the time curve. Since this concept may prove somewhat difficult to grasp at the first attempt, it will be explained further and a simple analogy given in the chapter on Time.

The foregoing analogy also demonstrates that the term velocity has no meaning or significance except as an observed kinetic energy differential between two specified points of reference. If we examine this analogy carefully, we will find that we have demonstrated the most important aspect of the factor which we have named the quantity C. C is a constant, the only true constant in the universe, because it is the pivotal point about which the natural laws become manifest. It is the factor for which many great physicists have spent years of search, even though they had it constantly in their possession. In short, the quantity C is the measure of the radius of curvature of natural law. It is the factor which will enable us to determine precisely the degree of change in the curvature of one law which will be brought about by a specified change in the application of the others. It is the factor which will eventually tell us how to place our spacecraft in either the positive or negative portion of the gravitational curve with respect to the earth or any other planet which we may choose to visit. When we state that the quantity C is the radius of the curvature of natural law, we mean simply that if a differential of energy equal to this quantity exists between the observer and the point which he is observing, the natural 13 laws will be suspended. If the energy differential is in excess of the quantity C, the laws will appear to operate in reverse at that point. As we stated earlier, this effect will be demonstrated by a simple analogy in our discussion of the factor called time. While we have repeatedly referred to the quantity C as an energy differential, we have heretofore considered it only in terms of kinetic energy. Some may believe that it can be reached only when there is a rate of increase or decrease in the degree of spatial separation between the reference points, equal to 3x1010 centimeters per second, or in simpler terms, a velocity equal to that of light. It is necessary therefore to point out the fact that an energy differential does not necessarily manifest itself as a velocity. It can also exist as a frequency. Our present laws of physics state that the energy level upon which an electron, a photon, or other particle exists is proportionate to its frequency. The mathematical rule is E equals Fh where E is the energy, F is the frequency and h is a factor called Planck's constant. We can now see that a frequency differential which by the above formula is equal to 9x1020 ergs per gram also represents the quantity C. When such a frequency differential exists between the observer and the point which he is observing, we again find that the natural laws at the observed point reach zero value with respect to the observer. If the frequency differential exceeds this value, the action of the laws will become negative. A material object such as a spacecraft upon or near, the surface of the earth would cease to exist as matter and would enter the plane of energy insofar as the observer on earth, was concerned, but as we have previously pointed out, an observer upon or within the object, whose frequency or energy level had been raised to the same degree as that of the craft, would be unable to detect any change. We must clear our minds of the thought block produced by the assumption that the quantity C is a factor of absolute limit. We must realize that it is a limiting factor only with respect to two given reference points, and that it is perfectly possible to conceive of a series of consecutive reference points between each two of which a differential equal to the quantity C may exist. If we wish to make a new world we have the material ready. The first one was made out of chaos.

-ROBERT QUILLEN 14

BULLETIN BOARD
Dan Fry's new book, Steps to the Stars, has at last been sent to the printers. A very limited first edition is being run for the benefit of those persons who have followed Mr. Fry's writings and who are interested in the technical side of the spacecraft picture. Mr. Fry has hesitated to advertise the book widely because of the fact that it is essentially a textbook and while he has spared no effort to make it as understandable as humanly possible, yet there may be some who will feel that it requires a greater effort than they are willing to make. There is, however, a strong possibility that this book may become an item of historical interest inasmuch as it will contain all of the basic concepts necessary for the development of true spacecraft. Since the book does not contain blueprints or specific directions, the above fact may not become obvious upon the first reading, but we believe that a careful study of the explained concepts will soon open the door to understanding. Mr. Fry will personally autograph all copies which are ordered directly from him or through the organization "Understanding." If you wish to obtain a copy of this first edition it might be wise to send your order at once, since the edition will be very limited. It will be available in a paper binding at $1.50 or in a handsome and sturdy cloth binding at $2.50.

The National President of Understanding is happy to have personally presented charters to two new Units of Understanding. On June 30th a charter was presented to the Oakland, California, Unit of Understanding with Della Lee Larson elected as the President. This is a large and active group which is rapidly expanding and doing good work in the cause of world wide understanding. 15 On July 28th, a charter was presented to the Vista, California, Unit of Understanding with Martha B. Sheppard as the President. This is also a fine and enthusiastic group of members which is growing in numbers and interest. If you do not yet belong to a Unit of Understanding and would like to join, we will be glad to send you the address of a Unit in your vicinity. Remember to address all correspondence with Understanding to the new address, UNDERSTANDING, 11376 Frankmont St., El Monte, California, U.S.A.

Because of the enthusiastic response to the "Teen Age Quotes" of the last issue, we are continuing this feature of Understanding under the title of "Teen Age Page." We welcome contributions from all teenagers for the forthcoming issues.

 There is no need to strive for God When stillness holds the secret of our search. Lo here, to there, we seek throughout the world In mazes of uncertainties, while now Within the quiet Center of our Heart God waits in shining beauty our first flash Of understanding, when the mortal beggar Turns back to his Immortal Throne. -MILDRED HAYWARD (Miracle at Sea) 16

BOOKS RECOMMENDED AS AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING

ARMY OF LIGHT, BY FLORENCE DONOVAN, R.N........................................... $1.50 GREAT SAUCER CONSPIRACY, BY MAJ. DONAL KEYHOE........................... 3.50 INTO THIS WORLD AND OUT AGAIN, BY GEORGE VAN TASSEL ................. 1.50 FLYING SAUCERS AND COMMON SENSE, BY WAVENEY GIRVAN ............ 3.50 PEACE, BY FLORENCE DONOVAN, R.N. ............................................................. .50 REPORT OF UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS, BY CAPT. EDW. RUPPELT 4.50 THE SEARCH FOR BRIDEY MURPHY, BY MOREY BERNSTEIN ..................... 3.75 THE CASE FOR THE UFO, BY M.K. JESSUP...................................................... 3.50 TO MEN OF EARTH, BY DANIEL FRY ................................................................... 1.00

UNITY IN THE SPIRIT, BY COMPTESSE DE PIERREFEU ................................. 2.50 UNIVERSE AND DR. EINSTEIN, BY LINCOLN BARNET..................................... 2.75 WHITE SANDS INCIDENT, BY DANIEL FRY......................................................... 1.50 WISDOM IN PRACTISE, BY VERA STANELY ALDER........................................ 2.75

PUBLICATIONS GOLDEN LIGHT ............................................................................... DONATION BASIS LITTLE LISTENING POST ......................................................... (FOUR ISSUES) $1.00 PROCEEDINGS ............................................................................... DONATION BASIS SAUCERS..................................................................................................................... .25 TELONIC RESEARCH BULLETIN............................................................................. .50 WAUKEGAN RESEARCH GROUP .......................................................................... .50

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