ACTIVATE HOME POWER SYSTEM BY SMS

Zainal Bin Aliyusmar and Mrs Nabiah Bt Zinal

Electronic Engineering Department (JEL) Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Email: zainal_aliyusmar@yahoo.com
Abstrac-This Automatic Circuit Breaker Device project is developed to implement two parts; send the message (SMS) to the house owner when the RCCB trips (caused by lightning, short-circuit or over current) and reset the RCCB switch to the normal condition by replying the message automatically. This application is very useful for those who are often go for outstation and to avoid something worse happens in the house. The PIC microcontroller is used for controlling the movement of servo motor to pull back the lever RCCB switch when it tripped. When the RCCB switch tripped, the GSM modem will send the message to the house owner to inform that condition. Then, the house owner needs to reply the message and the PIC microcontroller will activates the servomotor to switch back the RCCB switch to the normal condition. After attracting RCCB lever and home power supply return to normal, the servo motor will reverse to allow the lever RCCB trip again when a short circuit occurs again. This project is expected to be able to avoid the problem of food in refrigerator melts and decompose and to ensure another electrical device such as home alarm system function back normally when the RCCB switch is suddenly tripped with nobody stays in the house.

The system is very easy because with SMS, a system can be controlled anywhere without having to go to that place. SMS is applications very fast growing in the world now [2]. The objective of this project is developing a system using short message services (SMS) which can be used to notify the homeowner immediately in the event of a lever switch RCCB has been trip and design a system device that can retract the RCCB lever switch after get a signal SMS from the user password to restore the home power system after blackout effects from of lightning. Scope of this project is using PIC microcontroller to control the system, GSM modem to connect with cellular network and servo motor to pull actuator lever RCCB. 2) Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the various studies that have been performed to study the important things in terms of the parameters, terms and some related methods. From this research, all sources of theory and techniques of how to carry out the project will be covered. Therefore, some criteria have been chosen to emphasize and concentrate on the ones that are very relevant to the project. The purpose of this study is to describe and gain further knowledge on topics that will be created. Apart from that it is also important to collect the necessary data and notice of the assessment. Some of the work done on the automatic ELCB includes; DEVELOPMENT OF EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH AN AUTO RE-CLOSER UNIT by Mohd Tarmizi Bin Rahim in 2010, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTO RE-CLOSER EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER (ARELCB) by Bakhtiar Bin Shahiran in 2007.
2.2

1) Introduction This project focuses reactivation of ResidualCurrent Circuit Breaker (RCCB) using the short messaging system (SMS). PIC microcontroller is used to give signal to GSM for sending SMS to the user if the lever switch RCCB is trip and users should reply SMS to activate the motor system to pull the lever switch RCCB. RCCB is a safety device used in electrical wiring installation to detect imbalance electric current in the life and neutral lines. RCCB switches normally be trip when a nearby lightning occurrence and on earth leakage current [1]. Unlike a fuse, RCCB can be activated by simply pushing back the lever and the power supply system at home will be back to normal [2]. GSM modem is a device used to make phone calls and sending text messages (SMS), which is used together micro-controller or computer. At present, the use of SMS is very widespread and not just to send a message only because SMS service is very cheap and phone signal coverage in Malaysia is very broad. Therefore, it can be used anywhere. One of the other applications that can do SMS system is a remote control system for electrical and electronic equipment.

Residual current circuit breaker (RCCB)

Residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) is an electrical device that cut power lines when detecting the current flow is not balanced between live and neutral lines. Current imbalance occurs when there is a current leakage to the earth or the effects of lightning happening nearby. This device is designed to quickly disconnect the electricity supply to prevent electric shock incident, prevent electrical damage due to overcurrent and overvoltage and can detect as little as

5-6 milliamps current differences and operating speed difference 25 milliseconds after detecting electrical current to disrupt supply. 2.3 Studies applying SMS system in the reality After the establishment of the GSM standard in 1987, the communications company had millions of customers who have been providing affordable and quality services due to competition for customers communication using a wireless communication system. SMS (Short Messaging Service) began in 1991 in Europe where digital wireless technology first introduced and the standard known as GSM. In North America, SMS was first introduced by the early founders of the phone such as BellSouth Mobility and Nextel in 1998. Today digital signal processing has made communication faster and faster. GSM is the fastest growing technologies in the world of communication. Since the communications industry has given and provides the use of wireless mobile technology, the use of mobile technology in engineering education has also increased rapidly. GSM standard used to transmit voice and data services such as SMS and mobile GPRS. SMS services have been used around the world. SMS allows users to send messages by words to other mobile user. In addition, SMS is also used in automation control systems. For example, at present, remote control devices constructed to receive / transmit data through SMS and it is used as a wireless module I / O to a part of the PLC or relay that has been programmed [3]. 2.4 GSM Modem GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. Function as a wireless modem dial-up modem. Dial-up modem sends and receives data through radio waves. GSM modem can be a serial modem device, USB or Bluetooth connection to mobile phones that can provide GSM modem capabilities. GSM modem using AT commands to communicate with them to communicate, for example read messages from SIM card memory [4]. 2.5 PIC microcontroller (PIC16F877A) PIC16F877A is a microcontroller that plays key role in regulating the overall motion of a robot or other system it is also easy to use in the program execute. It is also relatively cheap and easily available in the market when compared with other microcontrollers. PIC16F877A can be reprogrammed over and over again when you want to do another program or want to improve the system improvement. It was built with 368bit RAM and if there are variables that need to be stored temporarily, the

variable will be stored in RAM. Use of external RAM is not necessary because the RAM has been built in it. There are five input and output ports, named as Port A, B, C, D and E. each port has a different function. There are a total of 40 pins and 33 pins only just exerted as input and output ports. PIC16F877A microcontroller requires +5 V power supply on the power supply pins so that the internal circuits can be executed. 2.6 Servo Motor . A Servo is a small device that has an output shaft. This shaft can be positioned to specific angular positions by sending the servo a coded signal. As long as the coded signal exists on the input line, the servo will maintain the angular position of the shaft. As the coded signal changes, the angular position of the shaft changes. In practice, servos are used in radio controlled airplanes to position control surfaces like the elevators and rudders. They are also used in radio controlled cars, puppets, and of course, robots. 3) Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter includes the project planning part for the process flow, the planning for the hardware structure, the hardware implementation and the software implementation parts. 3.2 Project Flow Chart Each project must be made planning properly to realize. Thus the planning for this project is shown in the diagram below.

Figure 1: Project Flow Chart Figure 1 show the overall summary of the hardware flowcharts which start from RCCB trip. This trip course by lighting or short-circuit. When RCCB trip, it will detect by AC relay and give signal to PIC.

After that PIC will send the SMS via GSM modem. The user should get the message about the trip event. The user should reply that SMS with writing the correct password to active the servo motor to pull the actuator lever of RCCB. When the GSM modem gets SMS by user, PIC will analyse that SMS. If the SMS with the correct password, PIC will give the signal to servo motor to pull the actuator lever of RCCB and the home power supply back to normal and PIC will send SMS to user that home power supply back to normal. After a few second, the servo motor will turn to original position. If SMS sending by user with wrong password, the PIC will show unrecognized message and will delete that SMS.

Figure 2: block diagram circuit

Figure 2 show the block diagram for circuit GSM modem and LCD display has two way communications with PIC. AC relay and servo motor have one way communications. AC relay as an input and servo motor as an output. All device get supply form power supply circuit which have 5V output.

Figure 3: programming flow chart Figure 3 show the operation of the PIC microcontroller. The programming using MPLAB software and Hi-Tech C compiler.

3.3 Electric and Electronic Design i. PIC Microcontroller

iii. Servo motor

PIC Microcontroller is the main brain of the circuit and the diagram in figure 4 shows the input and output of the microcontroller. The microcontroller from the Microchip Company, PIC16F877A is used for processing the data and control the input and output of the circuit. A microcontroller can serve sensors and executing mechanisms of different systems by the principle of its proximity to an object of control. An input signal came from an output of RCCB hat has been detect by AC relay.

Figure 6: servo motor

Figure 4: block diagram for PIC microcontroller Figure show block diagram of PIC microcontroller. The program for the PIC16F877A microcontroller is written in C language technique by using the MPLAB IDE and compiled with Hi-Tech C compiler. The resulting object code in HEX file is loaded into the PIC16F877A via an in-circuit programming module (PICkit 2) [16]. ii. Wavecom GSM modem

Full Metal Gears Suitable for heavy duty application 2 Ball Bearings Speed (sec/60deg): 0.22/4.8V, 0.20/6.0V Torque (Kg-cm): 9.0/4.8V, 11.0/6.0V

Size (mm): 40.8x20.18x36.5 Weight (g): 55 Rotation angle: 180 degree Pulse width range: 0.582ms to 2.5ms (estimation) Able to control the position of the motor Table1: specification for C55R servo motor

It is the GSM modem used in this project. It is equipped with all parts needed to interface with PIC microcontroller.

Servo motor will be use in this project for the purpose of pulling back the circuit breaker actuator lever. Servo motor is chosen because of lower price than other type of motor, higher torque and simple to program [15]. Servos are controlled by sending them a pulse of variable width. The signal wire is used to send this pulse. The parameters for this pulse are that it has a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse, and a repetition rate. Given the rotation constraints of the servo, neutral is defined to be the position where the servo has exactly the same amount of potential rotation in the clockwise direction as it does in the counter clockwise direction. It is important to note that different servos will have different constraints on their rotation [15]. The angle is determined by the duration of a pulse that is applied to the signal wire. This is called Pulse Width Modulation. The servo expects to see a pulse every 20 ms. The length of the pulse will determine how far the motor turns. For example, a 1.5 ms pulse will make the motor turn to the 90 degree position (neutral position). However, the exact correspondence between pulse width and servo varies from one servo manufacturer to another.1.5ms is not necessarily neutral or middle position [15].

Figure 4 : Wavecom GSM modem

Figure 7: servo motor operation 4) Result and analysis 4.1 circuits

system has been control by PIC microcontroller. The problem will happen for this circuit when to turn the servo motor. The servo motor needs the high current to operate and make another device not enough power to function properly. Also happen in starting operation. When turn on the system, servo motor will turn to minimum position. This makes lot of power used by servo motor and makes another device not properly function. The user needs turn off and turn on back to make the system normal function. 4.2 Wiring diagram

Figure 8: circuit for power supply, PIC microcontroller and LCD display

Figure 11: wiring diagram for this system 4.3 Programming analysis For this system, software MPLAB IDE v8.88 with Hi-Tech C compiler v9.83 have been using for programming PIC microcontroller.

Figure 9: circuit for pushbutton, AC relay and servo motor

Figure 10: circuit for serial connection to GSM All figures above show the circuit for this system. This circuit include GSM modem get power supply from adapter 12V and have been converting to 5V using power supply circuit. The operation for this

Figure 12: library file using for this system and coding for set phone number

Figure 13: coding for initialize GSM and servo motor

Figure 17: coding for move servo motor to maximum position and minimum position 4.4 System operation

Figure 14: mode selected for standby, sending and receive message

Figure 18: active home power system by SMS Figure 18 shows the overall system consist DB board panel, socket for sensor and adapter, electronic circuit, GSM modem and servo motor.

Figure 15: coding for sending message Figure 19: RCCB condition before trip Before trip, RCCB at normal condition for supply electric for home appliance. Normally RCCB trip cause by lighting and short circuit.

Figure 16: coding for receive message password Figure 20: servo motor at minimum position

For the beginning system process, servo motor automatic will turn to minimum position to allow RCCB to trip. If rope to pull the actuator lever is tense, RCCB will have a problem to trip and can make a major problem which is can damage another

Figure 24: Trip occur at RCCB Figure 21: initialize GSM modem For starting of the process, PIC microcontroller will initialize GSM modem to make sure that the system device has connection with GSM modem to send and receive the message. If the system has connection properly, LCD display will show GSM modem ready. If not, PIC microcontroller will wait until have connection with GSM and other function such as detect current at RCCB cannot be function. Figure 25: system sending message to user after trip the RCCB

Figure 22: setting user number Figure 22 show the LCD display show number phone for system to sending SMS when trip occur. To setting user number phone to put in system, user need press button C and D together. After that press button B set number by number. C button to increase the number and button D to decrease the number. After confirm the number is correct, press button A to confirmation and go to standby mood. Figure 26: user receive SMS from system

Figure 27: user reply SMS to turn on servo motor Figure 27 show user need to reply SMS to system to turn on servo and then pull RCCB actuator lever. The user must write word RCCB ON correctly and if wrong words receive at system, the system will not recognize that message and servo motor will not function. Figure 23: system in standby mood and ready to operated

successfully. The project still needs some improvement before it becomes commercialized. 5.2 Recommendation For the recommendation, this project can be upgrade by using battery for supply the power to system. It can easy to install at home. For the circuit, GSM modem can combine with microcontroller like hand phone to make it compact, small and cheap. The casing also needs to improve for goods look easy to user to implement at house. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Pn Nabiah Binti Zinal, who inspired me to complete this project from the PSM 1 and PSM 2 with her guidance and advice through this project. Thanks you to my family, who always give me a lot of support physically and mentally until I finished this project. Special thanks to university which provide a place for me to complete this project. Lastly, thank you to all my friends who gave me some help when I have a problem on technical work even when they are busy with their project too. REFERENCE [1] Earl W. Roberts, Overcurrents and Undercurrents All
about GFCIs: Electrical Safety Advances through Electronics, Mystic Publications, Mystic CT, 1996 [2] Michael P. Ward. (September 2004). Introduction To Gsm Wireless Modems,2nd Ed, Vol 2. Manchester University. [3] Arbab Waheed Ahmad, Naeem Jan, Saeed Iqbal, Chankil Lee. (2009).Implementation of ZigBee-GSM based Home Security Monitoring and Remote Control system. Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea. [3] Bailey, David and Wright, Edwin. GSM Modem With Sim Card Inserting Demonstration, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 2003. [4] Mohamed Endi, Y.Z. Elhalwagy and Attalla hashad, Comfort UCM/GSM2 Module, Comfort, the Intelligent Home System, CA: University Science, 2010. [5] Michael P. Ward, Introduction to GSM Wireless Modems,2nd ed, vol 2. Manchester University, September 2004. [6] Vivek Sharma, Sarang Bhutada, Siddarth Shetty, Rohan Malye, Shilpa Menon Radhika Ramamoorthy, . Auto-Reset Circuit Breaker Auto Breaker, July 2005. [7] Mohd Tarmizi Bin Rahim, Development of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker With An Auto Re-Closed Unit, UTM, 2010. [8] Bakhtiar Bin Shahiran, Development of Auto Re-Closed Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (AR-ELCB), UNITEN, 2007. [9] Said A. Elshayeb, Khalid Hasnan, Azli b. Nawawi, Wireless Machine Monitoring And Control For Educational Purpose, Facult of Mech. And Manufacturing UTHM, Malaysia.2010. .[10] Dr. Bill Segars, Using AT Commands To Send and Receive SMS,Oxford (2008). [11] Ahmad Zhafri Bin Haji Abdul Gani (2008). Cell Phone Based Monitoring For Water Treatment Plants, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Bachelor Thesis. [12] Mohd Haris bin Md Afandi Vacuum Cleaner via SMS Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Bachelor thesis, 2008. [13] Syahrum Nizam bin Md Arshad Development of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker to operate automatic Reclosed Using PIC Microcontroller. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Bachelor, 2008. [14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual-current_device [15] http://www.cytron.com.my/ [16] http://www.microchip.com/

Figure 28: system receives SMS and analyzes that SMS

Figure 29: Actuator lever RCCB pull by servo motor Figure 28 and 19 show systems receives SMS with correct password and servo motor pull RCCB actuator lever to recover electricity at home. If home power system back to normal, system will send SMS to user that RCCB is turn on. 5) Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Conclusion Recent developments in GSM and microcontroller technologies have provide a wide range scope of applications such as security system for vehicle via SMS, cell phone based monitoring for water treatment plants and so on. These applications have provide a convenience way for people who using it and to solve some daily problems. This system achieves the objective of this project which is activated home power system by SMS. The system was built in a GSM modem and a PIC microcontroller circuit which will function as main brain for this system for informing the condition of the RCCB through sending SMS to user. The system will active a Servo motor to do the resetting task if there is tripping case occur. The objective and the scopes of this project have been fully achieved