Verbo to be - Presente

O Verbo "TO BE" significa, em Portugus, "SER" ou "ESTAR".

Forma afirmativa

I You He She It We You They

am are is is is are are are

Eu sou / estou Voc / est Ele / est Ela / est (Ele/ela) / est (coisas ou animais) Ns somos / estamos Vocs so / esto Eles so / esto

I'm You're He's She's It's We're You're They're

Frases de fixao: Eu estou cansado hoje Voc est atrasado! Ele meu amigo Ela est com fome Ele meu cachorro Ns estamos ocupados Vocs esto atrasados! Eles so meus amigos I am tired today (I'm) You are late! He is my friend (He's) She is hungry (She's) It is my dog (It's) We are busy (We're) You are late! (You're) They are my friends (They're)

Forma negativa
A forma negativa do presente admite duas construes diferentes

I'm You're He's She's It's We're You're They're

not not not not not not not not

--------------You aren't He isn't She isn't It isn't We aren't You aren't They aren't

Eu no sou / estou Voc no / est Ele no / est Ela no / est (Ele/ela) no / est (coisas ou animais) Ns no somos /estamos Vocs no so / esto Eles no so / esto

Frases de fixao: Eu no estou cansado hoje Voc no est atrasado! Ele no meu amigo Ela no est com fome Ele no meu cachorro Ns no estamos ocupados I'm not tired today You're not late! (You aren't) He's not my friend (He isn't) She's not hungry (She isn't) It's not my dog (It isn't) We're not busy (We aren't)

Forma interrogativa
Nas frases interrogativas, o verbo sempre inicia a frase:

Am Are Is Is Is Are Are Are

I? you? He? She? It? We? You? They?

Eu sou / estou? Voc / est? Ele / est? Ela / est? (ele/ela) / est? (coisas ou animais) Ns somos / estamos? Vocs so / esto? Eles so / esto?

Frases de fixao: Eu estou cansado hoje? Voc est atrasado? Ele meu amigo? Ela est com fome? Ele meu cachorro? Ns estamos ocupados? Vocs esto atrasados? Eles so meus amigos? Am I tired today? Are you late? Is he my friend? Is she hungry? Is it my dog? Are we busy? Are you late? Are they my friends?

Forma interrogativa-negativa
Nas frases Interrogativas-Negativas, o verbo tambm inicia a frase, mas contrado na forma negativa:

Aren't I ? Aren't you? Isn't He? Isn't She? Isn't It? Aren't We? Aren't You? Aren't They?
Frases de fixao: Eu no estou cansado hoje? Voc no est atrasado? Ele no meu amigo? Ela no est com fome? Ele no meu cachorro? Ns no estamos ocupados? Vocs no esto atrasados? Eles no so meus amigos?

Eu no sou / estou? Voc no / est? Ele no / est? Ela no / est? (ele/ela) no / est? (coisas ou animais) Ns no somos / estamos? Vocs no so / esto? Eles no so / esto?

Aren't I tired today? Aren't you late? Isn't he my friend? Isn't she hungry? Isn't it my dog? Aren't we busy? Aren't you late? Aren't they my friends?

Verbo to be Passado
Afirmativa Negativa. Interrogativa Interrogativa-Negativa

I You He She It We You They

was were was was was were were were

I wasn't You weren't He wasn't She wasn't It wasn't We weren't You weren't They weren't

Was Were Was Was Was Were Were Were

I? You? He? She? It? We? You? They?

Wasn't I? Weren't You? Wasn't He? Wasn't She? Wasn't It? Weren't We? Weren't You? Weren't They?

Frases de fixao Eu estava cansado ontem Voc no estava ocupado ontem Voc estava ocupado semana passada? Ele no era meu amigo Ela no estava l ontem? Eles estavam atrasados? Ns no estvamos com fome?

I was tired yesterday You weren't busy yesterday Were you busy last week? He wasn't my friend Wasn't she there yesterday? Were they late? Weren't we hungry?

Verbos Importantes

Em qualquer idioma, o verbo representa uma ao, portanto, importante que conheamos um bom nmero deles. Abaixo, esto alguns dos verbos mais usuais em Ingls, seguidos de exemplos de sua utilizao no Presente simples.

Abrir Chegar Comprar Escrever Esquecer Estudar Falar Fechar Ficar Gostar Ir

To Open To Arrive To Buy To Write To Forget To Study To Speak To Close To Stay To Like To Go

Lembrar Ler Levar Precisar Preferir Pretender Querer Ter Trazer Vender Vir

To Remember To Read To Take To Need To Prefer To Intend To Want To Have To Bring To Sell To Come

Frases de fixao do presente simples

Por favor, abra a janela Ele sempre chega tarde Ela quer comprar o carro? Ele gosta de escrever cartas No esquea de comprar o livro Voc no gosta de estudar? Ele no quer estudar hoje? Eles falam Ingls muito bem Voc fala Ingls, no fala? Ele fala Ingls, no fala? Por favor, feche a porta Ele no quer ficar aqui hoje Voc gosta de viajar? Ele precisa ir l hoje? Voc se lembra do meu irmo? Ela gosta de ler jornais? Ele nunca lembra de levar a chave Vocs precisam trabalhar hoje? Voc prefere ficar aqui? Ele pretende trabalhar l? Ele no quer estudar hoje Ela tem um apartamento Voc precisa trazer o livro Voc quer vender o carro? Ele vem aqui todos os dias Please, open the window He always arrives late Does she want to buy the car? He likes to write letters Don't forget to buy the book Don't you like to study? Doesnt he want to study today? They speak English very well You speak English, dont you? He speaks English, doesnt he? Please, close the door He doesn't want to stay here today Do you like to travel? Does he need to go there today? Do you remember my brother? Does she like to read newspapers? He never remembers to take the key Do you need to work today? Do you prefer to stay here? Does he intend to work there? He doesn't want to study today She has an apartment You need to bring the book Do you want to sell the car? He comes here every day

Passado simples
Na construo de frases afirmativas no passado simples, os verbos podem ser divididos em duas categorias: Regulares e Irregulares.

Verbos regulares
Possuem uma regra para a construo do passado. A grande maioria, basta acrescentar "ED" ao final

I You He She It We You They

worked worked worked worked worked worked worked worked

Eu trabalhei Voc trabalhou Ele trabalhou Ela trabalhou (Ele/ela) trabalhou (coisas ou animais) Ns trabalhamos Vocs trabalharam Eles trabalharam

Outras regras para a formao do passado de verbos regulares: 1. Verbos terminados em "E": Acrescenta-se apenas o "D". Ex: Love -> Loved Dobram a consoante final. Ex: Stop -> Stopped

2. Verbos de apenas uma slaba, terminados em consoante, precedidos de apenas uma vogal: 3. Verbos terminados em "L":

Dobram se forem precedidos de apenas uma vogal Ex: Travel -> Travelled

4. Verbos de 2 slabas terminados em uma consoante precedida de uma vogal:

Dobram somente se o acento tnico recair na ltima slaba Ex: Prefer -> Preferred , Enter -> Entered

5. Verbos terminados em "Y" precedidos de consoante

Trocam o "Y" por "IED" Ex: Study -> Studied

Verbos irregulares
No possuem nenhuma regra para serem conjugados no passado. Cada verbo tem sua prpria forma. Abaixo veja como exemplo a conjugao do verbo "GO" (ir) no passado:

I You He She It We You They

went went went went went went went went

Eu fui Voc foi Ele foi Ela foi (Ele/ela) foi (coisas ou animais) Ns fomos Vocs foram Eles foram

Abaixo alguns dos verbos irregulares mais usuais

VERBO Aprender Encontrar Beber Comprar Comear Comer Conhecer (pessoas) Conhecer (saber) Construir Cortar Dizer Dizer (a algum) Entender Escrever Esquecer Falar Fazer Ir Ler Levar Pagar Pegar Pensar (achar) Perder Ter Trazer INFINITIVO to learn to find to drink to buy to begin to eat to meet to know to build to cut to say to tell to understand to write to forget to speak to make PASSADO Learnt / learned found drank bought began ate met knew built cut said told understood wrote forgot spoke made went read took paid caught thought lost had brought

Vender Ver Vir

to go to read to take to pay to catch to think to lose to have to bring to sell to see to come

sold saw came

Forma Interrogativa
Para a construo de frases interrogativas no passado precisamos utilizar o verbo auxiliar "DID". Observe que o "DID" estando presente na frase, a mesma j se encontra no passado, e o verbo no precisa ser conjugado, ficando no presente

Did Did Did Did Did Did Did Did

.

I work ? You work? He work? She work? It work? We work? You work? They work?

Eu trabalhei? Voc trabalhou? Ele trabalhou? Ela trabalhou? (Ele/ela) trabalhou? (coisas ou animais) Ns trabalhamos? Vocs trabalharam? Eles trabalharam?

Forma negativa
Nas frases negativas, precisamos utilizar o auxiliar contrado na forma negativa:

DID I didn't You didn't He didn't She didn't It didn't We didn't You didn't They didn't work work work work work work work work

+ NOT

= DIDN'T

Eu no trabalhei Voc no trabalhou Ele no trabalhou Ela no trabalhou (Ele/ela) no trabalhou (coisas ou animais) Ns no trabalhamos Vocs no trabalharam Eles no trabalharam

Pronomes Pessoais

I You He She It We You They

Me You Him Her It Us You Them

Os pronomes pessoais so utilizados, em Ingls, para substituir, numa frase, a pessoa que est "recebendo" uma ao. Exemplos:

Ela gosta de mim Ela gosta de voc Ela gosta dele Ele gosta dela Ela gosta dele (neutro) Ela gosta de ns Ela gosta de vocs Ela gosta deles

She likes me She likes you She likes him He likes her She likes it She likes us She likes you She likes them

Ateno: Em portugus o pronome pessoal pode vir tanto antes quanto aps o verbo. Em Ingls, ele vir sempre aps o verbo. Exemplos:

Ela ligou-me ontem Ela ligou-te ontem? Ela no ligou-nos ontem

She called me yesterday Did She call you yesterday? She didn't call us yesterday

Frases de fixao Voc acredita nele? Ela no acredita em ns Eles no nos ajudaram Voc vai me ajudar? Voc conhece eles? Eles no nos conhecem Voc gostaria de conversar com ela? Ela no me deu o livro ontem Ele vai te dar o dinheiro amanh? Eu no entendo vocs Ele no me entende Voc ligou pra ele ontem? Eles no nos ligaram ontem Eu no vi eles ontem Voc vai ver ela amanh? Ela no te viu ontem Eu a convidei, mas ela no quis vir comigo Eles no querem vir conosco Do you believe him? She doesnt believe us They didnt help us Will you help me? Do you know them? They dont know us Would you like to talk to her? She didnt give me the book yesterday Will he give you the money tomorrow? I don't understand you He doesn't understand me Did you call him yesterday? They didn't call us yesterday I didn't see them yesterday Will you see her tomorrow? She didn't see you yesterday I invited her, but she didnt want to come with me They dont want to come with us

Pronomes Interrogativos
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Os pronomes interrogativos, como o nome j indica, so utilizados para fazer perguntas. A frmula bsica para a construo de frases com pronomes interrogativos a seguinte:

PRONOME INTERROGATIVO + AUXILIAR + PESSOA + VERBO + " ? " Where + do + you + live? (Onde voc mora?) Where + did + you + go? (Onde voc foi?)

Relao de pronomes interrogativos:

WHAT WHICH WHERE WHEN WHY WHOSE WHO WHOM HOW WHAT ... LIKE

Qual, o qu Qual (escolha restrita) Onde Quando Por que De quem Quem (sujeito) Quem (objeto) Como Como (descrio)

WHAT (Qual, o qu)

Qual o seu nome? O que voc faz? O que ela gosta de fazer? O que voc fez ontem? O que voc vai fazer amanh? What is your name? What do you do? What does she like to do? What did you do yesterday? What will you do tomorrow?

WHICH (Qual)
Utilizado quando, na pergunta, apresentado algum tipo de restrio ou escolha.

Qual o seu nome: Susan ou Mary? Qual deles o seu irmo?

Which is your name: Susan or Mary? Which of them is your brother?

WHERE (Onde)
Onde ela mora? Onde voc estava ontem? Onde voc gostaria de ir hoje? Onde voc foi ontem? Where does she live? Where were you yesterday? Where would you like to go today? Where did you go yesterday?

WHEN (Quando)
Quando ele foi l? Quando ela vir aqui? Quando voc pretende estudar? Quando eles estaro aqui? When did he go there? When will she come here? When do you intend to study? When will they be here?

WHY (Por qu)

Por que voc foi l ontem? Por que voc no liga para ele? Por que ela no veio aqui ontem? Por que ele no gosta de voc?
WHOSE (De quem)

Why did you go there yesterday? Why don't you call him? Why didn't she come here yesterday? Why doesn't he like you?

De quem so aqueles carros? De quem este livro?

Whose are those cars? Whose is this book?

WHO (Quem)
Utilizado como sujeito da orao

Quem aquela garota? Quem te ligou ontem? Quem vir aqui amanh?

Who is that girl? Who called you yesterday? Who will come here tomorrow?

WHOM (Quem)
Utilizado como objeto da orao Para quem voc ligou ontem? Quem voc encontrou na festa? Com quem voc foi l? Whom did you call yesterday? Whom did you meet at the party? With whom did you go there?

HOW (Como)
Como voc chegou aqui? Como est seu pai? Como ela te entende? How did you arrive here? How is your father? How does she understand you?

WHAT ... LIKE (Como)

Utilizado quando o objetivo da pergunta obter a descrio de algo Como a casa dele? Como o seu pas? Como a me dela? What is his house like? What is your country like? What is her mother like?

Resumo do verbo to be
Pronome Presente Passado Futuro Condicional

I You He She It We You They

Am Are Is Is Is Are Are Are

Was Were Was Was Was Were Were Were

Will be Would be

Resumo dos tempos simples

Tempo Auxiliar Auxiliar negativo

Presente Passado Futuro Condicional

Do Does Did Will Would

Dont Doesnt Didnt Wont Wouldnt

Resumo dos pronomes pessoais e possessivos

Pronomes Pessoais

Pronomes Possessivos

Reto

Oblquo

Reflexivo

Adjetivos

Substantivos

I You He She It We You They

Me You Him Her It Us You Them

Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves

My Your His Her Its Our Your Their

Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs