Pile Axial Behavior These guidelines are based on the assumption that piles are driven into the

dens e to very dense soil layer that is generally present throughout the Port area at elevation s approximately -80 feet to -100 feet MLLW and below. If piles are not embedded in to this layer, additional guidelines may be applicable and the geotechnical engineer sho uld provide recommendations for review and approval by the Port. 2.7.1 Pile Capacity Axial geotechnical capacity of piles shall be evaluated using the load combinati ons in Table 3-3. Guidelines for estimating axial pile capacities are provided in Founda tion and Earth Structures (Ref. 27), Recommended Procedures for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms (Ref. 5), and other appropriate documents. A minimum factor of safety of 2.0 shall be achieved on the ultimate axial capacity of pile when using the largest of the service load combinations provided in Table 3-3. In addition, piles supporting the waterside crane rail girder should have a minimum factor of safety of 1.5 on ultimate axial capacity of pile when using th e broken pile load combinations provided in Table 3-1. If long-term soil settlement is anticipated (See Section 2.5.1) above the pile t ip, the effects of downdrag on axial geotechnical and structural capacity of piles shall be evaluated. The geotechnical capacity when evaluating the effects of downdrag loa ds should be estimated by considering only the tip resistance of the pile and the s ide friction resistance below the lowest layer contributing to the downdrag. Due to the short -term nature of transient loads (loads other than dead load), the factor of safety for the downdrag load evaluation may be reduced when downdrag loads are combined with transient loads. A minimum factor of safety of 1.5 should be achieved when combi ning the downdrag with the maximum of the service load estimated using load combinati on per Table 3-3. For the earthquake load case in, an additional 10% of the design unif orm live load should be included, per Section 4.5.2. However, the factor of safety should not be less than 2.0 when downdrag loads are combined with dead loads only. The geotech nical engineer should provide the magnitude of the downdrag load and its extent along the pile to the structural engineer. An alternate approach to the evaluation of long-term settlement induced downdrag loads is to estimate the pile top settlement under the downdrag load plus service load and to design the structure to tolerate the resulting settlement. If liquefaction or seismically-induced settlement are anticipated (See Section 2 .5.2), the

ultimate pile axial geotechnical capacity under seismic conditions shall be eval uated for the effects of liquefaction and/or downdrag forces on the pile. The ultimate geo technical capacity of the pile during liquefaction should be determined on the basis of th e residual strength of the soil for those layers where the factor of safety for liquefactio n is determined to be less than or equal to 1.0. When seismically-induced settlements are predicted to occur during design earthquakes, the downdrag loads should be calcu lated, and the combination of downdrag load and service load should be determined. Only the 02/29/2012 POLB WDC Version 3.0 2-8 tip resistance of the pile and the side friction resistance below the lowest lay er contributing to the downdrag should be used in the capacity evaluation. The ulti mate axial geotechnical capacity of the pile should not be less than the combination of the seismically induced downdrag load and the maximum of the service load combinatio ns.