Commercializing CCS in the EU & Japan MHIs Flue Gas CO2 Capture Technology

12 November 2008

CONTENTS

1. MHIs Commercial Achievements 2. MHIs Long Term 10 t/d CO2 Capture Demonstration Tests from a Coal Fired Boiler 3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology 4. Phased Approach to Commercialization for Coal Application 5. Conclusions

1. MHIs Commercial Achievements

MHIs Operating Commercial CO2 Capture Plants

Malaysia
Client: Petoronas Start-up: 1999~ CO2 Source: Nat. Gas Reformer Capacity: 200 t/d Product: Urea

India
Client: IFFCO Location: Aonla Start-up: Dec 2006~ CO2 Source: Nat. Gas Reformer Capacity: 450 t/d Product: Urea
CO2 Recovery (CDR) Plant - IFFCO Aonla Unit (India)

Japan
Client: Chemical Co. Start-up: 2005~ CO2 Source: Nat. Gas Boiler Capacity: 330 t/d Product: General use
CO2 Recovery (CDR) Plant IFFCO Phulpur Unit (India)

India
Client: IFFCO Location: Phulpur Start-up: Dec 2006~ CO2 Source: Nat. Gas Reformer Capacity: 450 t/d Product: Urea

1. MHIs Commercial Achievements

MHIs Recently Awarded Commercial Projects

OTHER PROJECTS

Abu Dhabi

India

Bahrain

Pakistan

Project Status

Under Construction

Under Construction

Under Construction

Under Construction

Flue Gas Source

Nat. Gas. Reformer

Nat. Gas. Reformer

Nat. Gas. Reformer

Nat. Gas. Reformer

Expected on stream

2009

2009

2010

2010

CO2 Capture Capacity (T/D)

400

450

450

340

1. MHIs Commercial Achievements

CO2 Recovery Plant in Malaysia

Plant Outline
CO2 recovery capacity Solvent Use of CO2 Start of operation Client Location Flue gas source : : : : : : : 160T/D (200 T/D Max) KS-1 Urea production October, 1999 Petoronas Fertilizer (Kedah) Sdn Bhd Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia Stream reformer flue gas

Process Description
CO2 is recovered from flue gas of a steam reformer of on ammonia plant and delivered to CO2 compressor for urea synthesis. Recovered CO2 is used to increase urea production. The first commercial plant for flue gas CO2 recovery using this advanced technology has been operating in Malaysia since October 1999 for Urea production. Performance of the process is excellent in terms of low steam consumption, very low solvent degradation and low solvent loss.

Flue gas CO2 recovery plant (Malaysia)

1. MHIs Commercial Achievements

Commercial Project in Japan

Plant Outline Client Capacity Solvent Feed Gas Use of CO2 : : : : : A Chemical Company 283T/D (330 T/D Max) KS-1 Natural Gas and Heavy Oil Fired Boiler General Use

Process Description CO2 is recovered from a natural gas fired boiler and a heavy oil fired boiler. Flue gas is cooled and SOx is removed (when CO2 is recovered from heavy oil fired boiler) before entering CO2 absorber. CO2 is liquefied and used for dry ice, and weldings.

1. MHIs Commercial Achievements

Commercial Project in India

Plant Outline Client : Solvent : Capacity : Feed Gas : Use of CO2 : Start-up : Indian Farmers Fertilizer Co. KS-1 Solvent 450 T/D x 2 units Natural Gas and Naphtha Reformer Flue Gas Urea Production 2007

Process Description CO2 is recovered from steam reformer flue gases. CO2 is compressed and then used for urea synthesis. Flue gas is cooled and then SOx is removed before entering the CO2 absorber.
CO2 Recovery (CDR) Plant - IFFCO Aonla Unit (India)

2. MHIs long term 10 t/d CO2 capture demonstration tests from a coal fired boiler

Coal Fired Long Term Demonstration Plant

Plant Outline
Solvent : Capacity : Feed Gas : Start-up : Location : KS-1 10 T/D Coal Fired Boiler (14.1 v% CO2) July 2006 Nagasaki, Japan

Operational experiences
Increased understanding of the effects of impurities on the system (dust, SOx, NOx, etc.) Identifying and incorporating countermeasures for each impurity >6,000 hours of operation and experience Test results exceeded expectations and will facilitate scale up CO2 capture for coal fired boilers Confirms that the MHI CO2 capture process can be applied to coal fired flue gas streams

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

Process Flow for Amine Absorption

Boiler DeNOx Particulate Capture Facility FGD Stack

Flue Gas Outlet

CO2 Purity 99.9 %

Flue Gas

Treated Flue Gas CO2 Capture Compression & Dehydration

CO2 Product

ABSORBER STRIPPER (Regenerator)

C.W.

Flue Gas Cooler/Deep FGD

C.W.

Flue Gas

Pre-treated Flue gas

C.W. Steam

Reboiler

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

Features
KEPCO & MHIs proprietary Flue gas CO2 capturing Technology Hindered Amine Solvent KS-1 with the special proprietary equipment Proprietary energy efficient process Enables large scale unit by MHIs FGD experiences Advantages
9 KS-1 solvent High CO2 Loading Negligible Corrosion Negligible Solvent Degradation 9 Process Low Utility & Solvent Consumption Easy operation & Maintenance 9 Economy Minimize Operation Costs Scale of Economy by Large Scale Unit

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

Amine Reaction Mechanism

(Main Reaction)

Mono-ethanol Amine (MEA)

2 R-NH2+CO2
R-NH2 + CO2 + H2O

R-NH3++R-NH-COOR-NH3+ + HCO3-

Sterically Hindered Amine (KS-1) 2 R-NH2 + CO2 R-NH3+ + R-NH-COO-

R-NH2+CO2+H2O

R-NH3++ HCO3-

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

Large Scale CO2 Capture Plant (3000 T/D Plant)

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

MHI Heat integration ConceptBase Case)

LP Steam extraction from the LP Turbine Recovery of overhead condenser heat
LP Turbine

HP/MP Turbine Air Heater ESP Boiler

Condenser Regenerator Condenser Deaerator Boiler Feed Water Pump Boiler Feed Water Heater Reboiler

JP Patent No. 207444

Boiler Feed Water Pump

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

CO2 Recovery Plant Power Output Penalty Assessment and Heat Integration Options;
1) Base Case + 2) Recovery of Compression Heat 3) Recovery of Flue Gas Heat

Power output penalty of CO2 capture and compression without heat integration
1,200
Deep FGD

Net output improvement with heat integration

1200

Power Output Penalty decreased to 20%

1,000
CO2 Recovery Auxillary Equipment

CO2 Compressor Power Loss by LP Steam Extraction

Power Output Penalty by MHI CCCP (Base Case) 22% of Gross Output

1000

Power Output (MW)

800

800 Power Output (MW)

600

400

Net Output + Plant Auxiliary Equipment Power Consumption

600

Power Output Penalty by MHI CCCP Net Output + Plant Auxiliary Equipment Power

400

200

200

CCCP: CO2 Capture, Compression Plant

0 1,070MW (Gross) Supercritical Pulverized Coal Power Plant; Bituminus Coal Case

Without CCCP

With MHI CCCP (Base Case)

With MHI Additional CCCP + Max Heat Integration

3. MHIs CO2 Recovery Technology

Multi-Pollutant Test Plant (FGD & CO2 Capture) Absorber 1 by 1 Scale Test Facility (400 MW equivalent)
Absorber

Spray pipes Fan

32 m

Recirculation Pumps

Commercial Scale Tests Q1 2008 Extensive Liquid Distribution Tests Rectangular Absorber Panel Design

5. Conclusions

Advantages of Post Combustion CO2 Capture

Is applicable for the current, global PC fleet Offers high degree of flexibility is adaptable and cost competitive with other technologies Operation at atmospheric pressure safe and does not require exotic materials Produces highly purified CO2 important environmental consideration for transport and disposal Easy to transfer post combustion technology to developing countries simple process and configuration

Allows for future near zero emission use of fossil fuels

5. Conclusions

Need for Carbon Capture & Storage

Coal will remain a dominant fuel for electric power generation Coal with CCS technology can play an important part in CO2 mitigation Governments must continue to support CCS regulatory certainty and incentives for first stage commercial CCS plants Enhanced Oil Recovery in the short-medium term and Carbon Emission Trading in the medium-longer term can help offset costs associated with CCS