Graphic Equalizer Circuit for 10 Frequency Bands

Overview The circuit was designed to create ten different frequency bands to be handled by a single graphic equalizer to produce and maintain a predetermined area of frequencies. Terminology Graphic Equalizer a common type of equalizer considered as a highfidelity audio control which consists of a bank of sliders for cutting and boosting different frequency ranges or bands of sound and allows the user to see graphically and control individually a number of different frequency bands in a stereophonic systemTL074 low noise JFET quad operational amplifier with features such as high slew rate, latch up free operation, compensated internal frequency, low harmonic distortion, protection from output short circuit, JFET input stage with high input impedance, low offset current and input bias, low noise, and wide common-mode and differential voltage range Circuit Explanation A graphic equalizer is one of the two kinds of equalizers commonly found in radio productions which derive its name from the rough graph of a sounds altered frequency response that is formed by the slider control settings on the front faceplate of equalizer. A typical graphic equalizer consists of several audio filters/amplifiers with a specific audio range frequency. In this type of circuit, ten ICs were used with their corresponding potentiometer for the regulation of frequencies. Each connection has common components and would only differ in the capacitor values that comprise each filter. This configuration forms a 10-band octave equalizer that will operate on the center frequencies with the adjustment on both ends. The filter will not intervene if the potentiometers RV1 to RV10 have been regulated in the middle for the passing signal. At this stage, the gain is one. The slide potentiometers control the volume or gain in most graphic equalizers which is adjusted by moving a control button up or down. Proportionally, the upward sliding increases the gain and the placement of sliding potentiometers for each channel is side-by-side. The highest frequency adjustment is at the right while the lowest frequency at the left. Doing this arrangement allows the buttons to be patterned in a graphical way while representing the gain as a function of frequency for each channel. The unit will act as a filter when the sliding is done on the output side where it cuts off the area while degrading the signal of the predetermined area of frequencies. On the other hand, if the sliding is done on the input side, the unit acts as a filter for passing the signal while being amplified for the predetermined range of frequency. The circuit is connected between the preamplifier and final power amplifier and the components used in constructing this circuit are of good quality especially for the potentiometers and capacitors. Part List R1....20= 10Kohms R21....40= 1Mohms R41= 10Kohms R42= 1Kohms R43.....52= 2.2Kohms

C4= 10nF polyester C5= 47nF polyester C6= 4.7nF polyester C7= 22nF polyester C8= 2.2nF polyester

C18= 68pF polysterine C19= 360pF polysterine C20= 36pF polysterine C21= 4.7uF polyester C22-23= 33pF

R53.....62= 47Kohms R63-64-66-67= 47Kohms R65= 10Kohms R68-69= 47 ohms 1/2W RV1....10= 100Kohms lin FADER RV11= 10Kohms log. C1= 180nF polyester C2= 18nF polyester C3= 100nF polyester

C9= 12nF polyester C10= 1.2nF polyester C11= 5.6nF polyester C12= 560pF polysterine C13= 2.7nF polyester C14= 270pF polysterine C15= 1.5nF polyester C16= 150pF polysterine C17= 680pF polysterine

polysterine C24= 10uF 25V C25-26= 47uF 25V C27...32= 47nF polyester IC1...3= TL074 S1= 2X4 SW for stereo

Application The use of graphic equalizers may be found in consumer products that are commonly in middle- and high-end stereophonic sound systems. The programs for graphic equalizers are available for use in a personal computer for fine tuning of sound. They are also found as standard practice in all professional recording studios, live sound reinforcement systems, and some high fidelity systems where a graphic equalizer uses a spectrum analyzer to compensate for the room acoustics and room frequency response, with matching frequency bands. This is very essential due to the standing waves produced by the size of the room and the materials in it which causes some sound frequencies to be louder than the others. All the graphic equalizers function by dividing the frequency response range into separate frequency bands even if they come in different designs.

Band Equalizer using IC TL072 and IC NE5532

R1, R2 = 47Kohms R3, R4, R5, R12, R13 = 10Kohms R6, R7 = 3.3Kohms R8, R9 = 1.8Kohms R10 = 270ohms R11 = 22Kohms C1, C11 = 10uF 25V C2 = 33pF ceramic C3 = 2.2uF 63V MKT C4 = 47nF 63V MKT C5, C7 = 4.7nF 63V MKT C6 = 22nF 63V MKT C8 = 1.2nF 63V MKT C9, C10 = 100nF 63V MKT C12 =47uF 25V

RV1, RV2 = 100Kohms Lin. RV3 = 470Kohms Lin. IC1 = TL072, NE5532

3 Band Graphic Equalizer Circuit

Posted Jan 12, 2012 at 10:08 am

Figure 1
The circuit illustrates the use of 3 frequencies to produce a graphic equalizer that will be used for acoustic signals. Equalizer a passive or an active electronic element or circuits (like tone control) used for the reason of altering or flattening the frequency response characteristics of a system TL072 a low noise JFET input operational amplifier with features such as commonmode input voltage range, high slew rate, operation without latch up, compensated internal frequency, high input impedance at the JFET input stage, low noise, low total harmonic distortion, protected from output short circuit, low input bias and offset currents, wide common-mode and differential voltage ranges, and low power consumption NE5532 an internally compensated low noise dual operational amplifier with features such as full power bandwidth up to 140 KHz, input noise voltage of 8 nV, common mode rejection ratio, 9 V/us slew rate, high DC voltage gain, 32 V peak to peak voltage swing, wide supply voltage range from 3 V to 12 V, unity gain bandwidth at 10 MHz, and internal frequency compensation

One of the two kinds of equalizers is the graphic equalizer which originates its name from the rough graph of an audios altered frequency response which is formed by the glider settings on the front faceplate of an equalizer. The circuit pertains to a classic design by which it can regulate the tone of the acoustic signals into three different ways which includes the low, mid, and high frequencies. This is made possible by utilizing a tone control of the 3 frequencies. A graphic equalizer typically consists of several audio filters or amplifiers with a specific audio range frequency. With the slope range of 18 dB/oct, the amplification or boosting and attenuation or cutting of signals can be done. The circuit is being supplied with 15 V, but can also be supplied by a 9 V up to 30 V power source. The 0 V should be connected to the pin 4 of IC1, which will give half of the supply in the non inverting input of the IC1. Simultaneously, the pins 3 and 5 are similar which will not be connected to the ground. The tones of frequencies are being adjusted by the 100K Ohms linear potentiometer RV1 for low frequencies, RV2 for mid frequencies, and RV3 for high frequencies.

Figure 2
Graphic equalizers are widely seen commonly in middle and high end stereo sound systems and other consumer products. They are used to correct the reduced level of high frequencies in early telephone systems as well as in modern digital telephone systems and in individual channels of a mixing board, where the sound waveform is being applied with equalization. They are available for use fine tuning of sound in personal computers. But most importantly, they are used as a standard practice in live sound reinforcement systems, professional recording studios, and some high fidelity systems where a spectrum analyzer is being used by a graphic equalizer to compensate for the room frequency response and room acoustics. Although graphic equalizers come in different designs, the all function by dividing the frequency response range into separate bands
6 Band Graphic Equaliser Using 741 Op-Amp IC

With this circuit you can control and blend frequencies and tones as desired. Essentially, the circuit consists of an IC 741 whose gain at various freguencies is determined by corresponding potentiometer setting.

The audiblefrequency spectrum is covered in six steps: 50Hz, 160Hz, 500Hz, 1.6kHz, 5kHz, 16kHz. All potentiometers are of 100k linear type. The circuit provides adequate boost / cut for n ormal use. PARTS LIST R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5, VR6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 IC1

27k 470k 330k 100k 4.7k 4.7k 100k 100n (104) 33n (333) 10n (103) 3.3n (332) 1n (102) 300pF (301) 100F 16V 4.7F 16V 47F 16V 741 Op amp

power supply for the circuit can be derived from the amplifier / preamplifier itself. The wide rangeof supply voltage (6V-15V) makes the circuit very versatile. Power consumption is negligible.