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ABSTRACT
In today’s fast paced world, life has become so luxurious to the present man that
he has all the comfort right at his fingertips. Time has seen man grow in
communication has announced its arrival on the big stage and the world is going
mobile. Man wants to interact with many of the system without moving from the place.
Railway reservation, account balance checking even transferring of money from mobile
This project discusses how a simple SMS from a mobile can be used to get the
result which is stored in a server. The students have just to send his roll number and he
will get his result back through SMS. Thus automatic generation of result made possible
here.
We have used VB for the interfacing and MS access to store the database.
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Mobile Operated Result Information System
INTRODUCTION
The important aspect of this project is to get the result using mobile phone. Here
an attempt is made to get the result from the system which is connected with another
mobile phone.
In this project the student will SMS his roll number to the mobile phone which
is connected with the system where all results are stored. Then the data will resend by
the system to the same mobile through which the message was received. Thus the
student can get his result from anywhere where the network is available. This project is
very useful for the students who are away from their college and internet facility is not
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LITERATURE REVIEW
allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices.
SMS text messaging is the most widely used data application on the planet, with 2.4
billion active users, or 74% of all mobile phone subscribers sending and receiving text
messages on their phones. The SMS technology has facilitated the development and
growth of text messaging. The connection between the phenomenon of text messaging
and the underlying technology is so great that in parts of the world the term "SMS" is
used as a synonym for a text message or the act of sending a text message, even when a
SMS as used on modern handsets was originally defined as part of the GSM
(including spaces), to and from GSM mobile handsets. Since then, support for the
service has expanded to include alternative mobile standards such as ANSI CDMA
networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks. Most SMS
messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, though the standard supports other types
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Mobile Operated Result Information System
History
SMS as part of GSM
The idea of adding text messaging to the services of mobile users was latent in
The first action plan of the CEPT Group GSM approved in December 1982 requested
"The services and facilities offered in the public switched telephone networks and
public data networks ...should be available in the mobile system". This target includes
the exchange of text messages either directly between mobile stations or the
transmission via Message Handling Systems widely in use since the beginning of the
1980s.
The innovation in SMS is indicated by the word Short in Short Message Service.
But why should the message length be limited to 160 characters in a situation where a
service with an unlimited message length was available (e.g. a service using a Message
Handling System)? The GSM system is optimised for telephony, since this was
identified as its main application. The key idea for SMS was to use this telephony-
optimised system and to transport messages on the signalling paths needed to control
the telephony traffic during time periods when no signalling traffic existed. In this way
unused resources in the system could be used to transport messages without additional
cost. But it was necessary to limit the length of the messages to 128 bytes (later
improved to 160 characters), so that the messages could fit into the existing signalling
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This concept allowed implementing the SMS in every mobile station just by an
additional software routine without incremental cost per unit. Also the implementation
in the networks required just software without incremental cost. The only new network
element was a specialised Short Message Service Centre for a whole countrywide
network. It needed capacity expansions of course with growing SMS traffic. This
concept was instrumental for the implementation of SMS in every mobile station ever
produced and in every network from early days on. Hence a large base of SMS capable
terminals and networks existed when the users began to utilise the SMS.
SMS. The GSM project as a whole was indeed a multi-national collaboration at its best.
Therefore the responsibility for the SMS innovation is not with a single person but with
a network of closely cooperating persons who have created this innovation. They did
this with the supporting framework of Standard Bodies and through these organisations
made the technology freely available to the whole world. This is described and
The first proposal for SMS which initiated the development of SMS in the group
GSM was made by a contribution of Germany and France into the GSM meeting in
February 1985 in Oslo[7]. This proposal was further elaborated in GSM subgroup WP1
Germany. There were also initial discussions in the subgroup WP3 network aspects
chaired by Jan Audestad (Telenor). The result was approved by the main group GSM in
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SMS had been prepared by Friedhelm Hillebrand (German Telecom) with contributions
SMS was considered in the main GSM group as a possible service for the new
digital cellular system. In GSM document "Services and Facilities to be provided in the
GSM System", both mobile originated and mobile terminated short messages appear on
The discussions on the GSM services were then concluded in the recommendation
network to transmit a Short Message sent by a mobile phone. The message can
The material elaborated in GSM and its subgroups WP1 was handed over in
spring 1987 to a new GSM body called IDEG (the Implementation of Data and
Telematic Services Experts Group), which had its kickoff in May 1987 under the
known today was largely created by IDEG (later WP4) as the two recommendations
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GSM 03.40 (the two point-to-point services merged together) and GSM 03.41 (cell
broadcast).
WP4 created a drafting group message handling (DGMH) who was responsible
for the specification of SMS. It was chaired by Finn Trosby (Telenor). DGMH had
The first action plan mentions for the first time the Technical Specification 03.40
“Technical realisation of the Short Message Service”. Responsible editor was Finn
Trosby. The first draft of the technical specification was completed in of November
The work on the draft specification continued in the following few years, where
Kevin Holley of Cellnet (now O2) played a leading role. Besides the completion of the
main specification GSM 03.40 also the detailed protocol specifications on the system
The Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7 protocol included support for the
transport of Short Messages through the Core Network from its inception. MAP Phase 2
expanded support for SMS by introducing a separate operation code for Mobile
Terminated Short Message transport. Since Phase 2, there have been no changes to the
Short Message operation packages in MAP, although other operation packages have
From 3GPP Releases 99 and 4 onwards, CAMEL Phase 3 introduced the ability
for the Intelligent Network (IN) to control aspects of the Mobile Originated Short
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Message Service, while CAMEL Phase 4, as part of 3GPP Release 5 and onwards,
provides the IN with the ability to control the Mobile Terminated service. CAMEL
allows the gsmSCP to block the submission (MO) or delivery (MT) of Short Messages,
route messages to destinations other than that specified by the user, and perform real-
time billing for the use of the service. Prior to standardized CAMEL control of the Short
SMS was originally designed as part of GSM, but is now available on a wide
range of networks, including 3G networks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept include J-Phone's
SkyMail and NTT Docomo's Short Mail, both in Japan. E-mail messaging from phones,
as popularized by NTT Docomo's i-mode and the RIM BlackBerry, also typically use
SMS today
globally. SMS has an average global price of 0.11 USD and maintains a near 90% profit
margin.
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Technical details
GSM
recommendation 03.40.[2] GSM 03.41 defines the Short Message Service - Cell
be broadcast to all mobile users in a specified geographical area.[24] Messages are sent to
reachable, the SMSC queues the message for later retry. Some SMSCs also provide a
"forward and forget" option where transmission is tried only once. Both Mobile
Terminated (MT), for messages sent to a mobile handset, and Mobile Originating (MO),
for those that are sent from the mobile handset, operations are supported. Message
delivery is best effort, so there are no guarantees that a message will actually be
delivered to its recipient and delay or complete loss of a message is not uncommon,
GSM 03.38
x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 X8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF
0x @ £ $ ¥ è é ù ì ò Ç LF Ø ø CR Å å
1x Δ _ Φ Γ Λ Ω Π Ψ Σ Θ Ξ ESC Æ æ ß É
2x SP ! " # ¤ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x ¡ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V WX Y Z Ä Ö Ñ Ü §
6x ¿ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö ñ ü à
1B 0x FF
1B 1x ^
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1B 2x { } \
1B 3x [ ~ ]
1B 4x |
1B 5x
1B 6x €
1B 7x
SMS gateway providers facilitate the SMS traffic between businesses and
SMS for enterprises, content delivery and entertainment services involving SMS, e.g.
TV voting. Considering SMS messaging performance and cost, as well as the level of
providers.
exchange 2-way SMS traffic into and out of the operator’s SMS platform (Short
Message Service Centre – SMS-C), also known as local termination model. Aggregators
lack direct access into the SS7 protocol, which is the protocol where the SMS messages
are exchanged. SMS messages are delivered in the operator’s SMS-C, but not the
subscriber’s handset, the SMS-C takes care of further handling of the message through
SMS messages, also known as international termination model. The advantage of this
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model is the ability to route data directly through SS7, which gives the provider total
control and visibility of the complete path during the SMS routing. This means SMS
messages can be sent directly to and from recipients without having to go through the
SMS-Centres of other mobile operators. Therefore, it’s possible to avoid delays and
message losses, offering full delivery guarantees of messages and optimised routing.
This model is particularly efficient when used in mission-critical messaging and SMS
Message Service Centres communicate with the Public Land Mobile Network
Centre, and may be destined for mobile users, subscribers on a fixed network, or Value-
terminated messages are transported from the Service Centre to the destination handset,
and may originate from mobile users, from fixed network subscribers, or from other
subscriber's phone using E-Mail. AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint, Verizon Wireless offer the
ability to do this through their websites' mail servers. For example an AT&T subscriber
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subject to the normal length limit. Primus Canada is one carrier that lacks this feature.
Text enabled fixed-line handsets are required to receive messages in text format.
conversion.
Short messages can also be used to send binary content such as ringtones or
logos, as well as Over-the-air programming (OTA) or configuration data. Such uses are
a vendor-specific extension of the GSM specification and there are multiple competing
standards, although Nokia's Smart Messaging is by far the most common. An alternative
way for sending such binary content is EMS messaging which is standardised and not
dependent on vendors.
Today, SMS is also used for M2M (Machine to Machine) communication. For
instance, there is an LED display machine controlled by SMS, and some vehicle
tracking companies use SMS for their data transport or telemetry needs. SMS usage for
these purposes are slowly being superseded by GPRS services due to their lower overall
costs.
AT commands
Many mobile and satellite transceiver units support the sending and receiving of
SMS using an extended version of the Hayes command set. The connection between the
Terminal Equipment and the transceiver can be realized with a serial cable (i.e. USB), a
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However, not all modern devices support receiving of messages if the message
storage, for instance the device's internal memory, is not accessible using AT
commands.
Just when we're finally used to seeing everybody constantly talking on their cell
phones, it suddenly seems like no one is talking at all. Instead, they're typing away on
tiny numerical pads, using their cell phones to send quick messages. SMS, or text
messaging, has replaced talking on the phone for a new "thumb generation" of texters.
communication that sends text between cell phones, or from a PC or handheld to a cell
phone. The "short" part refers to the maximum size of the text messages: 160 characters
(letters, numbers or symbols in the Latin alphabet). For other alphabets, such as
But how do SMS messages actually get to your phone? If you have read How
Even if you are not talking on your cell phone, your phone is constantly sending
and receiving information. It is talking to its cell phone tower over a pathway called a
control channel. The reason for this chatter is so that the cell phone system knows
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which cell your phone is in, and so that your phone can change cells as you move
around. Every so often, your phone and the tower will exchange a packet of data that
Your phone also uses the control channel for call setup. When someone tries to
call you, the tower sends your phone a message over the control channel that tells your
phone to play its ringtone. The tower also gives your phone a pair of voice channel
The control channel also provides the pathway for SMS messages. When a
friend sends you an SMS message, the message flows through the SMSC, then to the
tower, and the tower sends the message to your phone as a little packet of data on the
control channel. In the same way, when you send a message, your phone sends it to the
tower on the control channel and it goes from the tower to the SMSC and from there to
its destination.
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The actual data format for the message includes things like the length of the
message, a time stamp, the destination phone number, the format, etc. For a complete
SMS was designed to deliver short bursts of data such as numerical pages. To
avoid overloading the system with more than the standard forward-and-response
But the 160-character limit is not absolute. Length limitations may vary
depending on the network, phone model and wireless carrier. Some phones don't allow
you to keep typing once the 160-character limit is reached. You must send your message
before continuing. However, some services will automatically break any message you
send into chunks of 160 characters or less. So, you can type and send a long message,
Visual Basic for Application provides an opportunity to learn single language and use
Office, Microsoft Visual Basic for Application is also remember of Visual Basic Family
of languages, which include new Visual Basic Scripting Edition for Internet Browsers
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in several application Within The Microsoft Office family. It comprises the Microsoft
environment (IDE) with full - featured editor ,debugger ,and OLE Object browser.
Extensive context-sensitive help is available for both Microsoft Visual basic for
applications Languages syntax and OLE objects such as automation objects and OLE
Controls (OCX's).
Support for numerous data types including arrays, Boolean, integer, floating point,
Support for referencing OLE object and calling DLLs. Support for named
arguments.
Microsoft Visual Basic include the entire Microsoft Visual Basic for Application
feature set and extends it further. Both tools share the same language engine, but
Microsoft Visual Basic provides a superset of the Microsoft Visual Basic for
Microsoft Visual Basic includes many of the Microsoft Visual Basic for
application IDE element, including the debugger and object browser, and can also
integrate with additional third-party tools such as version control and test utilities.
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Developers using Microsoft Visual Basic for application can integrate OLE object
Microsoft Visual Basic developers can integrate, create, and distribute OLE object
Developers can write code that can be reused across all the application that
include Microsoft Visual Basic for application .Developers who want to write
portable Microsoft Visual Basic for application code must account for the slight
discussed previously.
Developers should also fully declare all object references in their Microsoft Visual
Basic for application code. Fully declaring an object reference means there is-no
ambiguity about which object the Microsoft Visual Basic for application code
refers to. Developers can fully declare an object reference by using both the
library (application) name and the object name of the object in the form:
features that make a language truly object oriented and reference it with latest in
database technology.
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Visual basic provides with complete design. Visual basic 6.O begins to the
of simplify rapid application development. The visual part refers to the method used to
create the graphical user interface (UGI). Rather than writing numerous lines of code
describe the appearance and location of interface element, you can simply drag and drop
pre-built object into place on screen, if you have used a drawing program such as paint,
you already have most of the skills necessary to create and effective user interface.
proverb "a picture is worth a thousand words" hasn't lost it truth to most computer user.
Instead of cryptic C prompt that DOS user have long screen. You are presented eight
desktop field icons and with program that use and manus. Visual basic provides an
excellent platform for rapid application development. Using Visual basic you can
quickly create solution for most business needs, from simply to complex. Some of the
basic 6.O
Multiple supports.
Weather your goal is to create a small utility for yourself or you work group, a
large enterprise-wide system or even distributed application spanning the goals via the
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Data access feature allows you to create database, front-end application, and
scalable serve-side component for most database formats. Including Microsoft SQL
application such as Microsoft word processor, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and other
windows application. You can even automate application object created using the
across the Internet from with your application or to create Internet server.
As on data Visual basic 6.O is providing to the most powerful and flexible way
The following key points make Visual basic an excellent development tools :
Visual basic application are event driven: event driven means the user is in
control of the application. The user generates a stream of events each time
he/she clicks with mouse or press the key on the keyboard. The Visual basic
application respond to those events through the code written and attached to
those events.
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Visual basic support the principle of object-oriented designs: this means that one
capabilities to wrap all aspects of functionality and user interface into a single
entry.
TERMINOLOGY
Forms and controls are the basic building blocks used to create the interface.
Forms and object that expose properties, which define their appearance, method that
define their behavior, and events, which define their introduction with the user.
Controls are object that are contained within form object, each type of control
has its won set of properties, method and event that make it suitable for a particular
purpose. Some of the control is the best suited for entering or displaying text. Other
application was part of code. There are three broad categories of control in Visual basic:
Active controls, which exits as separate files with a OCX file name extension.
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Visual basic form and controls are objects, which expose their own properties,
methods and events. Properties can be through of as an object's attributes, methods as its
Data access feature can be sued to create database and front end application for
most popular database formats, including Microsoft access and other enterprise
level database.
Active X technologies allow the user to use the functionality provided by other
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Controls
Following are the various controls of the visual basic IDE using in graphical
Text Box
Text1
The text box are exactly what their name implies .Box like control in which you
can entered text. The text box is use to access data from user for the system required.
Text box can multilane ,have scrollbar, can have read only , can be color & can be
bound to database.
Command Button
Command1
The plane button you see every where in VB application. They are rectangular,
gray button with different user define caption. Command button is one of the most user
Drag this control on the form the coding for the command button. It can perform
Label
Label1
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Label control is used to display text that don't want the user to change directly
.As the name implies, you can you this control to give label to that control which does
not have there one caption. eg. You can give label to text box ENTER NAME in front of
the text box. The label can have different color, style, fore color, font etc.
Frames
Check1 Command1
Option1
Frame control is use to tight the control together in to a recognizable group. This
control is appear like a box with a label at upper left. You can make the control a group
You can take any control on the frame control and make a separate group
control.
Connection
Database Name
Record Source
Name of the database table with which the data control has to connected.
For viewing the data textbox or label box has to bound to the data control For
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Data Source
In this, give the name of data control to which text box has to connect.
Data Field
In this property, give the name of column which is bounding to the text box.
Option Button
Option buttons or radio buttons appear in the groups and the user can chose only
one of them. The option buttons main property is checked and it is true if the control is
checked and false otherwise. The option button is toggle every time it is checked it
changes status.
To fill the control with the data in a record set, all you have to do is to set its date
control the grid is filled with the rows of the record set because of the two dimensional
arrangement of data on the control. You can really see the structure and contents of the
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INTRODUCTION TO MS-ACCESS
use to store and manipulate large information and automate repetitive task, such as
Data in Access is organized in the form of table. Within a table, record are
arranged according to a common reference value, known as the primary key or the key
field. The value in the key field is different for every record and thus helps in uniquely
identifying records.
A combination to two or more field can also be used as the primary key, such a
combination is called a composite key. Since a value in one table can be replication
across other tables, there should be a way to maintain a relation is implemented through
The Microsoft access is a much versatile database which allows link to related
other databases because it has several powerful connectivity features. Access can
directly work with data from other sources, including many popular PC database
application can be either a client or a server for all the office application including
Microsoft's operating system. This helps you build an application easily, and quickly
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whatever may be the data source. In fact, you can build a simple application by defining
forms and report based on your data and linking them with some visual basic statement;
Access uses Visual basic, you can use the same set of skills with other application.
FEATURES OF ACCESS
Access is a multi feature DBMS that can be used by both beginners and those
who have previous DBMS experience some of the key features of access are:
windows NT. You can cut, copy and paste data from any windows application.
Access maintain a single disk file for a database and all its associated objects.
The maximum size of this file can be 1 GB. Access allows a maximum of 32,768 table
and any other DBMS like FoxPro. Therefore, the maximum size of table and objects is
limited only by the amount of storage space that the user have. Access a powerful
DBMS capable of handling large volumes of data, spread across several database and
users.
Access lets you import from or export to FoxPro, Excel, Oracle and other data
formats. Importing creates an Access table; exporting an Access table created a file in
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the format that you are exporting to. Linking means that you can use external data
without creating an Access table. You can link to FoxPro, Excel and ASCII data.
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Flow chart
Receive SMS
Whether the No
roll No. is End
correct
Yes
Search database
AT Commands Description
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product SW version, HW version is optional. Note that in the case of a product with TA
and ME in the same physical entity, the response of the command +GMR is identical.
Syntax:
This command selects the procedure how the receiving of new messages from the
network is indicated to the DTE. For a detailed description of the syntax of indication
responses.
Syntax:
<ds>, <bfr>.
This command tells the TA, which input and output format of messages to use.
<mode> indicates the format of messages used with send, list, read and write commands
and unsolicited result codes resulting from received messages. Mode can be either PDU
mode (entire TP data units used) or text mode (headers and body of the messages given
as separate parameters). Text mode uses the value of parameter <chset> specified by
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command Select TE Character Set +CSCS to inform the character set to be used in the
Syntax:
<mr> is returned to the DTE on successful message delivery. Sending can be cancelled
by using the <ESC> character. <ctrl-Z> must be used to indicate the ending of the
message body. Values can be used to identify message upon unsolicited delivery status
report result code. If sending fails in a network or an ME error, final result code +CMS
Syntax:
Response when text mode (+CMGF=1) and sending ok: +CMGS: <mr>[,<scts>]
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Forms Designed
Welcome Form
This is the first form appears on the screen when we execute the program.
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Login Form
This is an authentication form where we have to input the username and correct
password. Wrong password will generate the message for trying again. Valid password
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This is the third form appear on the screen as we successfully login from
previous form. Here two buttons are available for students information system and
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This form displays the student record. The record contains roll number of
student, his name, address, contact number, marks obtained and result. The new
students can be added here, delete any student or search record facilities are given on
this form.
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The new student entry can be made using this form. The input feed in this form
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This form appears when we send any message to computer. The message,
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ADVANTAGES
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APPLICATIONS
1. Universities
2. Private institutions
3. Insurance companies
4. Banks
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LIMITATIONS
1. The students must send SMS from the mobile which having Reliance
network.
2. Some times it takes too time to receive the message due to network problem.
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FUTURE SCOPE
Presently the software has prepared for getting the SMS from only reliance
network, but this can be modified for all another networks too. Similarly, the program
can be made executable with USB port. These modifications can improve the program
efficiency.
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CONCLUSION
tested software and obtained positive results. This is altogether in working integrated in
Information System”.
It is the software specially designed for getting the result. It covers information
of result of students with their marks. If this software is implemented in any institution,
no manual work is needed which is very tedious and time consuming process.
If all these records are maintained manually it needs so many registers at the
same time students have to visit the college or access internet to know their result. But
due to this software, students are able to get their result from anywhere where the
mobile network is available. The records in highly designated fashion with addition of
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REFERENCES
- Steven Holzner
- Edvard Willet
- Michael R. Irvin
5. www.microsoft.com
6. www.nokia.com
7. www.wikipedia.org
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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................3
History...........................................................................................................................4
SMS as part of GSM..................................................................................................4
Text messaging outside GSM....................................................................................8
SMS today.................................................................................................................8
Technical details............................................................................................................9
GSM..........................................................................................................................9
SMS Gateway providers..........................................................................................10
Interconnectivity with other networks.....................................................................11
AT commands..........................................................................................................12
ABOUT VISUAL BASIC...........................................................................................15
WHY VISUAL BASIC?..............................................................................................17
ADVANTAGES OF VISUAL BASIC........................................................................19
TERMINOLOGY........................................................................................................20
VISUAL BASIC TOOLS............................................................................................21
INTRODUCTION TO MS-ACCESS.........................................................................25
Features of access........................................................................................................26
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................28
ADVANTAGES...............................................................................................................37
APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................38
LIMITATIONS................................................................................................................39
FUTURE SCOPE............................................................................................................40
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................41
REFERENCES................................................................................................................42
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