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Project report on

RFID Based Attendance System

Department of Electronics and Communication, Faculty of Technology, D.D.U., Nadiad. March 2013

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM by MAJITHIA SMIT [ID:106041] and VAKAWALA NISHAL [ID:]is bona fide work carried out by her during the VI semester of her under graduate course in the Electronics & Communication Engineering under my guidance and supervision.

Prof. Dipak K. Rabari Project Supervisor Dept. of Electronics & Communication, DDU, Nadiad.

Dr. Nikhil J. Kothari Head of Department Dept. of Electronics & Communication, DDU, Nadiad.

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project titled RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM by MEHTA SOHIL[ID:106048] is bona fide work carried out by her during the VI semester of her under graduate course in the Electronics & Communication Engineering under my guidance and supervision.

Prof. Mitesh J. Limachiya Project Supervisor Dept. of Electronics & Communication, DDU, Nadiad.

Dr. Nikhil J. Kothari Head of Department Dept. of Electronics & Communication, DDU, Nadiad.

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INDEX
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

1.1 OVERVIEW ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.3 DESCRIPTIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CHAPTER 2 COMPONENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

2.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS___________________________________________________________8 CHAPTER 3 INTERFACING RFID READER MODEM --------------------------------------------------- 11

3.1 ACCESSING MODULE BY COMMAND (CMD) PROMPT -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 3.2READING CODE WITHIN THE RFID MODULE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 CHAPTER 4 FLOWCHART AND CIRCUIT -------------------------------------------------------------- 12

4.1 FLOWCHART ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 4.2 CIRCUIT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 TROUBLESHOOTING ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 APPLICATION AND FUTURE EXTENSIONS ------------------------------------------- 14

6.1 APPLICATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 6.2 FUTURE EXTENSIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16

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Chapter 1
1.1 Overview

Introduction

Traditionally the attendance at an establishment is usually done in a book register. It is time consuming. It is very difficult to verify the attendance over long periods. This method is very time consuming and very difficult to verify the attendance over a week or above. Keeping attendance registers is space consuming. Here chances of doing malpractice in marking attendance are high. RFID based attendance system uses RFID tags for each person. A person marks the attendance by swiping the tag near RFID reader module. The attendance is temporarily saved in the EEPROM. At any time the circuit can be connected to a computer and the attendance is moved from EEPROM to a text file in computer. It has following advantages. (1) Simplicity and reliability, (2) Saving attendance in a computer allows easy verification and longer record keeping. It works on radio frequency transmitters and receivers. Each person is given a RF ID card which is having a unique code. When it is swiped on a RF ID card reader, it reads the code and is stored. The attendance is temporarily saved in the EEPROM. At any time the circuit can be connected to a computer and the attendance is moved from EEPROM to a text file in computer. The advantage of this system is simplicity and reliability. Saving attendance in a computer allows easy verification and longer record keeping.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is an identification system that uses radio waves to retrieve data from a device called a tag or transponder. RFID is an area of automatic identification that has quietly been gaining momentum in recent years and is now being seen as a radical means of enhancing data handling processes, complimentary in many ways to other data capture technologies such bar coding. The object of any RFID system is to carry data in suitable transponders, generally known as tags, and to retrieve data, by machinereadable means, at a suitable time and place to satisfy particular application needs. Data within a tag may provide identification for an item in manufacture, goods in transit, a location, and the identity of a vehicle, an animal or individual.

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RFID Based Attendance System project users Radio frequency for developing this application. This system users scanning antenna and a transceiver. An RFID reader/writer contains a scanning antenna and a transceiver. It uses the scanning antenna to send out radio frequency signals in a relative short range. The radio frequency sent out is used to communicate and power tags (also known as transponders) that are within range, which will then transmit the data on the tag back to the reader. The scanning antenna then picks up the information sent out by the tag. The data is then interpreted and decoded by the transceiver. Our RFID based Attendance Monitoring System is a micro controller based compact unit to monitor the employees attendance through proximity acc ess ID cards (RFID - Radio Frequency Identification). This card can be designed to hold all employee details including Name of the Company and Address, Hologram, Employee name, ID number, Photo Images, position, Department, Qualification, Date Of Joining, and more. Attendance monitoring is very simple. This System assigns a unique card number for each employee. An employee places the RFID card within 5cm distance from the RFID Reader. The Interface software is responsible for attendance record data processing and it produces attendance reports in required format. Attendance processing (Interface) software can also be integrated with the payroll software for salary calculation and employee tracking. Manual entry is also possible.

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1.2 Block Diagram

The block diagram is as shown above. Here the Microcontroller fetches the data from the RFID Module and matches each bit from the valid bit in the ROM. And test the Student ID is valid for the attendance or not.

1.3 Description
1. RFID Based Attendance system 2. As student come along the RFID tag and just move over the RFID Module, RFID Module gets the 12 bit code from the RFID Tag 3. Then RFID Module transfer that detected 12 bit code to Microcontroller. 4. Microcontroller fetches the data from the RFID Module and matches each bit from the valid bit in the ROM. 5. If the Students RFID Tag code is match with the same in the Microcontroller than it add in the count and wait for the new tag. 6. If the code doesnt match with the tag code in the ROM then it will display Invalid tag 7. Thus that invalid user tag will not count 8. Now when the Concerned Faculty scans his Tag then the Microcontroller displays the total attendance of his class.
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Chapter 2
2.1 Components Used in the Project
o Microcontroller (AT89C51) o RFID Reader Module o Crystal (11.0592 MHZ) o Capacitors, Resistors

Components

2.2 Description of Components

2.2.1 AT89C51 Microcontroller The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro-grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and costeffective solution to many, embedded control applications. The AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port.

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The following are some of the capabilities of 8051 microcontroller. Internal ROM and RAM I/O ports with programmable pins Timers and counters Serial data communication The 8051 architecture consists of these specific features: 16 bit PC &data pointer (DPTR) 8 bit program status word (PSW) 8 bit stack pointer (SP) Internal ROM 4k Internal RAM of 128 bytes. 4 register banks, each containing 8 registers 80 bits of general purpose data memory 32 input/output pins arranged as four 8 bit Ports: P0-P3 Two 16 bit timer/counters: T0-T1 Two external and three internal interrupt sources

2.2.2 RFID Reader [RKI-1513]

The RFID reader sends a pulse of radio energy to the tag and listens for the tags response. The tag detects this energy and sends back a response that contains the tags serial number and possibly other information as well. In simple RFID systems, the readers pulse of energy functioned as an on -off switch; in more sophisticated systems, the readers RF signal can contain commands to the tag, instructions to read or write memory that the tag contains, and even passwords. Historically, RFID reader were designed to read only a particular king of tag,but socalled multimode readers that can read many different kinds of tags are becoming increasingly popular.RFID readers are usually on, continually transmitting radio energy and awaiting any tags that enter their field of operation. However, for some applications, this is unnecessary and could be undesirable in battery-powered devices that need to conserve energy. Thus, It is possible to configure an RFID reader so that it sends the radio pulse only in response to an external event. For example, most electronic toll collection systems have the reader constantly powered up so that every passing car will be recorded. On the other hand,
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RFID scanners used in veterinarians offices are frequently equipped with triggers and power up the only when the trigger is pulled. Like the tag themselves, RFID readers come in many size. The largest readers might consist of a desktop personal computer with a special card through shielded cable. Such A reader would typically have a network connection as well so that it could report tags that it reads to other computers. The smallest readers are the size of a postage stamp and are designed to be embedded in mobile telephones This module is designed to directly connect RFID reader via computer USB port. It gives USB/UART/Wiegand26 output. It contains a RFID Reader Module of 125KHz onboard. Features USB Cable and 1X RFID Clamshell TAG included in Package Connects to computer via virtual serial port created through USB UART and Wiegand26 output Buzzer and LED to indicate detection Protection for multiple detection Wiegand26 selection jumper (1-2 Serial, 2-3 Wiegand26)4

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Chapter 3

Interfacing RFID Reader Module

3.1 Accessing module by command (cmd) prompt

Command prompt is a tool which comes with Microsoft windows and it can be used to interface the com port with the RFID module or any other pheripharal.It is a kind of Simulator. To start the command prompt: Start Command Prompt

3.2 Reading the code within RFID module of RFID tag in prompt window
o Connect the RFID Module with desired COM port o Here in the connection there are two pin out for Serial commutation o TX o RX o Enter the code for the COM access in command prompt o Switch on the supply of the module o Then put the tag and then by the serial communication the serial data is being transferred to the computer through COM port and the window display the 12 bit code of the RFID tag in the prompt window

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Chapter 4
4.1 Flowchart:

Flowchart and Circuit

ADVANCE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING LOW FREQUNCY RFID:FLOW CHART:-

TAG

RFID RECEIVER
NO
SCANNING TAG

FACULTY`S TAG
LCD: ATTENDANCE 2 PRESENT 1 ABSENT

LCD: INVALID TAG LCD: ID NO. 101132

RFID RECEIVER

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4.2 Circuit Diagram

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Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

- First face problem to retrieve code from RFID module o As here the content of RFID Tag is important criteria because as it has the unique code in it so firstly we face the code retrieval from the RFID module of Tag . - The solution of the above problem got when we saw that we use the different crystal oscillator as per the baud rate we assign in the code - The second problem occur during the LCD initialization this problem is being occurred due to not using the pull resister while using the port0 of microcontroller .

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Chapter 6
6.1 Application

Application and Future Extensions

This project can be used to take the attendance of the student and the database could be maintain.

6.2 Future Extensions

The future expansion will be by using the GSM Module we can message the attendance report to the concerned faculty when he/she leaves the class and so it make more mobile and effective the project is. The other future expansion is if we make the proper GUI for the Attendance system using the visual studio or MATLAB then we make the record of it according to the time and maintain the attendance system more fruitful then just display on the screen.

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Chapter 7
Books:
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems

Bibliography

By Muhammad Ali Mazidi Janice Gillispie Mazidi Rolin D. McKinlay

Web:
www.datasheetarchive.com www.alldatasheet.com www.engineersgarage.com www.wikipedia.com

Reference Manuals:
ROBOKITS USB RFID Reader [RKI-1513]

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