CHAPTER1

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human resource management is the most important resource of an organization in which the people who work. It consists of those activities designed to provide. Motivate and coordinate the human resources of an organization. To meet the challenges and competitive atmosphere of todays business environment, managers must recognize the potential of human resource and then acquire, develop and retain these resources. This forms the basis of human resources management (HRM). Human resource management is the management of various activities that are designed to enhance the effectiveness of the manpower in an organization in the achievements of organizational goals. Acquiring skilled, talented and motivated employees is an important part of human resource management. Human Resource Management is said as the total knowledge, skills, creative abilities, talents and aptitudes of an organizations workforce, as well as the value, attitude and beliefs of the individuals involved. It is also regarded as human factor, human asset and human capital. Human Resource Management forms a crucial function in organizations of all sizes. Traditionally, HRM departments had a relatively small role to play in the organizations overall mission and plans. They developed staffing plans, handled complaints, determined benefits and compensation and conducted performance appraisal programs. Today HRM departments are playing a more strategic role in charting the course of their firms. Changes in the environment, such as

increasing costs. Changing demographics, rapid technological changes and the need for new skills have created a strategic need for HRM expertise. These changes have led to the acknowledgment that human resource need careful attention and are vital to the success of any business. MEANING OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:Human Resource Management means employing people, developing their resources, utilizing, maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirements.

It is a responsibility of all those who manages people as well as being a description of the work of those who are employed as specialist. It is that part of management which is concerned with people at work and with their relationship within an enterprise. Human Resource Management can be defined as managing the functions of employing, developing and compensating human resource resulting in creating and developing of human relations with a view to contribute proportionately to the organizational, individual and social goals.

Definitions: Michael J. Jucius defined as. the field of management which has to do with planning, organizing, directing and controlling the functions of procuring, developing, maintaining and utilizing. Earnest Dale defined, as. The human resource management is the process of getting things done through people. Edwin B. Flippo defined as...Personnel Management is the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual organizational and societal objectives are accomplished

Robins& Decenzo defined as... HRM is a process consisting of four functions acquisitions, development, Motivation and maintenance of Human Resources. According to L.F. Urwick Business houses are made or broken in the long run not by markets capital, patents or equipments but by men. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS:-

Human resource planning: - It is the process of determining future human resource needs relative to an organizations strategic plan and devising the steps necessary to meet those needs. Staffing: - It involves a set of activities aimed at attracting and selecting individual for position in a way that will facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. Training: - It is formally defined as a planned effort to improve the performance of the employee in his area of work. It denotes effort to increase employee skills in their jobs. Performance appraisal: - It compares an individuals job performance against standards or objectives developed for the individuals position. Compensation: - It consists of the wages paid directly to the employees for the amount of time worked or the number of units produced. It also includes the monetary and non-monetary benefits that an employee as part of his employment relationship with the organization.

STRESS RELATED TO HRM:New competition and pressures on companies to be more productive have led them to pursue certain strategies that put their employees under stress. So this has led to encounter new work culture. One spin- off from the rapid change occurring in the work place is the opportunity to enjoy several different careers during the lifetime.

Frequently managers are often caught between trying to satisfy the needs of their staff and fulfilling the wishes of their superiors on the other. They also have to make difficult decisions about the future of their staff. Many managers regard stress as normal part of working life, but without adequate time for relaxation, stress can lead to illness and even death. Stress in a company arises because more people find themselves working at a similar level of seniority and this can lead to greater competition. Employees are working more closely with their colleagues than before and their roles in a team can often overlap. The success of a smoothrunning and happy team depends on co-operation. If this is not present, conflict is likely. DEMAND ON A MANAGER:Too many demands and too much responsibility placed on one person can result in high stress levels. Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. The college students may experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job, business men may suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the house hold ladies may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the maid servant.

The reasons for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people experience should not be necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and propel people to apply the efforts and complete the work. But a high level of Stress can be a serious threat to the personality traits of the Individual and can cause physiological and social problems. We generally believe that the stress is caused by the external events and the dynamics of the environment. But we need to emphasis the fact that the Stress is caused by our reaction to the external environment. The manner in which we perceive and understand the changes or the particular event creates same event can bring happiness and cause Stress in two different people depending upon how they react to it. When students are asked to prepare a presentation, some may take it to be an opportunity to reveal their talents and to improve upon their weakness while the other students may be perturbed by it for the fear of his weakness. So, Stress is our reaction to external events and it can be positive or negative depending upon how we react. It is the general wear and tear of the body machine that takes place due to extra demands put on it. We can define stress as, Bodys not response to any demand made on it. Stress is not being definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. On one side stress provides means to talent and energies and pursue happiness on the other side it can also cause exhaustion and illness both physical and psychological.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SOURCES OF DATA:

Primary Sources: Primary information was collected through questionnaire form various cadres of personnel. Secondary Sources: Secondary information was collected from organizations records, management journals and web sites. Sample size:114 Samples