Professional Documents
Culture Documents
疑問句型
What is this?
結構︰問句:What+be 動詞+this(that…)?
答句:This(that…)+be 動詞+a book(pen…)。
說明︰此句型意為“這(那)是什麼?這(那)是書(鋼筆…)”。what(什麼)叫做“疑
問詞”,用於詢問“事物”,通常放在句首,後接 be <動詞>,再接<主詞>,第一個字母 w
要大寫,句尾要加問號(?),位置不可排錯。
What is this? This is a chair. 這是什麼?這是一張椅子。
What’s this? It’s a book. 這是什麼?它是一本書。
What is that? That is a desk. 那是什麼?那是一張書桌。
What are these?
結構︰問句:What are+these/those…?
答句:These/Those are+複數名詞(+s/es)。
說明︰<主詞>與<動詞>的形式要一致,is 後面接單數<名詞>,are 後面要接複數<名詞>。
What are these? These are books. 這些是什麼?這些是書。
What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什麼?那些是茶杯。
What are they? They are glasses. 它們是什麼?它們是玻璃杯。
What are you?
結構︰問句:What+be 動詞+主詞(人)…?
答句:主詞+be 動詞+a student…。
說明︰此句型意為“你是做什麼事情的?我是學生…”。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外,還
可用於詢問“人的職業或身分”。be <動詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態,如:I
am,we are,you are,he is…。
What are you? I am a student. 你是做什麼事情的?我是一名學生。
What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什麼事情的?她是一名教師。
Are you a ...?
結構︰問句:Be 動詞(am,are,is)+主詞+…?
肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+am(are,is)。
否定簡答:No,主詞+am(are,is)not。
說明︰在否定<簡答句>中,<主詞>和 am,is,are 可以縮寫;在肯定<簡答句>中則不可。
Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是學生嗎?是的,他是。(不,他不是。)
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.) 你是教師嗎?是的,我是。(不,我不是。)
Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 那是鐘錶嗎?是的,它是。(不,它不是。)
What is your name?
結構︰問句:What+is+所有格+name?
答句:所有格+name+is+名字。
說明︰“my,your,his,her”為單數人稱的<所有格>;<所有格>後面必接<名詞>,即“<所
有格>+<名詞>”;<所有格>不可與 a,an,this,that,these 或 those 緊接一起使用。
What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什麼名字?我的名字叫蘇。
What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什麼名字?他的名字叫約翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什麼名字?她的名字叫珍。
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句型寶典
答句:It is+數字+o’clock。
說明︰此句型意為“現在是幾點鐘?現在是…點鐘”。問句中 what 當<形容詞>,修飾後面的
<名詞> time;time 當時間解時,只能用單數,不可用複數。
What time is it? It is ten o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘?現在是十點鐘。
What time is it? It is six o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘?現在是六點鐘。
What time is it? It is nine o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘?現在是九點鐘。
Do you + V ...?
結構︰問句:Do/Does+主詞+原形動詞…?
肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+do/does。
否定簡答:No,主詞+don’t/doesn’t。
說明︰肯定句中,如有一般<動詞>(speak,work,teach…),則在句首加<助動詞> do 或
does,並將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>(不加 s 或 es),即構成<疑問句>。
Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
你講英語嗎?是的,我講英語。(不,我不講英語。)
Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.)
她有一隻貓嗎?是的,她有一隻貓。(不,她沒有一隻貓。)
Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.)
他們在辦公室裡工作嗎?是的,他們在辦公室裡工作。(不,他們不在辦公室裡工作。)
What time do you + V ...?
結構︰問句:What time+do/does+主詞+原形動詞…?
答句:主詞(某人)+一般動詞…+時間。
說明︰此句型意為“某人幾點做某事?”<助動詞> do 或 does 的選擇依<主詞>而定,若<主
詞>為第三人稱單數,用 does;其它用 do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你幾點起床?我通常六點起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢?他通常十點就寢。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.
你的課幾點開始?八點十分開始。
What day is today?
結構︰問句:What day is today?
答句:It’s+Sunday/Monday/…。
說明︰此句型意為“今天是星期幾?今天是星期日/星期一/…。”it 可用於指“星期的名
稱”,但 this 或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名稱,都是<專有名詞>,開頭的首字母要大寫,
前面不加<冠詞>。
What day is today? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期日。
What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期三。
What day is today? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期六。
How many N are there ...
結構︰問句:How many+複數名詞+are there in/on+名詞?
答句:There is/are+單數(複數)名詞+in/on+名詞。
說明︰此句型意為“在某處有多少…?在某處有…。”該句型中,many 修飾複數<名詞>;又
因本句型是 <疑問句>,故用 are there,不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
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句型寶典
一年有幾個季節? 一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有幾天? 一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
這本書裡有幾課? 這本書裡有十二課。
How many ... do you have?
結構︰問句:How many+複數名詞+do/does+主詞+have?
答句:主詞+have/has…+複數名詞+…。
答句:主詞+don’t/doesn’t have…+複數名詞…。
說明︰“How many”後面接複數<可數名詞>,複數<名詞>的前面可用 many,a lot of,a
few,some,few,any,no 等修飾。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)
你有幾本書? 我有許多書。(我沒有書。)
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)
你有幾件毛衣? 我有三件毛衣。(我沒有毛衣。)
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.)
她有幾個朋友? 她有許多朋友。(她沒有許多朋友。)
How much ... do you have?
結構︰問句:How much+單數不可數名詞+do/does+主詞+have?
答句:主詞+have/has…+單數不可數名詞。
答句:主詞+don’t/doesn’t have…+單數不可數名詞。
說明︰“How much”後面接單數<不可數名詞>,單數<不可數名詞>前面可用 much, a
little,some,little,any,no 等修飾。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)
他有多少茶? 他有很多茶。(他沒有茶。)
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don’t have much
homework.) 他們有多少家庭作業? 他們有許多家庭作業。(他們沒有許多家庭作業。)
How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
他們有多少水果? 他們有許多水果。(他們沒有許多水果。)
How much do(es) ... cost?
結構︰How much do(es)+某物+cost…?
說明︰此句型意為“某物值多少錢?”。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作:
“How much+ be <動詞>+某物?"。
How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢?
How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢?
How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢?
Did ... V ...
結構︰Did+主詞+原形動詞+…過去時間?
說明︰將肯定句中的過去式改為“Did+原形<動詞>”,並將 Did 放在句首,句尾用問號,即
構成過去式的<疑問句>。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎?
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎?
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句型寶典
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎樣注視林先生? 她冷漠地注視林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車? 他小心地駕駛他的計程車。
You are ..., aren’t you?
結構︰肯定句,+否定式助動詞+主詞?
說明︰這是一種反意<疑問句>,其結構特點是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。
直述句的<主詞>是<名詞>時,附加問句的<主詞>要用<代名詞>代替:it 代替 this, that,<
不定詞>(當<主詞>)或<動名詞>(當<主詞>)等;they 代替 these,those, people 等。下列<助動
詞>的否定縮寫式較易弄錯:will not->won’t;would not-> wouldn’t;should not-
>shouldn’t;can not->can’t;could not->couldn’t; might not->mightn’t;ought not-
>oughtn’t。直述句有一般<動詞>現在式,則附加問句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般<動詞>過去
式,則附加問句用 did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?(讀降調)他們準備好了吧?(讀升調)他們準備好了,不是嗎?
Mike has a car, doesn’t he?(讀降調)麥克有輛車,是吧?(讀升調)麥克有輛車,不是嗎?
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是祕書打了這封信,不是嗎?
They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他們將去歐洲,不是嗎?
You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老師,不是嗎?
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我們的森林裡呆過,不是嗎?
I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是嗎?
The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 牆上的插座壞了,不是嗎?
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 乾淨的公園是美麗的,不是嗎?
You can do it, can’t you? 你會做它,不是嗎?
We should rise early, shouldn’t we? 我們應該早起,不是嗎?
He isn’t ..., is he?
結構︰否定句,+肯定式助動詞+主詞?
說明︰這是另一種反意<疑問句>。否定結構在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定結構。對反意<
疑問句>的回答和對否定式一般<疑問句>一樣,要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
他不是經理,是吧?--不,他是經理。(是的,他不是經理。)
Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麥克沒有車,是嗎?
The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 祕書沒有打過這封信,是嗎?
They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他們不會去歐洲,是嗎?
You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老師,是嗎?
I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他無法回答這個問題,是嗎?
What in the world ...?
結構︰疑問詞+in the world/on earth/ever+其他
說明︰此句型意為“究竟…?到底…?”。這是特殊<疑問句>的強調說法。in the world,on
earth 和 ever 是強調疑問詞的<片語>。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事?
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什麼?
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎麼知道的?
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句型寶典
假設法句型
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...
結構︰If+現在式…,S+未來式…
說明︰if 子句用現在式,表示須具備的條件,主句用未來式表示可能的結果,整句含意為“
如果…,那麼…”。will 用於所有的人稱,在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主詞
為 I 或 we 時,可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary(如果需要),if possible(如果可能),
if so(如果這樣)等固定片語實際上是省略了的 if 子句。
If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業了,我就出國。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛,我就服一片阿斯匹林。
If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我們將待在家裡。
If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk. 如果天晴,我們就去散步。
If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴,我們就不去散步。
Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.
通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣,物價就會上漲。
If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的話,她想跟我們一起去。
Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.
英國貨幣可能貶值,如果果真如此,利率就會上升。
If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...
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句型寶典
結構︰If + 現在式,主詞+情態助動詞
說明︰本句型實為<If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...>句型之變體。之所以用情態助動
詞,主要是因為說話者對可能的結果不是太肯定或者是想表達例如必要的意思。
If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可以出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門能夠出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可能出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可能出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜於出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜於出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門必須出門。
If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.
結構︰If I+should ...+祈使語氣
說明︰<If + should + V>代替<if + 現在式>,增加了條件的不確定性。本句型常用在想禮貌地
提出要求或建議,或者想圓通地告訴他人該做什麼事的場合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if
而表示條件。這種用法比較正式,常用於諸如公函之中,而不用於日常會話。
If you should see him, please give him my regards. 如果你見到他,請代我向他致意。
Should you see him, please give him my regards. 如果你見到他,請代我向他致意。
If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.
如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。
Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards.
如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。
If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你給她寫信,請代我向她問候。
Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know.
你若不希望我們的代理人去造訪,請告之。
Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.
你若對我們的報價感興趣,請與我們聯繫。
If I should ..., I will ...
結構︰If…should…,…would(will)/should(shall)等+原形動詞
說明︰這是表示與未來事實相反的假設<句型>,if <子句>要用<助動詞> should,譯成“萬
一”。should 可置於<主詞>前,將 if 省略。<主要子句>的<助動詞>則視可能性做變化:若可
能性低,則為過去式,若可能性高,則為現在式。should 可以提前,而將 if 省略。
If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 萬一他來,我會把真相告訴他。
If he should come, I will tell him the truth. 萬一他來,我一定會把真相告訴他。
Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. 要是那男孩在來,我就把他攆出去。
If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 萬一下雨,我們的計劃就泡湯了。
Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的,合約就該取消。
Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?
萬一另一次世界大戰爆發,人類將會發生什麼事?
If I were to ..., I ...
結構︰If…were to…,…would/should 等+原形動詞
說明︰這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設<句型>,與“if ... should, ...”大致相同,但“if ...
were to”所表示的可能性更低,通常用以表示“與真理相反”的<假設語氣>。
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句型寶典
If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.
要是太陽從西邊出來,他就會通過考試--他不可能通過考試。
If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次,我想當一隻鳥。
If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?
萬一太陽消失了,地球會變成什麼樣子?
Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do?
萬一明天我死了,我的孩子們將怎麼辦呢?
If I + V-ed, I would ...
結構︰If…+過去式動詞…,主詞+過去式助動詞(would/should 等)+原形動詞
說明︰這是與現在事實相反的假設句型。if <子句>中的<be><動詞>,不論<主詞>為第幾人稱,
一律用 were,were 可置於主詞前面,而省略 if。過去式<助動詞>除用 should(用於第一人
稱)、would(用於第二、三人稱)外,還可用不分人稱的 could,might 和 ought to,它們與<
動詞>原形結合起來構成<假設語氣>。
If I knew his address, I could write to him. 如果我知道他的住址,我會寫信給他。
If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有時間,我可能會去看他。
If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do?
如果你站在我的立場,你會怎麼做?
Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. 如果我有足夠的錢,我就買一輛賽車了。
How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高幾寸,我會好高興。
If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有車, 我就帶她去兜風了。
If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly.
如果我有望遠鏡,我就可以清楚地看見那顆彗星。
It is time that ...
結構︰It is(high)time+(that)+主詞+過去式動詞
說明︰此句型意為“已經到了…的時間了”。過去式<動詞>處有時亦使用“should+<動詞>
原形”。that <子句>也能用 to <不定詞>來表示。
It is time he went to bed. 該是他睡覺的時間了。
It is time that you left for the duty. 該你當班了。
It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes. 該是你反省思過的時候了。
It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已經到了他該上咱家吃晚飯的時候了。
It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.
該是有人教你應對進退之禮儀的時候了。
If I had V-ed, I would have ...
結構︰If…had+過去分詞…,主詞+would/should 等+have+過去分詞
說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設<句型>。if <子句>要用<過去完成式>,<主要子句>則要用
過去式<助動詞>(would,should,ought to,might,could)+have+過去<分詞>。if <子句>
中的 had 可置於<主詞>前面,而省略 If。
If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他,我會告訴他實情。
I could have finished the task if I had had more time.
如果當時我能有多一點時間,我就能完成這項任務。
If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.
如果我們事先知道你要離開,我們會到機場送行。
35
句型寶典
I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.
如果有人在他旁邊,或許他就不會溺死。
I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.
若非我已經習慣了這樣的回答,我可能不敢輕易相信。
Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him.
她(那時)不會原諒他,若非他道了歉。
Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了,若非他救了我。
Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?
我要是當年向你求婚,你會答應嫁給我嗎?
Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction.
假如沒有你的幫助,這筆生意早就告吹了。
If I had V-ed, I would ...
結構︰If…had+過去分詞…,主詞+would/should 等+原形動詞+now/today
說明︰這是<時態>不一致時的假設<句型>,亦稱混合假設條件句。即:if <子句>若與過去事
實相反,用<過去完成式>表示;而<主要子句>若與現在事實相反,則用過去式<助動詞>表
示。此類<主要子句>句尾通常有表現在的<時間副詞>,如 now,today 等。
If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.
如果他年輕時多努力一點,現在就能過得舒服些。
If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.
如果十年前我有錢,今天我就能買下那棟房子了。
Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當時肯說實話,現在就不會受罪了。
Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now.
當時他要是聽了醫生的建議,現在可能還活著。
I wish ... + V-ed ...
結構︰I wish+(that)+主詞+動詞過去式/過去完成式(had+過去分詞)…
說明︰I wish 之後以 that <子句>為<受詞>時,該<子句>的<動詞>一定要用<假設語氣>:若<
動詞>用過去式,表示與現在事實相反的願望;若用<過去完成式>,則表示與過去事實相反
的願望。“I wish+that-<子句>”的<句型>也可用“I would rather+that-<子句>”取代。而 I hope
之後以 that <子句>做<受詞>時,該<子句>用一般<時態>。
I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但願有草地與小羊。
I wish I were as tall as you. 但願我像你一樣高。
I wish he could tell us. 但願他能告訴我們。
I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow. 但願他明天能來。
I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但願昨天你們沒有淋到雨。
I wish you had not told the truth. 但願你沒有說實話。
I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經認識你。
If only + V-ed
結構︰If only+過去式/過去完成式
說明︰此句型意為“要是…就好了。”用過去式,表示與現在事實相反;若用<過去完成式>,
則表示與過去事實相反。
If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。
If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。
36
句型寶典
比較句型
as/so ... as ...
結構︰as/so+形容詞或副詞原級+as…
說明︰此句型意為“…和…一樣…”。比較兩件東西,並表示它們的程度一樣。第一個 as 為<
副詞>,第二個 as 則為<副詞><連接詞>,引導<副詞子句>,修飾第一個 as。在 as…as 中可插
入單數<可數名詞>,即:“as+<形容詞>+a/an+<名詞>+as”。若是複數<名詞>,可用
“as many/few+複數 <名詞>+as”;若是<不可數名詞>,則用“as much/little+<不可數
名詞>+as”。“as+原級(形、副)+as+原級(形、副)”這形式表示有關同一人(物)的兩
種不同的性質、狀態是一樣程度的,譯作“既有…且還有…”。
He is as handsome as his brother (is). 他和他哥哥一樣英俊。
Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does. 朱迪像莎拉一樣時常去看電影。
Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老約翰像嬰兒一樣容易入睡。
The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 這些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一樣忙著工作。
He is as nice a boy as Peter (is). 他和彼得一樣都是好男孩。
She has as many friends as Mary (does). 她和瑪麗一樣有許多朋友。
He has as much money as John (does). 他和約翰一樣有很多錢。
He is as clever as (he is) handsome. 他不但英俊而且聰明。
My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent. 我的老師不但善良而且聰慧。
as many/much ...
結構︰as many/much+名詞…
說明︰此句型意為“同數(量)的…;一樣多”。本<片語>旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的
相同數字,以避免該數字的重複。
He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten) pages.
他疲倦得十頁中犯了十個錯誤。
Mike read five books in as many (=in five) months. 麥克在五個月內看了五本書。
I didn’t expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days.
沒想到(老實的)他居然在三天內犯了三次搶劫罪。
as many/much as ...
結構︰as many/much as+數字+複數名詞/不可數名詞
說明︰此句型意為“多達…”。不要與“as many/much+<名詞>”(同數量的…)混淆。同理,
此類<片語>還有:as long as+數字+<名詞>(長達…),as wide as+數字+<名詞>(寬達
…), as high as+數字+<名詞>(高達…),as early as+數字+<名詞>(早在…),as
late as+數字+<名詞>(遲在…)等。
She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。
As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 這次空難中多達一百人喪生。
41
句型寶典
與其說她美倒不如說她迷人。
He is not so clever as diligent. 與其說他聰明倒不如說他勤奮。
She is not so kind as simple. 與其說她善良不如說她單純。
not so much + N as + N
結構︰not so much+名詞+as+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“與其說是…倒不如說是…”。相當於“<名詞>+rather than+<名詞>”。
He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 與其說他是作家倒不如說他是學者。
He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力勝於天份。
The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment.
阿波羅計劃與其說是一項科學成果,不如說是一項技術成就。
not so much ... as ...
結構︰not so much+介系詞片語/不定詞片語+as+介系詞片語/不定詞片語
說明︰此句型意為“與其說是…倒不如說是…”。相當於“<介系詞片語>/<不定詞片語>+
rather than+ <介系詞片語>/<不定詞片語>”。
Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.
快樂與其說在於財富倒不如說在於健康。
One’s greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.
一個人的偉大與其說是由他的財富來判斷,倒不如說是由他的品德來判斷。
Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
與其說成功在於運氣不如說是辛勤努力。
I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下來與其說是要睡覺,倒不如說是要思考。
It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.
與其說給人麵包很有幫助,倒不如說教導他如何謀生才重要。
Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.
我們的成功與其歸功於您的幫忙,不如歸功於我們的合作。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of
learning. 學校教育的最大用處,與其說是教你事物,不如說是教你學習的方法。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so
much as unite it.) 與其說是海洋分割這個世界,不如說是統一這個世界。
not so much as ...
結構︰not so much as ...
說明︰此句型意為“甚至都不…”。相當於“not even ...”。本<片語>使用時,要置於<助動詞>
之後,即: cannot so much as+原形<動詞>(甚至…都不能),do not so much as+原形<動
詞>(甚至…都不),have not so much as+過去<分詞>(甚至…都沒有)。
He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.)
他甚至連自己的名字都不會寫。
He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都沒謝我。
He is so stupid that he can’t so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至連吃飯都不會。
When Mary walked in, she didn’t so much as take a glance at me, which angered me.
瑪麗進門時,連看我一眼都沒有,真令人生氣。
the more ..., the more ...
結構︰the+比較級…,the+比較級…
45
句型寶典
說明︰此句型意為“愈…,就愈…”。若句中的<主詞>為一般<名詞>,而非<代名詞>
(he,it,you,they)或<專有名詞>(John,Mary),且後面的<動詞>為 be <動詞>時,該
be <動詞>可省略。
The more you soften a request, the more polite it becomes.
你愈使請求柔婉,請求就愈變為客氣。
The longer you stay here, the more you will like the place.
你在這裡待得愈久,你愈會喜歡這個地方。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你愈小心,你犯錯就會愈少。
The more I learn, the less I feel I know. 學而後知不足。
The closer you stay to nature, the more you will appreciate her beauty.
你愈接近大自然,就愈能了解它的美。
The more leisure he has, the less he stays at home. 愈是有空,他愈不肯待在家裡。
The better the boy (is), the more I like him. 這男孩愈好我愈喜歡他。
The colder the weather (is), the more comfortable my life (will be).
天氣愈冷,我的生活就愈舒服。
The bigger the house (is), the more money it will cost. 房子愈大愈值錢。
The more haste, the less speed. 欲速則不達。
The more noble the more humble. 結實愈豐者,其穗愈低。
More profit and less honor. 捨名逐利。
The sooner the better. 事不宜遲。
The more you have, the more you want. 擁有愈多,慾望愈高。
The more you beat iron the harder it grows. 鐵不煉不成鋼,玉不琢不成器。
more and more ...
結構︰比較級+and+比較級
說明︰此句型意為“愈來愈…”。
The noise of traffic grows louder and louder. 交通的噪音變得愈來愈大。
It is getting hotter and hotter. 天氣愈來愈熱。
You should study harder and harder. 你應該更用功念書。
The girl became more and more beautiful. 這女孩變得愈來愈漂亮了。
With the rapid economical development, China’s position on the international stage is getting
more and more important.隨著經濟迅速發展,中國在國際舞台上的地位變得愈來愈重要了。
... more ... than ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+more…than…
說明︰此句型意為“…是…而不是…”。在“…”的位置,可以用<名詞>,<形容詞>,或帶
有形容詞性的<分詞>。
You may also find that reading has become more fun than work!
你或許也會發現閱讀已經變成是有趣的事,而不是工作。
It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事,而不是真實發生的事情。
I was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望,而不是洩氣。
He seems more like a military officer than a business executive.
他似乎比較像一個軍官,而不像一個商業行政主管。
46
句型寶典
I love her all the better for her poverty (=because she is poor). 因為她窮,我反而更喜歡她。
I like the book all the more for its beautiful illustrations. 我因為精美的插圖而更加喜歡這本書。
He studied all the harder because he had failed (=for his failure).
因為他失敗了,他反而更用功念書了。
She is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing (=because her clothing is shabby).
即使她衣衫襤褸,卻顯得更美麗了。
I respect him all the more because he has faults. 因為他有缺點,我反而更尊敬他。
I like Kyoto all the better for its many narrow streets. 正因為小道多,我反而更喜歡京都。
none the ...er for ...
結構︰none the+比較級+for+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“即使…卻一點也不…”。相當於“none the+比較級+because-子句”。for
為<介系詞>,之後接<名詞>為其<受詞>;because 則為<副詞><連接詞>,之後接<主詞>+<
動詞>,引導<副詞子句>。
His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise).
即使他運動,他的健康狀況卻一點也不好。
She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress.
即使她身穿時髦洋裝,卻一點也不漂亮。
He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有錢,卻一點也不快樂。
He is none the wiser because he has read many books.
他雖然讀了不少書,可是並未因此而聰明些。
none the less ... for ...
結構︰none the less+形容詞/副詞+for+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“即使…卻仍然”。相當於“none the less+形容詞/副詞+because-子句
”。none the less 為<副詞>,譯成“仍然”,可修飾<動詞>,<形容詞>或<副詞>;修飾<動詞
>時,置於該<動詞>之後;修飾<形容詞>時,置於該<形容詞>之前;修飾<副詞>時,置於該
<副詞>之前。
I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他窮,我還是愛他。
She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫襤褸,卻仍然美麗。
He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失敗了,卻仍然用功念書。
... no more ... than ...
結構︰A+動詞+no more+B+than+C+動詞+D
說明︰此句型意為“A 不是 B 正如 C 不是 D”。“no more ... than”等於“not ... any more than”。
若 than 之後的詞類與前面的詞類相同,可以省略;若不同,則不可省略。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鯨魚不是魚正如馬不是魚一樣。
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
沒有愛的家不是家,就如同沒有靈魂的身體不是人一樣。
He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English).
和我不會說英語一樣,他也不會說英語。
He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. 他不體諒別人,就跟他弟弟一樣。
He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不會唱歌正如我不會跳舞一樣。
We can no more live without sleep than (we can) without water.
我們沒有睡眠不能活,正如我們沒有水就不能活一樣。
48
句型寶典
I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind). 你我兩人都沒有瘋狂。
Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news.
湯姆聽見那消息既不驚訝也不失望。
He is no better (no more good) at English than I am. 他的英文不好,就像我一樣。
... no less ... than ...
結構︰A+動詞+no less+B+than+C+動詞+D
說明︰此句型意為“A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一樣”。“no less ... than”等於“as ... as”,no less 之後
可置<副詞>或 <形容詞>修飾。
A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鯨魚和馬一樣都是哺乳動物。
He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一樣聰明。
She is no less good at swimming than Mary. 她和瑪麗一樣擅長游泳。
His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement).
他的雙親對他訂婚的高興並不亞於他自己。
He studies no less hard than John. 他和約翰一樣用功。
Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books.
交益友與選擇好書對我們同樣重要。
A good shirt is no less expensive than a jacket.一件好襯衫的昂貴程度並不比一件夾克衫差。
Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable.運動服和西服套一樣,非常暢銷。
not more ... than ...
結構︰not more…than…
說明︰此句型意為“沒有比…更多;最多只是和…一樣”。等於“at best as ... as”。
She is not more beautiful than Mary. 她不比瑪麗美麗--頂多只是和瑪麗一樣美。
I was not more surprised than he (was). 我不像他那樣驚訝。
He is not more handsome than I. 他不比我瀟灑--頂多跟我一樣瀟灑。
not less ... than
結構︰not less ... than
說明︰此句型意為“沒有比…更少;至少與…一樣”。等於“at least as ... as”。
She is not less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和瑪麗一樣美麗。
He is not less interested in composing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一樣對譜曲很感興趣。
He is not less handsome than I. 他至少跟我一樣瀟灑。
no more than ...
結構︰no more than+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“僅僅…”。等於“only+<名詞>”,強調稀少。
It will take no more than five days to read the book. 不到五天,我就會把這本書讀完。
It is no more than ten minutes’ walk from the station. 由車站走到這裡只有十分鐘的路程。
I had no more than 2 or 3 mistakes on my English assignment.
我的英文作業中只有兩三處錯誤。
no less than ...
結構︰no less than+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“多達…;足足有…之多”。等於“as many/much as ...”,強調多。
I received no less than ten thousand yen for my work. 我的工資多達一萬元。
The audience was no less than five thousand. 聽眾有五千人之多。
49
句型寶典
John is more diligent than any other student in his class. 約翰比班上其他的同學用功。
John is more diligent than all the other students in his class.
約翰比班上其他的同學用功。
Baseball is more popular than any other sport in Japan.
在日本,棒球比其他任何運動都受人歡迎。
Autumn is better for reading than any other season. 秋天比任何季節都適合讀書。
Mt. Jade is higher than any other mountain in Taiwan. 玉山要比台灣的任何山都高。
... more than anyone else
結構︰比較級+than+anyone else/anything else
說明︰此句型意為“比其他任何…都還…”。這是用<比較級>來表示<最高級>的同範圍比較
<句型>。anyone else 指人;anything else 指物。
John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. 約翰比班上其他的同學用功。
Time is more precious than anything else in the world. 時間比世上任何東西都寶貴。
Mary is more beautiful than anyone else in her company. 瑪麗在公司裡比其他人都漂亮。
We pay less attention to time than to anything else.我們對時間的不重視超過其他任何事物。
nothing is ...er than ...
結構︰nothing(或 no+名詞)+動詞+比較級+than…
說明︰此句型意為“沒有如此…者”。這是用<比較級>來表示<最高級>的<句型>。
Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued.
沒有比時間更貴重的東西,但也沒有比它更受輕視的東西。
No place is better than one’s home. 沒有任何地方比得上自己的家。
Nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to music.
沒有一件事比待在家裡聽音樂更愉快的了。
Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble.
沒有一件事要比幫助陷入困境的人帶給他更大的快樂。
There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air.
我們對時間和空氣的不重視超過其他任何事物。
... nothing more than N
結構︰主詞+動詞+nothing more than+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“…只不過…”。“nothing more than”等於“nothing but”。
Others are dismissed as nothing more than entertainment.
有些只不過是被當做娛樂而不予考慮。
It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不過是杜撰的故事而已。
She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.
她希望被對待得只不過像一般的女孩子。
...er than ever
結構︰…+比較級+than ever
說明︰此句型意為“比以前更…”。than ever 等於 than ever before,意為“比以前任何時候
…”。
There it was, ticking away, louder than ever. 它就在那裡,滴答地走著,比以前更大聲。
You should be more careful than ever. 你應該比以前更小心。
Does she spend more money than ever? 她比以前花更多的錢嗎?
51
句型寶典
說明︰此句型意為“…是最為…”。“<最高級>+of all”的<語氣>比“<最高級>”強。
These frozen foods are the most convenient of all. 這些冷凍食品是最為方便。
It is the most important of all. 那是最為重要的。
They are the most dependable of all. 他們是最為可靠的。
A is most ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+沒有 the 的最高級…
說明︰在以下幾種場合裡的<最高級>之前沒有 the:被用來代替“very+原級”或“very”以
加強 <語氣>時前面沒有 the;most 的含義是“多數”時前面沒有 the;用作<最高級><副詞>
時前面沒有 the;帶有<所有格>的<最高級><形容詞>之前沒有 the。
I think he is a most learned man. 我認為他是個很有學問的人。
A most beautiful girl came to see him yesterday. 昨天有一個很漂亮的女孩來看他。
Such a most talented person as he shouldn’t be satisfied with what he is.
像他這麼有才華的人不應滿足於現狀。
A comet is at perihelion when it is closest (=very close) to the sun.
彗星最接近太陽時,它就是在近日點。
A person is most disappointed when he is in despair. 一個人在絕望時最失望。
He is calmest (=very calm) when he is all by himself. 他一人獨處時極為平靜。
The sentence of six months imprisonment was most unjust. 六個月監禁的判決極其不公。
Most people need six to eight hours of sleep every day.多數人每天需要六至八小時的睡眠。
Most learned men are modest. 大部分有學問的人都很謙虛。
I like apples best of all fruits. 所有水果中我最喜歡蘋果。
Bill runs quickly, Jack runs more quickly than Bill, and Bob runs most quickly of all.
比爾跑得快,傑克跑得比比爾快,鮑伯在三者中跑得最快。
Jane’s worst fault is her quick temper. 珍最大的毛病是她的急性子。
She is my youngest sister. 她是我最小的妹妹。
A is the last to ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+the last+(名詞)+to-不定詞/子句
說明︰此句型意為“…是最不可能…”。the last 表示“最不可能…;絕不至於…”,它的後
面有時有 <名詞>。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question. 我是最不可能去嘗試回答這個問題。
He is the last person (that) I want to see. 他是我最不想要看到的人。
This is the last attempt (that) he would make. 這是他最不可能做的嘗試。
The author should be the last man to talk about his work.
作者應該是最不喜歡談論自己作品的人。
superior/inferior to ...
結構︰superior/inferior to…
說明︰此句型意為“優於/劣於…”。這是不規則的<比較><句型>,其後跟 to 代替 than,其
他還有“prefer… to…(喜愛…甚於…)”,“senior to ...(年長的)”,“junior to ...(年
少的)”等。
I prefer tea to coffee. 茶與咖啡,我較喜歡茶。
I prefer chemistry to physics. 我喜歡化學甚於物理。
He is superior to his brother in mathematics. 他的數學比他兄弟好。
54
句型寶典
態>。
I made him do it. 我叫他做這事。
I let him do it. 我讓他做這事。
They had/made the girl clean the floor. 他們叫這個女孩打掃地板。
The mother bade the child behave himself. 媽媽叮嚀孩子要守規矩。
He was bidden to finish the work on schedule. 我要他按時完成工作。
My father will probably have Tom paint the house green.
我爸爸很可能叫湯姆把房子漆成綠色。
He had me help him with his homework. 他叫我幫忙他做家庭作業。
... want/like to do ...
結構︰主詞+一般及物動詞+不定詞(to+V)…。
說明︰常以<不定詞>作為<受詞>的<及物動詞>有:like(喜歡),want(想要),try(設
法), love(喜愛),hate(討厭),forget(忘記),begin(開始),start(開始),
need(必須)。
Some students hate to study English. 有些學生不喜歡研讀英語。
You need to study in a quiet place. 你必須在一個安定的地方讀書。
He likes to go to the movie. 他喜歡去看電影。
She wants to help Mary. 她想要幫助瑪麗。
... want/ask sb. to do ...
結構︰主詞+want/ask/tell 等+受詞+to-不定詞
說明︰<不定詞>放在<受詞>的後面,用於補充說明<受詞>的動作,叫做“<受詞補語>”;當
<不定詞>要表達“不要做某事”的意思時,則須採用<不定詞>的<否定式>,即直接在<不定
詞>前加 not。常用的此類<動詞>有 want,get,compel,expect,ask,would
like,advise,urge,wish,tell,allow,permit,trouble,help,teach 等。
I told him not to goof around. 我叫他不要游手好閒。
The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam. 老師勸他的學生準備考試。
They forced me to do things against my will. 他們強迫我做違背我心意的事。
Do you want me to go there instead of you? 要不要我代你到那兒去?
I got him to do it. 我叫他做這事。
Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他們幫助我,使我能夠順利地完成工作。
A sense of humor enabled him to get along well with others.
幽默感使他能與人相處愉快。
The heavy workload forced me to cancel the camping trip.繁重的工作量迫使我取消去露營。
The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone.
父親答應讓他的兒子單獨出國旅行。
We troubled him to turn on the light. 我們麻煩他打開電燈。
We needed someone to fix the tape recorder. 我們需要有人來修理錄音機。
I heard him sing.
結構︰主詞+hear/see/feel+受詞+原形不定詞
說明︰此句型意為“聽/看/感覺…”。英文中表示“看”,“聽”,“感覺”的三類<動詞
>,加了<受詞>之後,須接原形<動詞>做<受詞補語>,用以表示已發生,而且是主動意味的
事實。我們稱此類<動詞>為知覺<動詞>,常用的有 see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen
58
句型寶典
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>(人,物)正在…”。<現在進行式>用於表示現在“正在進行”
的動作或“暫時性”的動作,常和 now,still,at this time 等<副詞>(<片語>)連用。而<簡
單現在式>用於表示現在的“事實,習慣或狀態”,常和 every day,usually,always 等<副
詞>(<片語>)連用。
Bill is singing. 比爾正在唱歌。
Linda is cooking. 琳達在烹飪。
My father is sleeping. 我父親在睡覺。
Mother cooks dinner every evening. 媽媽每天晚上做晚飯。
She is cooking in the kitchen now. 她現在正在廚房裡做飯。
Father walks to his office every morning. 爸爸每天早上走路去上班。
He is walking to his office now. 他現在正在走路去上班。
Mary sings in her room every afternoon. 瑪麗每天下午在她房間裡唱歌。
She is singing in her room now. 她現在正在她房間裡唱歌。
an interesting movie
結構︰主詞+動詞+a/an+(very)+現在分詞+名詞(物)…。
說明︰“情緒<動詞>”如 interest,excite,satisfy,bore,confuse,trouble 等,要修飾事物,
常用現在<分詞>;現在<分詞>含有“主動”或動作“正在進行”的意味。
That is an interesting movie. 那是一部令人有趣的電影。
That is an exciting game. 那是一場令人興奮的比賽。
That is a satisfying book. 那是一本令人滿意的書。
Have you + V-ed ...?
結構︰Have/Has+主詞+過去分詞+…?
說明︰將<助動詞> have(has)提到句首,即構成<現在完成式>的疑問式。
Have you had your lunch? 你已吃過午飯嗎?
Has she ever written a letter to Mark? 她曾經寫信給馬克嗎?
Have you found the pen you lost yesterday? 你找到昨天丟失的鋼筆了嗎?
a troubled student
結構︰主詞+動詞+a/an+(very)+過去分詞+名詞(人)…。
說明︰“情緒<動詞>”如 interest,excite,satisfy,bore,confuse,trouble 等,要修飾人,常
用過去<分詞>;過去<分詞>含有“被動”或動作“已經完成”的意味。
He is a troubled student. 他是一位感到苦惱的學生。
He is an interested person. 他是一位表現興趣的人。
He is a bored student. 他是一位感到厭煩的學生。
I have written a letter.
結構︰主詞+have(has)+過去分詞+…。
說明︰<現在完成式>用於表示“過去某時”發生的事情,“直到現在”才完成,或“繼續到
現在”,或其結果“影響到現在”,它的肯定式由“have(has)+過去<分詞>”構成,其中
have 或 has 是<助動詞>,當<主詞>是第三人稱單數(he,she,it…)時,用 has,其餘人稱
用 have。
I have written a letter. 我已經寫了一封信。
Mary has studied English for three years. 瑪麗研讀英語已有三年。
He has liked dogs since he was a child. 自從他是小孩時,他就喜歡狗。
63
句型寶典
說明︰這是含<分詞>句構的<句型>,是以<分詞片語>代替<副詞子句>。<主要子句>中的<主
詞>應和<分詞片語>中的動作接受者一致。若<動詞>為 be 或 have been,變成現在<分詞>
being 或 having been 後,可以省略。<否定句>若變成<分詞片語>時,<否定副詞> not 或 never
應置於<分詞>之前。
Holding the watch up, she listened. 把錶拿起來,她注意聽。
Standing in the dark, I can not see anything. 站在黑夜裡,我什麼也看不見。
Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stone on the head. 我坐在樹下,被一塊石頭擊中了頭。
(Being) a lover of nature, he often goes mountain climbing.因為熱愛大自然,他常常去爬山。
Angry with his wife, Tom kicked the dog. 因為和太太生氣,湯姆踢狗。
Rich and generous, he contributed two million dollars to the Red Cross.
因為有錢又慷慨,他捐了兩百萬圓給紅十字會。
(Having been) Knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hospital.
被車子撞倒後,他在醫院裡度過了一星期。
Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use. 因受到嚴重損壞,這座橋不再使用了。
Caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一場雨,他全身都濕了。
Bitten by a dog, the little boy did not dare to play with dogs again.
被狗咬過,這個小男孩不敢再和狗玩。
Written in English, the book is difficult for me to understand.
用英文寫的這本書對我來說很難理解。
Not (being) fond of learning, he ran away from home. 由於不喜歡讀書,他就離家出走了。
Never having been to Switzerland before, he longs for a trip there.
因為從來沒去過瑞士,他期待一趟瑞士之旅。
When + V-ing ...
結構︰when/while/once/if/unless/though+現在分詞
說明︰當 when,while,once,if,unless,though 等<副詞><連接詞>引導<副詞子句>時,若
其<主詞>與<主要子句>相同,可保留該<副詞><連接詞>,其餘部分則化簡為<分詞片語>。
He says "Please" when making a request. 請求時,他說:“請”。
When waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. 等公共汽車時,他按順序排隊。
He stopped to talk to me when seeing me. 看到我的時候,他停下來和我說話。
If falling ill, I’ll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生病,我會待在家裡好好休息。
Once arriving there, I’ll keep contact with you. 一到那裡,我會跟你連絡。
Unless (being) rich, I am not going to buy a house. 除非有錢,要不然我是不會買房子的。
Though knowing the truth, he remained silent. 雖然他知道實情,卻保持沈默。
N + V-ing/V-ed
結構︰名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞,…
說明︰這是含獨立<分詞>結構的<句型>,即因<主詞>不同而將<分詞>意義上的<主詞>置於
<分詞>之前。若 <動詞>為 be 或 have been,變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been 後,可以省
略。若<分詞>意義上的<主詞>是 we,you,one 等表世上之一般人的情形時,即使和<主要子
句>之<主詞>不同,也可省略,變成慣用的句子,常用的有:frankly speaking(坦白說),
judging from(由…觀之),talking about/of(談談…),generally speaking(一般而言),
roughly speaking(大體言之)等。
They were trembling, their mouths watering at the thought of the beer.
67
句型寶典
他們顫抖著,一想到啤酒,口水就流出來。
He was sitting next to Mrs. Smith, his eyes resting on her daughter.
他坐在史密斯太太的旁邊,他的視線落在她女兒的身上。
The earthquake took place, the windows broken into pieces. 地震發生了,戶破得粉碎。
"There it is," he whispered, his eyes (being) bright with sudden tears.
“就在那裡。”他低聲地說,他的眼睛閃亮著突然而來的眼淚。
He said in a low voice, both his hands (being) on his back. 他低聲地說,他的雙手放在背後。
He argued, his voice trembling with anger. 他爭論著,他的聲音由於生氣而顫抖。
Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般而言,女性壽命較男性長。
Frankly speaking, he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白講,他沒有你想像中的壞。
with + N + V-ing/V-ed
結構︰with+名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞
說明︰這是表“附帶狀況(並行行為)”的<副詞片語>,常用來描述情景。有時使用<形容
詞>、<副詞>、<介系詞>代替<分詞>。
She sang to the music with her hand waving gently. 她跟著音樂唱歌,手斯文地揮動著。
He came running here with one hand holding a knife. 他手上握著刀向這裡跑來。
He came running here with a knife held in one hand. 他一手握著刀向這裡跑來。
With our work done, we felt much at ease. 工作做完後,我們覺得好輕鬆。
She looked at him with the color gone from her face. 她凝視著他,臉上毫無血色。
He was dozing with a book open in his hands. 他在打盹,手上的書打開著。
My father sometimes goes out for a stroll with a stick in his hand.
父親有時候帶著手杖出去散步。
What a lonely world it would be with you away! 妳要是不在,這世界不知將有多寂寞!
V-ing ... + be + N ...
結構︰現在分詞…+be 動詞+名詞
說明︰此句型的<名詞>是句子的<主詞>,所以 be <動詞>要和<名詞>一致。
Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self-reliance and
independence. 和美國家庭的這種愛同時並存的是自強及獨立的文化價值觀。
Growing along the river are tall palm trees. 沿著這條河生長的是高大的棕梠樹。
Lying north of the church is a girls’ senior high school.位於這座教堂以北的是一所女子高中。
含動名詞之句型
Thinking correctly is ...
結構︰動名詞+副詞(或名詞)+單數動詞+…。
說明︰此句型意為“做某事是…的”。<動名詞>在文法上具有<動詞>與<名詞>的雙重性質,
故<動名詞>可以像<名詞>一樣充當<主詞>;又因<動名詞>當<主詞>時,用於指“某一件事
”,屬於第三人稱單數,故取單數<動詞>。
Thinking correctly is important. 思考正確是重要的。
Living in the big city is convenient. 住在大城市是方便的。
Reading good books makes us happy. 閱讀好書使得我們快樂。
... without + N/V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+動詞+…without+名詞/動名詞…。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>沒有(不用)…”。without 當“沒有;不用;假如沒有;當…不
68
句型寶典
“感覺像…”。
I don’t feel like studying tonight. 我今晚不想念書。
I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.我好想明年暑假去一趟歐洲。
Do you feel like going to a movie? 你想看電影嗎?
I feel like a newborn baby. 我感覺像是個新生的嬰兒。
... come near + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+come near+動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“幾乎去做…”。near 後跟<動名詞>。
It came near being the prettiest bow he had ever seen.那幾乎是他所見過最漂亮的一隻果盆。
I came near hitting him. 我幾乎揍他。
They came near being drowned. 他們幾乎被水淹死。
My son came near being run over by a truck. 我的兒子差點被大卡車輾過。
... worth + V-ing ...
結構︰worth+動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“值得…”。worth 是<介系詞>,使用時要用<名詞>或<動名詞>做<受詞>,
形成<介系詞片語>,當 <形容詞>用。worth 之後接<動名詞>時,<主詞>必須為該<動名詞>之
<受詞>,否則<動名詞>之後須另加<介系詞>,使<主詞>做其<受詞>。這種<句型>不可用虛<
主詞> it 做<主詞>。
London is a city worth visiting. 倫敦是值得參觀的城市。
He who does his duty is worth praising. 凡是忠於職守的人都值得贊揚。
A book worth reading once is worth reading time and time again.
值得一看的書值得一看再看。
The work is worth doing. 這個工作值得去做。
He is worth doing the work for. 值得為他去做這份工作。
be worthy of + V-ing
結構︰be worthy of+動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“值得…”。等於“be worthy+to be+過去<分詞>”。worthy 是<形容詞>,
也引導<形容詞片語>;同 worth 一樣,使用 worthy 時,不可用虛<主詞> it 做<主詞>。
This book is worthy of reading. 這本書值得一讀。
He who does his duty is worthy of praising. 凡是忠於職守的人都值得獎勵。
The event is worthy of being remembered. 那事件是值得記憶的。
On/Upon + V-ing ...
結構︰On/Upon+動名詞…
說明︰此句型意為“一…就…”。相當於 once 引導的<副詞子句>。on 後面所跟的<動詞>的動
作執行者必須與<主要子句>的一致。
Upon reaching an appropriate age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest”.
一達到適當的年齡,孩子們就被鼓勵,而不是被強迫,“離開老窩”。
On entering the classroom, I found a book lying on the floor.
一走進教室,我就發現一本書丟在地上。
Upon receiving your letter, I was as happy as could be. 一收到你的信,我非常高興。
before + V-ing ...
結構︰before + 動名詞 ...
70
句型寶典
說明︰此句型意為“在…之前”。before 後面動作的執行者,應該與<主要子句>中的動作執
行者一致。
Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes.
在某些亞洲的國家,進屋子之前脫下鞋子才是有禮貌的。
Before reading the book, you had better ask yourself if you have the time.
在讀這本書之前,你最好問問自己是否有時間。
Before visiting him, I called him up in advance. 在拜訪他之前,我先打電話給他。
of one’s own + V-ing
結構︰of one’s own+動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“由某人親自所…的”。本<片語>為<形容詞片語>,置於<名詞>之後,做
後位<修飾語>。
This is a picture of his own painting. 這是他的親筆畫。
This is a coat of her own making. 這是她親手做的外衣。
I least expected that this should be a house of his own constructing.
我怎麼也沒想到這房子是他自己造的。
keep ... from + V-ing
結構︰主詞+keep/prevent/stop/discourage+受詞+from+動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“防止…/阻止…/使…不能…/勸阻某人不要…”。有時把 from 省略。
It will take everybody’s efforts to keep city noises from increasing.
那是需要每個人的努力來防止都市噪音的增加。
The rain kept us from getting there on time. 那場雨使我們不能準時到達那裡。
They should try to keep prices from rising. 他們應該設法阻止價錢上漲。
Sometimes we can prevent a cloud from producing rain. 有時我們可以阻止雲產生雨。
Nobody can prevent him from running the risk. 沒有人能夠阻止他去冒險。
The bad weather prevented us from getting there on time.
惡劣的天氣阻止了我們準時到達那裡。
They didn’t even try to stop him getting it. 他們甚至沒有試圖去阻止他得到它。
You should have stopped him from going swimming. 你本來應該阻止他去游泳。
A strong will will stop one from committing a crime. 強烈的意志會阻止一個人去犯罪。
Even his closest friends discouraged him from seeking higher office.
甚至他最知己的朋友也勸阻他去尋求更高的職位。
He was discouraged from making another attempt. 他受勸阻去做另一次的嘗試。
I remember + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+remember+動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“記得曾做…”。“remember+<動名詞>”是指現在記得以前曾經做過某事,
而“remember+to-<不定詞>”是指“記住要做某事”。forget,regret 的情形和 remember 也有
大致相同的區別。
I remember feeling that God, or someone, had brought us together.
我記得感到上帝或某人把我們湊合在一起。
Do you remember taking a trip to Japan with him? 你記得曾經和他到日本旅行嗎?
I can’t remember quarreling with him in junior high school. 我不記得國中時和他吵過架。
I’ll remember to mail these letters. 我會記著寄這些信的。
71
句型寶典
詞>。
In the U.S., people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know.
在美國,人們寧可等著空的桌子,而不願和不認識的人坐在一起。
Some people prefer sitting up to going to bed early. 有些人寧可熬夜,而不早睡。
He said he preferred country life to city life. 他說他喜歡鄉下生活,而不喜歡都市生活。
when it comes to + V-ing
結構︰…when it comes to+動名詞/名詞
說明︰此句型意為“…一談到…”。請注意 to 是<介系詞>,後跟<動名詞>,有時也可跟<名
詞>。
Their memory wasn’t very good when it came to recalling other things, but they remembered the
comet. 一談到別的事情時,他們的記性並不是很好,但他們卻記得彗星。
When it comes to making friends, you cannot be too careful.
一談到交朋友,你再怎麼小心也不為過。
When it came to the summer vacation, we all became excited.
一談到暑假,我們大家都變興奮了。
the + V-ing + of + N ...
結構︰the+動名詞+of+名詞…
說明︰本結構在句中充當<主詞>,述詞或<受詞>。
The actual cause of the quake itself is the rupturing or breaking of rocks at or below the earth’s
surface. 地震本身的真正原因是地球表面的或地底下的岩石斷裂或破裂。
The building of the bridge is very important for the transportation between the two towns.
這座橋的建造對這兩個鎮的交通很重要。
The breaking of his right leg made him walk on crutches only.
他右腳的折斷使他只有靠柺杖走路。
be all for + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+be all for+動名詞…
說明︰此句型意為“盡其所能地…”。等於 try one’s best to do sth。
I was all for calling on each of these ladies. 我盡量去拜訪每一位女士。
He is praised for his being all for helping the poor. 他因盡力幫助窮人受到了讚美。
I am all for jogging early in the morning. 我盡可能一大早慢跑。
含助動詞之句型
Can you speak English?
結構︰問句:Can+主詞+原形動詞…?
肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+can。
肯定詳答:Yes,主詞+can+原形動詞+…。
否定簡答:No,主詞+can’t。
否定詳答:No,主詞+can’t+原形動詞+…。
說明︰此句型意為“某人會…嗎?是的,某人會…。(不,某人不會)”。can 是<助動詞>,
後面必須接原形 <動詞>;當<主詞>是第三人稱單數時,can 的字尾不可加 s;can 的後面,
不可接<不定詞> to。can 的否定形,有三種寫法:can not,cannot,can’t;can 的<否定句>形
式為:<主詞>+can’t+原形<動詞>+…。
Can he speak English? Yes, he can (speak English). 他會講英語嗎?是的,他會講英語。
74
句型寶典
但顯得較莊重。本<句型>的特點是:may 不是在<主詞>後面,而是擺在句子開頭,使全句成
倒裝語序,表達出祝願的意義。
May you recover soon! 願您早日康復!
May you succeed in business. 祝您生意興隆!
May our two parties achieve even greater successes in our business.
祝我們雙方在生意中取得更大的成功。
may well + V ...
結構︰may well + 原形動詞
說明︰此句型意為“理當…;大可…”。may 是<助動詞>,well 是<副詞>,後接原形<動詞>。
若將 well 置於<主詞>前面,可加強<語氣>。
You may well find that the end of the book is better than the beginning.
你應該會發現這本書的結尾比開頭好。
You may well get angry with him. 你大可對他發脾氣。
She is proud of her son, and well she may. 她以兒子為傲也是應該的。
An unlimited arms race may well increase the danger of war.
無限度的武器競賽當然會增加戰爭的危險性。
Since he can play many musical instruments, he may well be called a man of accomplishments.
他能演奏許多樂器,當然稱得上是個多才多藝的人。
may as well + V ...
結構︰may as well+原形動詞
說明︰此句型意為“最好…;不妨…”。等於 had better,但<語氣>比較委婉。
We may as well leave the table after dinner is over. 晚餐後我們不妨離開桌子。
You may as well keep it a secret. 你最好將這件事保密。
You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health.
你的體格不壯,因此最好注意健康。
...may as well ... as ...
結構︰may/might as well+原形動詞 A+as+原形動詞 B
說明︰此句型意為“與其 B 倒不如 A”。相當於“had better A than B”。“may as well ... as”實現
的可能性較大,而“might as well ... as”實現的可能性較小。
Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here as leave.
既然雨下得這麼大,你與其離開倒不如待在這兒。
You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.
你借他錢不如把錢扔到海裡去。
You might as well not know a thing at all as know it only a little.
只知道一點點,不如完全不曉得。
I may as well die as marry him.我與其嫁給他,倒不如去死算了。(我若嫁給他,很可能去死。)
I might as well die as marry him.
我與其嫁給他,倒不如去死算了。(我不太可能嫁給他,也不太可能去死。)
You might as well talk to a stone as try to argue with a stubborn woman.
你與其跟一個倔女人爭吵,還不如對一塊石頭說話。
You might as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.
你勸我停止辯論,倒不如勸我拋棄一切財產。
78
句型寶典
You might as well ask the tree for help as request him to reduce the price.
你與其要他減價還不如求助於一棵樹。
... must have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+must have+過去分詞…
說明︰此句型意為“一定曾經…”。本<句型>是對過去之事做肯定之推測,而“must+原形<
動詞>”是對目前或將來之事做推測。
Anyway, he must have eaten a lot because now he is fat.
無論如何,他一定吃了很多東西,因為現在他胖了。
You must have mistaken her for her sister. 你一定是把她誤認為是她的姊妹了。
They must have left. 他們一定是離開了。
The rubbing must have worked. 搓揉一定是有效了。
They must have read the article. 他們一定讀過這篇文章。
You must have seen him before. 你以前一定見過他。
He must have forgotten my name. 他一定忘了我的名字。
He must have told you about it. 他一定告訴過你這件事。
Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake. 湯姆一定是弄錯了才拿了你的字典。
The poet must have been very young when he wrote this poem.詩人寫這首詩時一定非常年輕。
... may have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+may/might have+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“很可能曾經…”。表示對過去之事做不太肯定的推測。而“may/might+
原形<動詞>”是對現在或未來事物做推測。might have 所表示的可能性要比 may have 低一些。
He may have overslept this morning. 今天早上他或許睡過頭了。
The tea is hot; he may have been here before. 茶還熱著,不久前他很可能在這裡。
He may have known the truth; otherwise he wouldn’t be so angry now.
他當時很可能知道事情的真相,否則他不會這麼生氣。
The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.
這男孩當時也許知道真相,但我不很確定。
... cannot have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+cannot have+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“不可能曾經…”。是對過去之事做否定的推論,此時一定要用 cannot
have 或 cannot,不能使用 must not have 或 must not。而“cannot+原形<動詞>”是對目前或將
來之事做否定的推論。
She cannot have written the letter herself. 這封信不可能是她自己寫的。
He is honest, so he cannot have stolen my money.他是個老實人,所以他不可能偷了我的錢。
He cannot have caught a cold, because I saw him dancing with Mary the same day.
他不可能感冒,因為當天我還看到他跟瑪麗跳舞。
... would have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+would have+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“原本會…但卻未如此”。用以表示“與過去事實相反”的<假設語氣>。
He would have attended meeting, but upon learning that he had no time, he dropped the idea.
他原本要出席會議的,但知道沒有時間,就打消了這個念頭。
I would have told you the truth, but you didn’t give me a chance.
79
句型寶典
我本來要告訴你事情的真相,但是你不給我機會。
I would have done it, but I had no time. 我本來要辦這事的,可是沒時間。
She would have married him, but when she learned that he was a rascal, she parted with him.
她本來會嫁給他的,但知道他是個流氓後,她就離開他了。
... could have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+could have+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“原本能夠…但卻未如此”。
He could have bought the car, but soon his company went bankrupt.
他本來能買那輛車的,但沒多久他的公司就倒閉了。
He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.
他原本能按預定進度做完這件事的,但不知怎地卻落後了。
I could have done it if I had wanted to. 如果我那時想做,我能做得到的。
... should have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+should/ought to have+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“原本應當…但卻未如此”。此<句型>表示沒有實現之過去的行為、狀態,
含有講話者的責難或遺憾之意。
You should have spoken up in the meeting. 會談時你實在應該發言(然而你卻沒有)。
He should at least have come to say good-by. 他至少也該來道個別(然而卻沒來)。
He ought to have kept his promise. 他原本應該遵守自己的諾言。
You should have been more careful in money matters. 在錢方面,你本當更小心點的。
He ought to have arrived there by now. 他現在應該已經到那裡了。
The drama drew a capacity audience; you should have gone to see it.
這齣戲吸引了滿場觀眾;你真該去看的。
I should have known better
結構︰主詞+should have known better(than to+原形動詞)
說明︰此句型意為“本來不應該那樣笨(而…)”,是指已經做過之事,而 know better(不
致那樣笨)是指未做之事。
I should have known better. 我本來不應該那樣笨。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本應更懂事而不致說這樣的話。
You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本來不該笨得單獨去爬山。
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃過飯就去游泳。
... need not have V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+need not have+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“原本不必…但卻…”。表示“與過去事實相反”的<假設語氣>,即做了
沒有必要做的事。而“didn’t need to+原形<動詞>”則表示“過去的事實”,譯為“當時不必
…而且也沒…”。need not have 在<疑問句>中表對過去之必要性的強烈疑問,即“有…的必
要嗎?”。
You need not have bought extra oil for this short trip.在這麼短的旅程中,你實在沒有必要多買油。
You need not have got up so early. 你不必起得那麼早。
Need he have gone to the station to meet her? 他有必要到車站去接她嗎?
He need not have come. (But he came.) 當時他不必來。(但卻來了)
80
句型寶典
說明︰此句型意為“某人(物)自己…”。反身<代名詞>的人稱、數和性別,須和相關的<主
詞>一致。
They went to Suao by themselves. 他們自己去蘇澳。
John fixed the tape recorder by himself. 約翰靠他自己修理錄音機。
You can’t go mountain climbing by yourself. 你不能自己去登山。
... that/those of ...
結構︰that/those of 作為避免重複的代名詞
說明︰英文句構中,兩個<名詞>對稱而形成<比較>的情況時,為避免重複,第二個<名詞>
若為單數,就改為<代名詞> that;若為複數,則改為<代名詞> those。不過在遇到<所有格>時,
可使用<所有格>的<名詞>形態取代 that 或 those。
The population of Tokyo is larger than that of London. 東京的人口比倫敦的多。
The climate here is like that of Taipei. 這兒的氣候和台北非常相似。
His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty.
他的孩子很有教養,但他姊姊的孩子卻調皮得很。
The students work harder than those of our school. 這些學生比我們學校的學生用功。
His car is bigger than mine. 他的車比我的大。
the former ... the latter
結構︰the former ... the latter ...
說明︰此句型意為“前者…後者…”。可代替單複數<名詞>,而“that(指前者)… this(指
後者)…”或“the one(指前者)…the other(指後者)…”,只能代替單數<名詞>。若兩個
<名詞>均為複數時,也可用“those ... these ...”取代“the former ... the latter ...”。
Virtue and vice are two different things: the former/that/the one leads to peace, the latter/this/the
other to misery. 美德與邪惡是不同的,前者帶來和平,後者導致痛苦。
Man differs from beasts in that the former is able to laugh, while the latter aren’t.
人不同於野獸,因前者能笑,而後者卻不能。
Jane and Mary are good friends; the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse.
珍和瑪麗是好朋友,前者是老師,後者是護士。
Dogs are more faithful animals than cats; these attach themselves to places, and those to persons.
狗比貓忠心,後者依戀地方,前者依戀人。
... one ..., the other ...
結構︰…two+複數名詞,one…the other…
說明︰此句型意為“一個…另一個…”。用於限定的兩者,只有在“two+複數<名詞>”之後
才能使用。
I have two aunts; one lives in Tokyo and the other in Osaka.
我有兩個姑媽;一個住在東京,另一個住在大阪。
I have two dogs; one is white, and the other is brown.我有兩條狗;一條白色的,一條棕色的。
The two brothers often quarrel with each other; one is stubborn, and the other (is) selfish.
這兩兄弟經常吵架;一個很固執,另一個則很自私。
I don’t like this one; show me the other.
我不喜歡這個,給我看另一個。(暗示:這種東西只有兩種)
... one ..., another ...
結構︰…three+複數名詞,one…another…and the other…
83
句型寶典
說明︰此句型意為“一個…一個…而另一個…”。用於限定的三者,只能在“three+複數<名
詞>”之後使用。
There are three rooms; one is mine, another is my sister’s and the other is my parents’.
有三間房間:一間是我的,一間是我妹妹的,剩下的一間是我父母的。
He has three brothers; one is a teacher, another (is) a soldier, and the other an artist.
他有三個兄弟:一個是老師,一個是軍人,而另一個是藝術家。
They three get along well with one another; one is married, another is still a bachelor, and the
other has a girl friend.
他們三人彼此相處愉快;一個已婚,一個仍是光棍,而另一個則已有了女友。
... one ... another ...
結構︰... one ... another ...
說明︰此句型意為“一個…而另一個…”。若有三者以上,而未加以限定時,則可使用本<句
型>。
I don’t like this one; show me another.
我不喜歡這個,給我看另一個。(暗示:這種東西至少有三種以上)
At one time, she is fine, but at another, she is abnormal.
有時候,她表現得很好,有時候又失常。
I really don’t know what kind of man he really is; on one occasion, he is normal, and on another,
he acts like a lunatic.我真不了解他到底是怎樣的人;一會兒正常,一會兒又像個瘋子。
... one thing, ... another
結構︰... is one thing, and ... is another
說明︰此句型意為“…是一回事,而…又是另一回事”。
To know is one thing; to teach is quite another.
知道是一回事,教又是另一回事。(學者未必是良師。)
It is one thing to make money, and it is another to spend it.
賺錢是一回事,而花錢又是另一回事。
Saying is one thing, and doing is another. 說是一回事,做又是另一回事。
... one ... or another ...
結構︰one+名詞+or another
說明︰此句型意為“某一…”。本<句型>等於“some+<名詞>+or other”。
Most of us have to read a certain amount of material for one reason or another.
我們大多數人必須為某種理由閱讀若干的資料。
He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他為某種理由而沒有出席會議。
I am sure he will succeed one day or another. 我確信某一天他會成功的。
For one reason or another, she committed suicide. 不知什麼原因,她自殺了。
... some ... others ...
結構︰... some ... others ...
說明︰此句型意為“一些…而另一些…”。用於非限定的眾群,相當於“some ... some ...”。
Some of us value peace and comfort very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement.
我們有些人非常重視安寧與舒適,有些人重視快樂與刺激。
Some of us can speak English. Others/Some can speak French.
我們有些人會說英語,有些人會說法語。
84
句型寶典
結構︰…what+be+called…
說明︰此句型意為“所謂的…”。等於“what+we/you/they+call”。
He gathered earlier writings to prepare what are called the Five Classics.
他蒐集以前的作品,編成了所謂的五經。
He is very interested in what are called popular songs. 他對所謂的流行歌曲很感興趣。
We should improve what is called the quality of living.我們應該改進所謂的生活品質。
He is what you call a “walking dictionary”. 他就是你所謂的“活字典”。
What we do is + V ...
結構︰What+主詞+do+is+動詞…
說明︰此句型意為“…所要做的就是…”。<主詞>之後一定用 do;至於<動詞>,可以看成是
to+<動詞>的 to 被省略了。
What we can not do is make a cloud produce rain if it is not ready to produce it.
我們所辦不到的是要使雲產生雨,如果它不是隨時要產生雨的話。
What you have to do is say (put) in a good word for me.你所必須做的就是為我美言幾句。
What we need to do is prepare something to eat. 我們所需要的就是準備一些吃的。
... what is said above ...
結構︰…what is said above…
說明︰此句型意為“上面所說的”。
As we learn from what is said above, the tides can be very useful.
依照上面所說的,我們知道潮汐可以是非常有幫助的。
From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion. 由上面所說的,我們可以做一個結論。
We should pay more attention to what is said above. 我們應該更加注意上面所說的。
What follows is ...
結構︰What follows+be 動詞…
說明︰此句型意為“以下(跟著來的)是…”。What follows 是<名詞子句>。若要表達其他的
意思,可以把 follows 換成別的<動詞>。
What follows is some excerpts of the famous speech he delivered in Washington D.C.
以下是他在華府所發表的那篇著名的演講中的一些摘錄。
What follows is the truth that men are created equal. 以下是人生而平等的真理。
What follows is the process of his being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
以下是他被頒贈一九六四年諾貝爾和平獎的過程。
... what little + N
結構︰…what little+不可數名詞
說明︰此句型意為“所有的一點點…”。等於 all the little。
His mother sent him what little money she had saved.他的母親把所有僅存的錢都寄給他了。
I’ll let you share what little information I have collected.
我會讓你分享我所蒐集的僅有的一些資料。
She was robbed of what little money she had. 她僅有的一點兒錢都被搶了。
The little boy use what little strength he had to push the door open.這小男孩使勁地把門推開。
A is to B what C is to D.
結構︰A is to B what C is to D.
說明︰此句型意為“A 之於 B 猶如 C 之於 D”。等於“A is to B as C is to D.”或“What C is to
88
句型寶典
(不加 s 或 es),即構成<否定句>。
I don’t have any brothers. 我沒有任何的兄弟。
He doesn’t know Mr. Brown. 他不認識布朗先生。
My mother doesn’t speak English. 我母親不會講英語。
I wasn’t ...
結構︰主詞+was/were+not+形容詞+過去時間。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>不是…”。was,were 是 be 動詞的<過去式>,當句中出現以下<
副詞>(<片語>)時,<動詞>常用過去式:
ago,before,yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening), last night,the other day,in the
past,just now…。 在 was,were 後面加 not,即構成 be <動詞>過去式的<否定句>;將
was,were 移到句首,w 改為大寫,句點改為問號,即構成 be <動詞>過去式的<疑問句>。
Tom was not busy yesterday. 湯姆昨天不忙。
We were not at home yesterday. 我們昨天不在家。
It was not hot yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午天氣不熱。
The boys were sick yesterday. 這些男孩昨天生病。
It was cold last winter. 去年冬天天氣寒冷。
Was your brother early to class yesterday morning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上課早到嗎?
I didn’t + V ...
結構︰主詞+didn’t+原形動詞+…過去時間。
說明︰本句型的肯定形式是:“<主詞>+過去式(+ed)+…過去時間”;將肯定句中的過
去式改為“did not(=didn’t)+原形<動詞>”,即構成過去式的<否定句>。
He didn’t clean the room yesterday. 他昨天沒打掃房間。
She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗這裙子。
Tom didn’t watch TV last night. 湯姆昨晚沒看電視。
He talked to his sister after lunch. 午餐後,他跟他的妹妹談話。
They didn’t cook lunch for their grandfather yesterday.他們昨天沒有為他們的祖父做午飯。
Mary cleaned the room this morning. 瑪麗今天早晨打掃了房間。
John didn’t get up early this morning. 約翰今天早晨沒有早起床。
Tom didn’t iron his shirt yesterday. 湯姆昨天沒有熨襯衣。
My mother didn’t water the garden last week. 我母親上星期沒有給花園裡澆水。
I have not + V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+have/has+not+過去分詞+…。
說明︰在<助動詞> have(has)的後面加“not”形成<現在完成式>的否定式。
I have not heard from John for a long time. 我好久沒有收到約翰的來信了。
She has not read today’s newspaper. 她還沒有看今天的報紙。
They have not seen that movie on television. 他們還沒看過電視上的那部影片。
There is no + N/V-ing ...
結構︰There+be+no/not a/not any+名詞/動名詞(+副詞)
說明︰這是表示存在的<否定句>型。否定詞用 no,也可用 not a 或 not any。not a 後面跟單數<
名詞>;not any 跟複數<名詞>;no 後面的<名詞>單複數都可以。其中以 not a 所表示的否定<
語氣>較強。如果帶有各種<副詞>,通常是地點<副詞>置於<時間副詞>的前面。
There was nothing to buy in the store. There were no shirts, no vests, no jeans, and no pajamas.
93
句型寶典
那家商店裡沒什麼可買的。那裡沒有襯衫,沒有背心,沒有牛仔褲,也沒有睡衣。
There was not a moment to be lost. 分秒必爭。
There is no denying the fact. 事實決不能否認。
(There must be) No talking in here! 這兒不許講話。
No smoking (within these walls)! (場內)禁煙!
There is no such + N
結構︰There is no such+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“沒有這樣的…”。
There was no such club. 沒有這樣的俱樂部。
There is no such man in our neighborhood. 在我們的鄰近沒有這樣的人。
There is no such book as you want. 沒有像你所要的這種書。
I am away from ...
結構︰用肯定的陳述句形式來表達否定意義
說明︰這主要是通過某些含有否定意義的詞彙來表示,如:off,out of,far from,away
from, refuse 等,以及含有否定意義的詞綴的詞彙,如:dislike,unhappy,impossible 等。
Mr. Jones is away from Taipei. 瓊斯先生已不在台北。
The project is far from perfect. 這項企劃很不完美。
The manager is out of the office. 經理不在辦公室。
They shun personal fame and gains.他們不計個人名利。(shun 原義為“避開”,引伸為“不要”)
I dislike this student very much. 我頂討厭這個學生。
... far from ...
結構︰... far from ...
說明︰表“離…很遠”,後面接<名詞>做<受詞>;但 far from 可置於句首做<介系詞>,表
“非但不…”,以<動名詞>做<受詞>;若置於 be <動詞>之後,則視為<副詞>,表“一點也
不”,後面接<名詞>或<形容詞>。
It is far from my intention to do such a thing. 我根本不想做這種事。
I live far away from my school. 我住的地方離學校很遠。
Far from working hard, he played around. 他非但不用功,反而到處鬼混。
Far from accepting my advice, he went back on me.他非但不接受我的勸告,反而背叛了我。
His explanation was far from satisfactory. 他的解釋一點也不令人滿意。
I am far from blaming him. 我並不是在責備他。
Far from losing money, he can hardly count his profits.
他哪裡是在賠錢,他幾乎無法計算其利潤呢!
He is far from well. 他並不健康。
It is far from the truth. 這哪裡是事實。
It is free form + N ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+free from+名詞…
說明︰此句型意為“沒有…”。本<片語>須置於 be <動詞>之後,等於 without,以<名詞>做
其<受詞>。
He leads a life (which is) free from care. 他過著無憂無慮的生活。
The hill is completely free from trees. 這個山丘上一棵樹也沒有。
This city is free from thieves. 這個城市沒有盜賊。
94
句型寶典
When her son returned she was at last free from anxiety.她兒子回來了,她總算解除了憂慮。
I told him not to go.
結構︰…not+非述語成分
說明︰本<句型>的述語是肯定形式,not 加在句中其他成分上,可以否定<主詞>、<受詞>或<
副詞>。 not 用以否定非述語成分,主要是用在兩種情形:一是不這樣安排 not,就會改變句
子的意義;二是用於含有對比的敘述中。
I told him not to go. 我告訴了他,叫他不要去。
He goes to school not by bus, but on foot. 他去上學不是乘公共汽車,而是走路去的。
Not a contract was to be signed. 連一個合同也沒簽。
The teacher told him not to make such a mistake again. 老師叫他不要再犯這樣的錯誤。
I went to see my friend off, not to meet him. 我是去送朋友,不是去接他。
He felt sorry for not coming to the meeting on time. 他為沒有準時到會感到很抱歉。
No + N + V ...
結構︰No+單數名詞+肯定式動詞…
說明︰此句型意為“沒有一…”。此<句型>“No+<名詞>”的 No 是“Not a(沒有一個)”之
意,有時“No+<名詞>”是“No+other+<名詞>”之意。
No animal of the horoscope is considered dumb or ugly or evil.
天宮圖上的動物沒有一種被認為是愚笨的或醜陋的或邪惡的。
No student in this school is from the southern part of Taiwan.
這個學校沒有一個學生是來自南台灣的。
No grammar book is more popular than this one with senior high school students.
沒有(別的)一本文法書比這一本更受高中生的歡迎。
I don’t think ...
結構︰主詞+否定式動詞+副詞/that-子句
說明︰如果否定的是後面的<副詞>或<子句>,通常是將否定詞提前移到述語中去,其意義
仍然是表示否定後面的部分。像 I think,I believe,I suppose,I feel,I see 等詞語引出否定的
<子句>時,大多是將 not 放在述語<動詞>部分。在口語中,尤其是這樣。
I don’t think it’s right to make such a hasty decision.我認為如此倉促地做出決定是不正確的。
I don’t think this is worth trying. 我看這是不值得一試的。
Many people don’t think it is dangerous to go mountain climbing.很多人認為爬山並不危險。
I still don’t see the point you emphasized. 我仍然弄不清楚你所強調的要點。
I don’t see any point of playing video games all day.我看不出整天打電動玩具有什麼意義。
I don’t believe that he will come tonight. 我認為他今晚不會來。
I’m not feeling very well today, I can’t attend the meeting.
我今天感到不怎麼舒服,我不能參加會議了。
He did not come here in order to attend the meeting. 他來這裡決不是要參加會議的。
All is not ...
結構︰all/both/every…+not…
說明︰此句型意為“並非一切…都是”。含有全體意義的<代名詞>和<副詞>如 all,every
(及其派生詞), both,always,altogether,entirely,wholly 等,用於否定結構時不是表示
全部被否定,而只表示其中的一部分被否定。也可將 not 置於 all,every 等詞的前面。
All is not gold that glitters. (=All that glitters is not gold.) 閃閃發光者並非都是金子。
95
句型寶典
All + V + un...
結構︰all/both/every 等+肯定式動詞+含否定意義的單詞…
說明︰此句型意為“一切…都不”。all,every 等詞在本句型中表示全部否定,其否定意義不
是通過述語 <動詞>,而是通過句子其他成分中含有否定意義的單詞表達出來的。
All goods here are unsaleable. 這裡的一切貨物都是賣不出去的。
All his plan came to nothing. 他的一切計劃都沒有實現。
Every selling plan made by him is impossible of execution.
他所做的一切銷售計畫都是不能實現的。
We all disbelieved what he promised. 對於他的許諾我們全都不相信。
Their quarrels about the trivia are always interminable. 他們對瑣事的爭吵總是沒完沒了。
... not ..., neither ...
結構︰(前句)否定句,+(後句)nor/neither+肯定式動詞+主詞…
說明︰後句是補充的否定,因為以 no,neither 開頭,所以要採用倒裝句構。
She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her.
她沒有打字經驗,那種技術也引不起她的興趣。
You can’t cancel the contract, nor can I, nor can anybody else.
你不能撤約,我也不能,任何人都不能。
The first isn’t good, and neither is the second. 第一個不是好的,第二個也不好。
You did not see the teacher, neither did I. 你沒有看見老師,我也沒有。
... not ... still ...
結構︰主詞+否定式動詞…+much less/still less+名詞片語/子句
說明︰much less 或 still less 引導的<片語>或<子句>,表示一種追加的否定。less 是由 little 的
否定意義而來的,所以只能用於<否定句>,一般譯做“更無;更不”。
She cannot buy daily necessities, much less luxuries.
她連生活必需品都不能買,更不用說奢侈品。
He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon.他連一哩都跑不了,更不用說馬拉松了。
I did not even see him, still less talk with him.我看也沒看見他,更不用說跟他談過話了。
..., to say nothing of ...
結構︰主詞+否定式動詞…;+to say nothing of+名詞(子句)
說明︰此句型意為“更不用說;更不待言”。to say nothing of 可用 not to speak of,not to
mention 等代替。
He does not know English, to say nothing of German or French.
他不懂英文,更不要說德文和法文了。
At that time they could not produce ordinary garments, not to speak of high-grade ones.
那時他們連普通衣服都不能生產,更不要說高級的了。
We can’t afford a car, not to mention the fact that we have no garage.
我們買不起汽車,沒有車庫的事就更不必說了。
It hardly/scarcely + V ...
結構︰主詞+hardly/scarcely+動詞…
說明︰此句型意為“…幾乎不…”。這是通過 hardly 等半否定詞表示的<否定句>。此類半否
定詞還有: scarcely,seldom,little,few,rarely 等。
It hardly (scarcely) matters. 沒有什麼關係。
97
句型寶典
他沒有一次到書店而不買一些書。
They never met without smiling at each other. 他們每一次相遇都彼此微笑。
I never speak English without making mistakes. 我沒有一次說英語而不犯錯的。
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
沒有一件偉大的事情可以達成而沒有熱誠。
No gains without pains. 不勞則無獲。
No one can succeed without working hard. 沒有人能夠成功而不努力。
No one can live without breathing. 沒有一個人可以不呼吸而生存。
No prisoner escaped from the prison without being seen.
沒有一個囚犯逃離這個監獄而不被看到。
never ... but ...
結構︰never…+but+主詞+動詞
說明︰此句型意為“每…必然…”。but 在此是<連接詞>,引導<副詞子句>。本句構的 but 相
當於 if…not…。
It never rains but it pours. 一下雨就傾盆而降--禍不單行。
I never look at the stars but I think how little I am.我每次看星星必然會想自己是多麼渺小。
She never reads a book but she goes to sleep. 她一看書就想睡覺。
He never goes on a vacation but he takes his pet dog. 他每次度假都會帶他的狗去。
I never see him but I am happy. 我看到他就高興。
He never goes out but he drops in at that bookstore.
他每次外出都會順道去那家書店待一會兒。
I never fail to + V ...
結構︰主詞+never fail to+原形動詞
說明︰此句型意為“必定會…;一定會…”。fail 因包含“失敗”的否定意義,故也屬雙重否
定。
She never fails to write to her parents every month. 她每個月一定寫信給她的父母親。
He never failed to send the ambassador a report each week. 他每個禮拜必送報告給大使。
A good teacher never fails to try his best to answer his students.
一個好老師總是盡力為學生解答。
He is eloquent and humorous as well. What he says never fails to please us.
他口才好又幽默,他所說的一定能使我們高興。
I cannot but + V ...
結構︰主詞+cannot+but/choose but/help but+原形動詞
說明︰此句型意為“不得不…”。but 後只能跟原形<動詞>。
I cannot but admire his wise plan. 我不得不讚美他的計劃。
They cannot (choose) but admit that our requirement is reasonable.
他們不得不承認我們的要求是合理的。
I could not (help) but laugh. 我不禁笑出來。
It is not uncommon for ...
結構︰It is not uncommon for+名詞+to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為“…並非不常見”。not uncommon 是雙重否定,表肯定。it 是虛<主詞>。
It is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room.
99
句型寶典
父母把新生兒放在分隔的房間並非不常見。
It is not uncommon for women to smoke in public. 婦女在大眾面前抽煙並非不常見。
It is not uncommon for people to jaywalk. 人們任意穿越馬路並非不常見。
I am anything but ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+anything but+名詞/形容詞…
說明︰此句型意為“絕非…”。等於 far from。後面跟<名詞>或<形容詞>做 be <動詞>的<補語
>。
He is anything but a scholar. 他絕非學者。
He is anything but diligent. 他一點也不勤奮。
The man was anything but rich. 這人絕不是個富翁。
He was anything but a hero. 他絕不是一個英雄。
It is anything but complete. 這並未完成。
Climbing Mt. Everest is anything but a pleasure trip. 登聖母峰絕不是一次輕鬆的旅途。
His visit to Paris was anything but a success. 他的巴黎之行根本不成功。
I am in no way ...
結構︰主詞+動詞+含否定意義的片語(in no way/by no means 等)…
說明︰此類<片語>有 in no way,by no means,in no wise,on no account 等,譯為“決不;
毫不”。如因強調而置於句首,則要採用倒裝句構。
I am in no way to blame. 我一點也沒錯。
It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要滿足每一個人絕非易事。
He will in no wise give up any chances to get a better job.
他不會放棄任何機會以獲得一份好工作。
On no account (do you) forget to lock the door. 千萬別忘了鎖門。
I am not in the least ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+not+in the least…
說明︰此句型意為“一點也不…”。
I am not in the least tired. 我一點也不疲倦。
He is not in the least kind. 他心腸一點都不好。
I was not surprised in the least. 我一點也不感到驚訝。
The shop assistant was not in the least afraid of the trouble. 那店員一點也不怕麻煩。
I am no + N ...
結構︰... no+名詞…
說明︰no 通常當形容詞,後面須接名詞;no 的後面不可緊接 a,an,any,many,much 等字。
We feel that life is no laughing matter. 我們覺得人生絕非是開玩笑的事情。
Mr. Chen used no (didn’t use any) chemicals on his fruit. 陳先生的水果不使用農藥。
Tony used no reference books in class. 托尼上課時不使用參考書。
It is no joke. 這絕非是開玩笑。
This is no fact. 這絕非是事實。
That’s no lie! 那絕不是謊話!
He is no writer. 他絕不是作家。
Tom is no coward. 湯姆絕不是懦夫。
no + N + in the world ...
100
句型寶典
這本書太難而不適合大多數的高中生。
Servings in restaurants are too large for many people.
餐廳裡端出來的食物對許多人來說量是太多了。
The skirt is too long for you. 這條裙子對你來說是太長了。
This room is too large for us. 對我們而言,這間屋子太大了。
He is too tired to walk anymore. 他累得再也走不動了。
She walked too slowly to catch up with us. 她走得太慢,跟不上我們。
... no exception ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+no exception
說明︰此句型意為“…也不例外”。
Almost every language in the world has dialects and American English is no exception.
世界上幾乎每種語言都有方言,美國話也不例外。
The poor need love and the rich are no exception. 貧窮的人需要愛,有錢的人也不例外。
Plants can not live without the sun and animals are no exception.
植物沒有太陽不能活,動物也不例外。
I have no idea ...
結構︰主詞+have no idea…
說明︰此句型意為“不知道…”。
We have no idea how the birds find their way. 我們不知道這些鳥如何找到它們的路。
I have no idea why he resigned his post. 我不知道他為何辭去他的職務。
We have no idea how to persuade him to give up the idea.
我們不知道如何說服他放棄這個念頭。
I care nothing about ...
結構︰主詞+care nothing about…
說明︰此句型意為“一點也不關心…;毫不在乎…”。
My friends were all boys who cared nothing about studying.
我的朋友都是男生,他們一點也不關心讀書。
Do you really care nothing about your future? 你真的一點也不關心你的將來?
I cared nothing about what they said of me. 我毫不在乎他們對我怎麼說。
I do not care what ...
結構︰主詞+do not care+疑問詞(what/whether/…)+主詞+動詞
說明︰此句型意為“…不在乎…”。
He does not care whether he wins or loses. 他不在乎是否他贏或輸。
I do not care what you will say about me. 我不在乎你們會說我什麼。
She does not care whether you like her or not. 她不在乎你是否喜歡她。
I can’t bear to ...
結構︰主詞+can’t bear+to-不定詞/動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“忍受不了/不忍…”。bear 後可跟<不定詞>或<動名詞>。
His suspense became so great that he couldn’t bear to look out the window.
他的疑慮變得這樣大,所以他忍受不了往窗外看。
I can’t bear to see him treated like that. 我不忍見到他受到那樣的對待。
I can’t bear being called “Fool”. 我忍受不了被叫做“傻瓜”。
102
句型寶典
..., so ...
結構︰前句,+so/therefore/thus/hence+後句
說明︰此句型意為“…所以…”。so 是正式的<連接詞>,其他都是<副詞>作<連接詞>用。
He is ill, so he cannot attend the negotiation. 他病了,所以他不能來參加談判。
He was very tired, and therefore he didn’t give the market report.
他非常疲倦,所以沒能作市場報告。
It was already rather late, thus we decide to urge the customer.
已經相當晚了,所以我們決定催促客戶。
... and/or/or else ...
結構︰祈使句+and/or/or else…
說明︰and 譯成“那麼”,用於表一致的概念;or 譯成“否則”,用於表相反的概念。“命
令句+ and”等於“If ...”,意為“得…,這麼一來才能…”;“命令句+or”等於“Unless
...”,意為“得…要不然…”;or 也可用 or else 取代。
Study hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 要用功,那麼你才會考及格。
Study hard, or you’ll fail (in) the exam. 要用功,否則你會考不及格。
Make haste, and you’ll be in time for class. 動作快一點,你才趕得及上課。
Make haste, or you’ll miss the first train. 快一點,要不然就趕不上第一班火車了。
Stop smoking now, or else your health will be ruined.別再抽煙了,否則你會毀了自己的健康。
one more N, and ...
結構︰數量名詞(one,two,three…)+more+名詞,+and…
說明︰此句型意為“再…,就…”。and 連接<主要子句>。
One more effort, and you will get to the top. 再加點油,你就可以到達頂端了。
Two more days, and I can finish the work. 再過兩天,我就能完成這份工作。
One more step, and you’ll be killed. 再走一步,你就會沒命。
A few more days, and the company will be on the verge of bankruptcy.
再過幾天,這家公司就將瀕臨破產的邊緣。
There be N and N
結構︰There+be+名詞+and+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“有各色各樣的…”。<名詞>通常用複數。
There’s always weather and weather. 老是有各種各樣的天氣。
There are men and men. 有各式各樣的男人。
There are actors and actors. 有各式各樣的演員。
A + be ..., and B ...
結構︰主詞 1+be+…,and+主詞 2+(be)…
說明︰<主詞>2 之後的 be <動詞>往往省略。
There midnight’s all a glimmer and noon (is) a purple glow.
那兒午夜浮光微搖,中午紫光爭耀。
His critics are many and his admirers (are) few. 他的批評者多,而讚美者少。
The girls are skating and the boys (are) watching. 這些女孩在溜冰,而這些男孩在觀看。
It is true ..., but ...
結構︰It is true that…,but…
說明︰此句型意為“…是事實,但…”。but 前後所連接的部分或<子句>意義相反或成為對
105
句型寶典
瑪麗不但清掃房間而且也洗刷窗子。
The hamburger not only smells good but (also) tastes delicious.
這只漢堡包不但氣味好聞而且味道好吃。
He is famous not only for his talent but (also) for his kindness.
他不僅以才能出名,而且是出名的好心。
Not only you but (also) I am to blame. 不僅你,連我都要受責難。
Not only did the dog bark at him, but (it) bit him. 這隻狗不但對他吠叫,而且咬了他。
Not only is she beautiful, but she is (also) kind. 她不僅漂亮,而且善良。
His job is not only to dispose of problems but (also) to meet unexpected challenges.
他的工作不僅要處理難題而且也要應付突來的挑戰。
either ... or ...
結構︰either ... or ...
說明︰此句型意為“要不…就是…”。可連接對等的單字、<片語>或<子句>;連接<主詞>時,
<動詞>要隨最近的 <主詞>做變化。
Can you speak either English or French? 你會說英語或法語嗎?
Either you or he has made the mistake. 不是你,就是他弄錯了。
Either he or I am to blame. 不是他就是我該受責備。
Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你錯,就是我錯了。
Either your answer or mine is wrong. 不是你的答案錯了,就是我的錯了。
Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.我們或是尋求供貨,或者自己製造。
Tom is going to buy either a guitar or a piano.湯母不是要買一把吉他就是要買一架鋼琴。
neither ... nor ...
結構︰neither ... nor ...
說明︰此句型意為“既非…也非…”。可連接對等的單字、<片語>或<子句>;連接<主詞>時,
<動詞>要隨最近的 <主詞>做變化。
Neither he nor I was able to understand her. 既不是我也不是他能夠了解她。
Neither you nor I am wrong. 你也好,我也好,都沒錯。
In my opinion, neither you nor he has met the standard.在我看來,你跟他都沒有達到標準。
I neither expressed surprise at the price nor attempted to accept it.
我對於這個價格既沒有表示驚異,也沒想接受。
We are going to play neither basketball nor volleyball.我們既不將打籃球也不將打排球。
both ... and ...
結構︰both ... and ...
說明︰此句型意為“二者皆;和”。這是對等<連接詞片語>,可連接對等的單字、<片語>和<
子句>;若連接<主詞>時,<動詞>一定為複數形。
I work both on sunny days and on rainy ones. 我風雨無阻地工作。
That actress is both skillful and beautiful. 那位女演員演技精湛又長得漂亮。
He is known both as a painter and as a statesman. 他是知名的畫家及政治家。
He succeeded both because he was industrious and because he had many friends to help him.
他的成功是由於勤勉和許多朋友的幫助。
Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他對結果都很滿意。
Helen ordered both fried chicken and salad in the fast-food restaurant.
108
句型寶典
海倫在快餐店裡點了炸雞和色拉。
... as well as ...
結構︰... as well as ...
說明︰此句型意為“既…又…”。這是對等<連接詞片語>,可連接對等的單字、<片語>和<子
句>;若連接<主詞>時,<動詞>要跟著第一個<主詞>做變化。
She can speak Japanese as well as English. 她會說日語和英語。
Obviously he is interested in music as well as (in) painting.顯然他對音樂和繪畫都有興趣。
He succeeded because he was industrious as well as because he had many friends to help him.
他的成功是由於勤勉和許多朋友的幫助。
He as well as I is satisfied with the result. 他和我都滿意這樣的結果。
... as well.
結構︰主詞+動詞…as well
說明︰此句型意為“…也是…”。as well 一般置於句尾。
Often life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well.
大都市外面的生活步調往往是緩慢得多,這在其他國家也是真的那樣。
She is not only good at mathematics, but she is interested in English as well.
她不但擅長數學,而且對英語也感到興趣。
Tom is very unfriendly to me as well. 湯姆對我也很不友善。
as soon as ...
結構︰as soon as ...
說明︰此句型意為“一…就…”。為<副詞><連接詞>,引導<副詞子句>,修飾<主要子句>。
等於“no sooner ... than ...”或“hardly/scarcely…when/before…”。
As soon as she arrived in the city, she phoned her friend.
她一到這個城市,就給她的朋友打電話。
As soon as I have time, I will call you up. 我一有空,就會打電話給你。
Tell me as soon as you have finished. 你一完成就告訴我。
no sooner ... than ...
結構︰no sooner ... than ...
說明︰此句型意為“一…就…”。為<副詞><連接詞>,引導,<副詞子句>,修飾<主要子句>。
no sooner 為<否定副詞>,置於句首時,<主詞>與<助動詞>必須倒裝。
He had no sooner come than she left. 他一來,她就離開。
No sooner had I left the shop than a man came to me and asked me if my name was Peter.
我一離開商店,就有一位男士向我走來,問我是不是叫彼得。
No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick. 他剛抵達就病倒了。
I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. 我剛走到外面就開始下雨了。
hardly ... when ...
結構︰hardly/scarcely ... when/before ...
說明︰此句型意為“一…就…”。為<副詞><連接詞>,引導<副詞子句>,修飾<主要子句>。
hardly ,scarcely 為<否定副詞>,置於句首時,<主詞>與<助動詞>必須倒裝。
John had hardly opened the door when his guests arrived. 約翰剛打開門他的客人就到了。
Scarcely had I washed the car before the sky rumbled with thunder.
我剛洗車天空就打雷了。
109
句型寶典
比賽是如此令人興奮,以致我把即將來臨的期末考忘得一乾二淨。
so many/few ... that ...
結構︰so many/few+複數名詞+that…
說明︰此句型意為“如此多/少的…以致…”。若是不可數名詞,則用“so much/little+不
可數名詞+that…”。此為表示因果關係的<連接詞片語>,引導<副詞子句>。so 可修飾表數量
的<形容詞> many,much,few,little。so 所引導的詞類置於句首時,要採用倒裝句構。
I have so much work to do that I can’t go out with you.
我有這麼多工作要做,因此不能和你出去。
So many languages can he speak that he should have no problem traveling around the world.
他會說這麼多種語言,因此環遊世界毫無問題。
There is so little time left that I don’t think I can finish it as scheduled.
剩下這麼少的時間,我想我不能按時完成。
He has so few friends that his life is lonely. 他的朋友很少,因此他的生活非常孤單。
such ... that ...
結構︰such+名詞+that…
說明︰此句型意為“如此…以致…”。此為表示因果關係的<連接詞片語>,引導<副詞子句>。
such 之後可接任何<名詞>。such 所引導的詞類置於句首時,要採用倒裝句構。
Do not think that Americans are in such a hurry that they are unfriendly.
不要認為美國人如此匆忙是不友善的。
He always talks in such a way that everyone dislikes him.
他總是用這樣得方式說話,所以每個人都討厭他。
He was such an impatient driver (=He was so impatient a driver) that he went through the red
light. 他是這樣沒有耐心的司機,所以他闖紅燈了。
Such a good article did he write that he won the award.他的這篇文章寫得這麼好,因此獲獎。
They are such good boys that we like them. 他們是這麼好的男孩,所以我們都喜歡他們。
It is such good music that I enjoy it. 這麼好的音樂我喜歡。
as much so as N
結構︰as much so as+名詞
說明︰此句型意為“…像…一樣”。
I am poor - as much so as a church mouse. 我窮得像教堂的老鼠。
She is lovely - as much so as an angel. 她可愛得像個天使。
The price of this gem is expensive - as much so as astronomical figures.
這個寶石的價格十分昂貴--簡直是個天文數字。
so much so that ...
結構︰so much so that+主詞+動詞
說明︰此句型意為“如此…所以…”。第一個 so 是“如此地”,第二個 so 是<代名詞>,代
表前面提過的某一個觀念。
Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today - so much so
that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered extraordinary. 當今用手做東西,在許多國
家已經成為很特殊--如此地特殊,以致贈送自製禮物有時被認為是不尋常的。
He is rich-so much so that he can buy anything he wants.
他有錢--如此有錢。所以他可以買任何他要的東西。
112
句型寶典
結構︰副詞(動詞)+as+主詞+動詞,(yet)…
說明︰此句型意為“雖然…,但是…”。等於“though+<主詞>+<動詞>(+<副詞>)”。
Hard as he worked (=Though he worked hard), he failed in the exam.
雖然他很用功,考試仍失敗了。
Much as she loved him (=Though she loved him very much), he deserted her in the long run.
雖然她很愛他,但最後他仍拋棄了她。
Much as the sheep look alike, the old man can tell one from another.
雖然綿羊看起來很相像,但那位老人仍能一一區別。
Much as I like her, I won’t marry her. 我雖然很喜歡她,卻不打算娶她。
Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant. 雖然他功課很好,卻一點都不傲慢。
Much as we may take pride on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose things (that) we want.雖然
我們對我們高尚的品味感到非常得意,我們卻不再能自由地去選擇我們所要的東西。
Much as I hope I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as before.
雖然我非常希望增加體重,但我仍然像以前一樣的瘦。
Fast as you do, you can’t finish the assignment in two hours.
儘管你做得快,總也不能在兩小時內將功課做完。
Search as I would, I could not find the book. 無論我怎麼找,也沒有找到書。
Try as you might, you can’t keep the lost time. 不管你怎麼努力,失去的時間無法趕上。
Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements.
他雖然啃著蘋果,但卻很留神地監視著她的每一個動作。
Good student as he is, ...
結構︰名詞+as+主詞+be 動詞,…
說明︰此句型意為“雖然…,但是…”。等於“though+<主詞>+be <動詞>+<名詞>”。若 be
<動詞>之後的<名詞>是單數,移至句首後<冠詞>要省略。
Good students as they were (=Though they were good students), they sometimes erred.
雖然他們是好學生,偶而也會犯錯。
Good student as he is (=Though he is a good student), he sometimes makes mistakes.
雖然他是好學生,偶而也會犯錯。
Coward as he is (=Though he is a coward), he can’t bear such an insult.
雖然他是懦夫,卻無法忍受這樣的侮辱。
Try as you may, ...
結構︰原形動詞+as/though+主詞+may,…
說明︰此句型意為“雖然…,但是…”。等於“though+<主詞>+may+原形<動詞>”;此類
變化僅限於句中有<助動詞> may 時。
Try as he may (=Though he may try), he will definitely fail.
雖然他會嘗試去做,但無疑他必失敗。
Try as she may, she is not necessarily able to talk him out of smoking.
雖然她會嘗試,卻未必能說服他戒煙。
Try as you may, you will find it impossible to solve the problem.
雖然你會嘗試,但你會發現要解決這個問題是不可能的。
whether ... or ...
結構︰whether ... or ...
114
句型寶典
118