Serie de sincronas semestre 2013-2 16.- A 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 37.

3 kW star-connected synchronous motor has a full-load efficiency of 88%. The synchronous impedance of the motor is (0.2 + j1.6) per phase. If the excitation of the motor is adjusted to give a leading p.f. of 0.9 calculate for full-load: i) The inducted e.m.f. [495 V line value] ii) The total mechanical power developed [39.3 kW] 17.- The input to a 1100 V, 3-phase star connected synchronous motor is 60 A. the effective resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are respectively 1 and 30 . Find the power supplied to the motor and the inductance e.m.f. for p.f. of 0.8 leading. [913 kW, 13090 V] 18.- A 3-phase, 2200 V synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 10 /phase and negligible resistance when the input is 90 kW and p.f. is 0.8 leading. Estimate the current and power factor when the input to the motor is increased to 495 kW. Assume that the motor works at constant voltage and constant current. [135.6 A, 0.957 (lead)]

Synchronous Condensers 19.- A 500 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase circuit takes 20 at a lagging p.f. of 0.8. A synchronous motor is used to raise the power factor to unity. Calculate the kVA input to the motor, and its power factor when driving a mechanical load of 7.355 kW (10 h.p.). The motor has an efficiency of 85%. [13.523 kVA, 0.64 (lead)] 20.- An alternator supplying 800 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging has its power factor raised to unity by means of an overexcited synchronous motor. With the armature current unchanged, how much power can the alternator thus supply to the synchronous motor and what power in kW can the latter develop when operating at an efficiency of 90%. Find at what power factor synchronous motor runs. [200 kW, 180 kW] 21.- A substation operating at its full-load of 1000 kVA supplies a load at 0.71 power factor lagging. Calculate the permissible additional load at this power factor and the rating of synchronous condenser to raise the substation power factor to 0.8 lagging. [ 225.35 kVA, 370 kVAR] 22.- An industrial load of 4000 kW is supplied at 11000 volts, the power factor being 0.8 lagging. A synchronous motor is required to meet an additional load of 1103.25 kW (1500 h.p.) and at the same time raise the resultant power factor to 0.95 lagging. Determinate the kVA capacity of the motor and the power factor at which it must operate. The efficiency of the motor is 80%. [1850 kVA, 0.746 (leading)]. 19.- Two similar 3 phase, 6.6 kV star connected alternators running in parallel supply a load of 4000 kW at p.f. 0.8 lag. The synchronous impedance per phase for the first machine is 0.6 + j 10 and for the second machine is 0.5 + j 12.0 The total load is shared equally between the tow machines. Without changing their driving torques the excitation of first alternator is adjusted so that it delivers 200 A at a lagging p.f. Determinate the current delivered by the second alternator. Also calculate the power factor, load angle and excitation voltage for each alternator. *I2= 240A, I1= 199.91A, cos2= 0.726 lag, cos1= 0.874 lag, 2= 19, 1= 18.9, E2= 6.21 kV, E1= 5.15 kV+ 19.- A 400 V, 3 phase, delta connected synchronous motor has negligible resistance and a synchronous reactance of 10 per phase. At a certain load, the motor works with an induced e.m.f. of 560 V and draws a power of 3.6 kW. Find the line current and the power factor. [0.1851 lead, 28.058 A] 20.- A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 2000 V, synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 10.0 ohms per phase and negligible armature resistance. The motor delivers a power of 120 kW and the efficiency is 88%. If the torque angle is 12 electrical, determinate the back e.m.f. of the motor. Assume that the armature windings star connected. [1.893 kV] 21.- A current taken by a 3 phase star connected 11 kV synchronous motor is 50 A. its armature resistance and synchronous reactance are 1 ohm/phase and 30 ohm/phase respectively. Find the power supplied to the motor and induce e.m.f. for a power factor of 0.8 leading. [762.102 kW, 12.669 kV line]. 22.- A three-phase, 6.6 kV, 50 Hz, star connected synchronous motor takes a current of 50 A. The resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are 1.0 ohms and 20.0 ohms respectively. Find: i) The power input. ii) The induced e.f.m. of the motor when the power factor ir 0.8 leading. Draw the phasor diagram. [457.261 kW, 448.486 V]

23.- A 20 kVA, 400 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase star connected synchronous motor has effective resistance and synchronous reactance per phase of 0.16 ohms and 1.28 ohms respectively. Determinate the e.m.f. induced at i) 0.78 p.f. lagging and ii) 0.78 p.f. leading. [205.85 V, 252.451 V] 24.- A 3-phase, 6.6 kV, star connected synchronous motor takes a current of 72 A at 0.8 p.f. leading. Resistance and reactance per phase of the motor are 0.1 ohms and 0.9 ohms respectively. Determinate the e.m.f. induced and the total power input. Also determinate the motor efficiency if the stray losses are 25.6 kW. The field copper losses may be neglected. [6.65 kV, 658.45 kW, 95.87]. 25.- A synchronous motor absorbing 60 kW input is connected in parallel with a load of 240 kW. The load has p.f. of 0.8 lagging. If the combined p.f. is observed to be 0.9 lagging, calculate the leading reactive power supplied by the synchronous motor and the p.f. at which it is operating. [34.707 kVAR, 0.8656 leading]. 32.- A 2-pole, three-phase alternator stator has a total of 270 armature conductors on it. The total flux pole is 1.8x10 lines. If the frequency of the generated voltage is 50 Hz. Find the induced emf per phase. [179.8 V].
6

33.- The stator of a three-phase synchronous machine is wound for four poles and has a double layer winding wound in 48 slots. Calculate the distribution factor. [0.96]. 34.- A three-phase 4-pole synchronous generator has a double layer winding having four turns per coil placed in a total 6 of 48 slots. If the flux per pole of the generator is 2x10 lines and the speed of the rotor is 1500 rpm, calculate the magnitude of generated voltage per phase. [272.8 V]. 35.- Calculate the pitch factor of an alternator, whose armature is wound with coils of 9/10 coil pitch. [0.98]. 36.- A 6-pole, three-phase, 50 Hz alternator has 12 slots per pole and four conductors per slot. The winding is of fivesixth pitch. The flux per pole is 1.5 Wb. The armature coils are all connected in series. The winding is star connected. Calculate the induced efm per phase. [14792 V]. 37.- A three phase, 200 kVA, 400 V, 50 Hz alternator has per phase armature resistance and synchronous reactance of 0.1 and 1.2 respectively. Determinate induced emf when the machine is delivering rated current at a load power factor of unity. Draw the phasor diagram also. [748 V]. 38.- A three-phase, 10 kVA. 50 Hz alternator has per phase armature resistance and synchronous reactance of 0.5 and 2.5 respectively. Calculate the generated voltage corresponding to (a) full-load unity power factor; (b) full-load 0.8 lagging power factor. [417 V, 449.3 V]. 39.- A 500 kVA, 1.1 kV, 50 Hz, three-phase star-connected alternator has an effective armature resistance of 0.2 per phase. The synchronous reactance per phase is 1.5 . Find the full-load voltage regulation at (a) 0.8 lagging powerfactor, and (b) 0.8 leading power-factor. Draw phasor diagrams in each case. [50%, -11%]. 1.- A 1000 kVA, 66 kV, star-connected alternator has a resistance of 1 ohm and a synchronous reactance of 10 ohm/phase. The machine delivers a load of 600 kW at 0.6 power factor lagging. What is the emf generated en the armature?. [38180 V]. 2.- A 3-phase, star connected alternator works at 1600 kVA, 13500 V. The armature effective resistance and synchronous reactance are 1.5 and 30 /phase respectively. Calculate the percentage regulation for a load of 1280 kW at power factors of (i) 0.8 lead, (ii) unity and (iii) 0.8 lag. [(i) -11.98%, (ii) 3.22%), (iii) 18.59%]. 3.- A 3-phase, star connected, 600 kVA alternator has rated terminal voltage of 3300 V (line) having stator resistance and reactance per phase of 0.37 and 4.3 respectively. Determinate the regulation for a load having power factor of 0.1 lagging. [23.67%]. 4.- A 3-phase, star connected alternator is rated at 1600 kVA, 13500 V. The armature effective resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are 1.5 and 30 respectively. Determinate the percentage regulation for a load of 1280 kW at power factors of (i) 0.8 leading, (ii) unity and (iii) at 0.8 lagging. [(i) -11.9%, (ii) 3.2, (iii) 18.6%]. 5.- A 3-phase, star-connected synchronous generator is rated at 1.5 MVA, 11 kV. The armature effective resistance and synchronous reactance are 1.2 and 25 respectively per phase. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation for a load

of 1.4375 MVA at (i) 0.8 power factor lagging and (ii) 0.8 power factor leading. Also find out the power factor at which the regulation becomes zero. [21.6%, -13.1%, 0.981 (leading)]. 6.- A 3-phase, star-connected, 1000 kVA alternator has rated current of 52.5 A. The AC resistance of the winding per phase is 0.45 . The test results are given below: OC test: Field current = 12.5 A. Voltage between lines = 422 V. SC test: Field current = 12.5 A. Line current = 52.5 A. Determinate the full-load voltage regulation of the alternator at (i) 0.8 power factor lagging and (ii)0.8 power factor leading. [(i) 2.628%, (ii) -1.94%]. 11.- A 10 kVA, 380 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, star-connected salient-pole alternator has direct axis and quadrature axis reactances of 12 and 8 respectively. The armature has restance of 1 per phase. The generator delivers rated load at 0.8 power factor lagging with the terminal voltage being maintained at rated value. If the load angle is 16.15, determinate (i) direct axis and quadrature axis components of armature current and (ii) excitation voltage of the generator. [(i) 12.14 A, 9.14 A (ii) 633 V]. 12.- Find the synchronous torque for 2 mechanical displacement in a 4000 kVA, 50 Hz, synchronous generator running at 1500 rpm with a generated emf of 10,000 V. The alternator has synchronous impedance of 20%. [8893.5 N-m]. 13.- A 20,000 kVA, 10 kV, 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz synchronous generator is connected to an infinite bus. The short-circuit 2 current is 7 times the normal full-load current. The moment of inertia of the rotating system is 42000 kg-m . Find the natural period of oscillation. [0.964 sec.]. 1.- A 3-phase, 400 V, star-connected synchronous motor takes 52.5 A at power factor of 0.8 leading. Calculate the power supplied and the inducted emf. The motor impedance per phase is (0.25 + j 3.2) ohms. [29.1 kW, 612 V (line)]. 2.- The synchronous reactance per phase of a 3-phase, star-connected, 6.6 kV synchronous motor is 20 . For certain load the input is 915 kW at normal voltage and the inducted emf is 8942 V. Neglecting armature resistance; evaluate the line current and the power factor. [97 A, 0.8256 (leading)]. 3.- A 3-phase synchronous motor of 8kW at 1.1 kV has a synchronous reactance of 8 /phase. Calculate the minimum current and the corresponding induced emf for full-load condition. The efficiency of the machine is 0.8. Neglect the armature resistance. [5.25 A, 637 V]. 4.- A 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, star-connected synchronous motor has a rated armature current of 25 A. The armature resistance is negligible. Xd= 5 /phase and Xq= 3.2 /phase. For an input of 10 kW, calculate the power angles for excitation voltages (i) 420 V and (ii) 400 V. [(i) 45.52 (ii) 46.55]. 15.- A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 2000 V, synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 10.0 ohms per phase and negligible armature resistance. The motor delivers a power of 120 kW and the efficiency is 88%. If the torque angle is 12 electrical, determinate the back e.m.f. of the motor. Assume that the armature windings star connected. [1.893 kV]. 16.- A 20 kVA, 400 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase star connected synchronous motor has effective resistance and synchronous reactance per phase of 0.16 ohms and 1.28 ohms respectively. Determinate the e.m.f. inducted at (i) 0.78 p.f. lagging and (ii) 0.78 p.f. leading. [205.85 V, 252.451 V]. 28. A 2-pole, 50Hz, 3-phase, turbo-alternator is expected to generate the bus-bar voltage of 11000V on no-load. Calculate the synchronizing power per degree of mechanical displacement of the rotor and the corresponding synchronizing torque. The machine is star-connected and the short-circuit current for this excitation is 1200A. [399kW; 1270N-m] Parallel Operation of Alternators 29. Two alternators working in parallel supply a lighting load of 300 kW and a motor load aggregation to 500 kW at a p.f. of the other machine is loaded up to 5000kW at 0.8 p.f. lagging . What is the load and power factor of the other machine?. [300kW; 0.928] 30. Two alternators running in parallel supply the following loads: (i) 1500kW at p.f. 0.9 lagging (ii) 800kW at p.f. unity.

(iii) 1000kW at p.f. 0.8 lagging. (iv) 6000kW at p.f. 0.8 leading. The load on one machine is adjusted to 2000 kW at p.f. 0.95 lagging. Find the load and p.f. of the other machine. [3000kW;0.928] 30A. Two similar alternators display the following data: 3-phase 6600V, 60Hz, 1000kVA, resistance per phase of each of the star connected alternator = 1.02. Saturation Curve: Field current: 1500 200 250 300 350 500 Terminal Voltage: 5000 6490 7000 7400 7750 8500 Synchronous reactance per phase = 4 When operating in parallel with a terminal voltage of 6600 V, the first alternator supplies 85 A at a p.f. of 0.85 lagging. If the load power factor is 0.87 lagging and load is 1500 kW, determine the excitation of the second alternator. [265A] 31. A 6.6 kV, 1MVA, 3-phase alternator is delivering full-load at 0.8 p.f. lagging. Its reactance is 20% and resistance negligible. By changing the excitation, the e.m.f is increased by 25% at this load. Calculate the new current and the power factor. The machine is connected to infinite bus-bars.[191A;0.3665] 32. A6.6kV, 1MVA alternator has a reactance of 20% and is delivering full-load at 0.8 p.f. lagging. It is connected to constant frequency bus-bar. If the steam supply is gradually increased, calculate: (i) At what output will the power factor become unity? (ii) The maximum load which it can supply without dropping out of synchronism, and the corresponding power factor. [(i) 2652; (ii) 5658 kW; 0.749] 33. Two exactly similar turbo-alternators are rated 20MW each. They are running in parallel. The speed-load characteristics of the driving turbines are such that the frequency of alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50Hz on full-load, and that of alternator 2 from 50Hz to 48.5Hz. How will the two machines share a load of 30MW? [12.8572 MW; 17.1428MW] 34. Two 750kW alternators operate in parallel. The speed regulation of one set is 100% to 103% from full-load to noload and that of the other is 1000% to 104%.How will the two alternators share a load of 1000kW and at what load will one machine cease to supply any portion of the load? [464.3 kW; 535.7kW; 187.5kW] 35. Two 50 MVA, 3-phase alternators operate in parallel. The settings of the governors are such that the rise in speed from full-load to no-load is 2% in one machine and 3% in the other, the characteristics being straight lines in both cases. If each machine is fully loaded when the total load is 100 MW, What will be the load on each machine when the total load is reduced 60 MW? [26MW, 34MW] 36. Two MVA, 3-phase alternators operate in parallel. The settings of governors are such that the rise in speed from fullload to no-load is one per cent in one machine and two per cent in the other, the characteristics being straight lines in both cases, If each machine is fully loaded when the total load is60 MW, what will be the load on each machine when the total load is reduced to 40 MW? [16.7 MW (app), 33.3MW (app)] 37. Two identical 2000 kVA alternators operate in parallel. The governor of first machine is such that the frequency drops uniformly for 50 Hz on no-load to 48 Hz on full-load. The corresponding uniform speed drop of the second machine is 50 to 47.5 Hz. (i) How will the two machines share a load of 3000kW? (ii) What is the maximum load at unity p.f. that can be delivered without over loading either machine? [1333kW assuming u.p.f.; 1667kW assuming u.p.f.; 3600kW] Time Period of Oscillations 38. A 10 MVA, 500V, 3-phase 4-pole. 50 Hz alternator is connected to infinite bus-bars. The short-circuit current is 3.5 2 times the normal full-load current and the moment of inertia of the rotating system is 21000 kg m . Determine its normal period of oscillation.[1.365 seconds] 39. A 500kVA, 3-phase, 10000V, 50Hz, alternators runs at 1500 r.p.m. connected to constant frequency, constant voltage 4 2 bus-bars. If the moment of the inertia of the entire system is 1.5 x 10 kg-m and the steady short-circuit current is 5 times the normal full-load current, find the natural time period of oscillations. [1.364 second]

40. A 2-pole, 50Hz, 3-phase, 100MVA, 33000 V turbo-alternator connected to the infinite bus has a moment of inertia of 10 kgm in its rotating parts. It has a synchronous reactance of 0.f p.u. Calculate is natural frequency of oscillations. [1.364 seconds] 41. A10000kVA, 4-pole, 6600 V, 50Hz, 3-phase star-reconnected alternator has a synchronous reactance of 25% and operates at constant-voltage, constant-frequency bus-bars. If the natural period of oscillation while operating at full4 load and unity p.f. is to be limited to 1.5 seconds, calculate the moment of inertia of the rotating system. [2.89 x 10 kg 2 m] Maximum Power Output 42. A 3-phase, 11kV, 5MVA, star-connected alternator has a synchronous impedance of (1+j10) per phase. Its excitation is such that the generated line e.m.f. is 14kV. If the alternator is connected to infinite bus-bars, determine the maximum output at the given excitation.[14133kW] 43. A 3phase, 11kV, 10MW, star-connected synchronous generator has a synchronous impedance of (0.8+j8.0) per phase. If the Excitation is such that the open circuit voltage is 14 kV determine: (i) Maximum output of the generator. (ii) Current and p.f. at the maximum output [19.25 MW; 1287 A, 0.78 (lead)] 16. A 400 V, 50Hz, 3-phase, 37.3 kW star-connected synchronous motor has a full-loaded efficiency of 88%. The synchronous impedance of the motor is (0.2+j1.6) per phase. If the excitation of the motor is adjusted to give a leading p.f. of 0.9 calculate for full-load: (i) The inducted e.m.f, and [495V line value] (ii) The total mechanical power developed. [39.3kW] 17. The input to a 1100 V, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor is 60A. The effective resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are respectively 1 and 30. Find the power supplied to the motor and the induced e.m.f. for p.f. of 0.8leading. [913 kW, 13090V] 18. A 3-phase, 2200V synchronous motor has synchronous reactance of 10 /phase and negligible resistance when the input is 90 kW and p.f. is 0.8 leading. Estimate the recurrent and power factor when the input to the motor is increased to 459 kW. Assume that the motor works at constant voltage and constant current. [135.6 A, 0957 (lead)]

Synchronous Condensers 19.- A 500 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase circuit takes 20 at a lagging p.f. of 0.8. A synchronous motor is used to raise the power factor to unity. Calculate the kVA input to the motor, and its power factor when driving a mechanical load of 7.355 kW (10 h.p.). The motor has an efficiency of 85%. [13.523 kVA, 0.64 (lead)] 20.- An alternator supplying 800 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging has its power factor raised to unity by means of an overexcited synchronous motor. With the armature current unchanged, how much power can the alternator thus supply to the synchronous motor and what power in kW can the latter develop when operating at an efficiency of 90%. Find at what power factor synchronous motor runs. [200 kW, 180 kW] 21.- A substation operating at its full-load of 1000 kVA supplies a load at 0.71 power factor lagging. Calculate the permissible additional load at this power factor and the rating of synchronous condenser to raise the substation power factor to 0.8 lagging. [ 225.35 kVA, 370 kVAR] 22.- An industrial load of 4000 kW is supplied at 11000 volts, the power factor being 0.8 lagging. A synchronous motor is required to meet an additional load of 1103.25 kW (1500 h.p.) and at the same time raise the resultant power factor to 0.95 lagging. Determinate the kVA capacity of the motor and the power factor at which it must operate. The efficiency of the motor is 80%. [1850 kVA, 0.746 (leading)].