SQ D-Elect Aapp'n Guide

Electrical application guide
Square D application guide general introduction
Why
The Square D Application Guide has been developed to assist anyone who has an interest in or takes part in designing electrical distribution systems. The guide starts with single phase distribution where the need for discrimination within the system and requirement of back up protection devices is limited. In this section the application and operation of products which protect against overloads, short circuits, earth faults and system overvoltage protection are explained.
use the guide
Where
When designing distribution systems for commercial and industrial buildings much more consideration must be given to the security of the supply within the system and understanding how discrimination is achieved with the higher prospective fault levels which exist in these systems. The guide also explains the use of Control and Command products and how to utilise them within the distribution system for more automatic cost savings and better use of the supply.
to use the guide
Whats
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
Residential solutions for single phase distribution Commercial and Industrial solutions for three phase distribution Control and Command for large commercial applications Tabulation of tables and figures for all sections
in the guide
Residential solutions for single phase distribution
Section 1
MCB L N Switch
Distribution within a residential application generally requires a single unit for the incoming supply and protection of individual circuits, the need to discriminate with downstream devices other than residual current devices is not normally a requirement within residential applications. The correct understanding on the way miniature circuit breakers, residual current devices and surge protection operate can help to minimise costs and contribute towards a system that operates efficiently. The consumer unit or A type single phase distribution board houses the protection devices and in itself has a number of variations which correctly chosen can also help the designer produce a system which meets the needs of the end user and installer.
introduction
Contents
Consumer units Protection design and use Miniature circuit breaker protection Earth leakage protection Surge protection Control of the installation
section 1
Specifications
Sec1
1
Safety in built as standard
Everyone involved in the construction or maintenance of residential premises, recognises the importance of safe and reliable electrical systems. Square D is no exception and has ensured these requirements are inbuilt into their products as standard, safeguarding those who use electricity in and around the home.
Simple distribution for a single dwelling

Solutions flexible enough to meet customers changing needs
Regardless of the type or size of dwelling, Square Ds Qwikline II consumer unit is suitable for single or multi-occupancy dwellings. In addition, Qwikline II consumer units can accommodate a range of Square D control products such as bell transformers or timed circuits providing the designer with unobtrusive, user friendly applications. These control products can be installed in the consumer unit before or after occupancy.
Exceeding expectations for quality and performance

At Square D we take great pride in the quality of all our products. As a result weve ensured that Qwikline II meets the requirements of the following local and in some cases international standards. BS EN 60439-3 consumer units Meets all the design requirements of this local standard while additionally having been subjected to 16kA conditional short circuit faults to prove the products effectiveness even at extreme fault levels. BS EN 60529 ingress protection IP2XB protection ensures a high level of protection against accidental direct contact with live parts even with the covers removed. In addition the following standards found within the Qwikline II portfolio prove the performance of our devices under range of arduous conditions. BS EN 60947-3 Switch disconnectors. BS EN 60898 Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs). BS EN 61008 Residual current circuit breakers (RCCBS) BS EN 61009 Residual current circuit breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBOs)
Sec1
Designs of consumer units

They are available in an insulated or sheet steel. One of 3 types of consumer unit are normally installed. However, many variations can be offered including Multi-tariff, for single phase applications where the performance required exceeds that of a consumer unit A type distribution boards may be used*.
1 Standard
Will have a switch with a red handle, or an RCCB on the left and several MCBs / RCBOs to the right of it. Each device should be clearly labelled above it to say which circuit the device protects, i.e. Shower, Ground floor sockets, First floor lighting, etc.
2 Split load
As with a standard board these will be a switch or RCCB on the left but the busbar will also feed an RCCB in the centre of the consumer unit. All devices to the right of this RCCB are provided with a higher level of protection against electric shock and will typically be providing power for socket outlets in the home, garage and garden. The circuits supplied by the RCCB are designated as protected circuits, i.e. personnel or fire protected. Those supplied by the incomer are designated as non-protected.
3 Dual incomer
A house converted into flats or needing more than one meter (e.g. a reduced tariff on electric heating), may have a Dual incomer board. This is like having two standard boards in one. The switch on the left will isolate MCBs immediately to the right of it, up to the next switch. The second switch (in the centre) will isolate the remaining MCBs, also to the right i.e. supply two. A multi tariff consumer unit works on the same principle but will have three or more separate sections. Each section should be clearly marked to show supply A or B etc. The sections may also be protected by an RCCB.
Technical terms explained MCB - Miniature Circuit Breaker. Page 6 Section 1 RCBO - Residual Current Circuit Breaker with
overcurrent protection. Page 18 Section 1
RCCB - Residual Current Circuit Breaker. Page 17 Section 1

* See page 42 for A type distribution boards
RCD
- Residual Current Device. Page 16 Section 1

Sec1 3
1
Switch disconnector (Switch)
This is the switch on the far left-hand side and has a red toggle. When the switch is in the OFF position (toggle down) all power to the house will be off and the house will be totally isolated. The switch must be of the disconnector type and isolate both the live and neutral conductors.
Protection design and use

How do these devices inside the consumer unit work?.
You may have up to five different types of device in the consumer unit.
Miniature circuit breaker (MCBs)

Each MCB in the consumer unit is responsible for protecting different circuits against electrical faults. These could happen by plugging in too many appliances or short circuit by cutting through a cable. For example, one circuit breaker will protect the ground floor lights, another the immersion heater and another the mains operated smoke alarm. The consumer unit should be clearly labelled which MCB protects each area of the electrical network, either by writing in the space provided or by using sticky labels. Square D MCBs also fulfil the function of a switch disconnector for isolating the live outgoing circuit.
Residual current circuit breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBOs)

An RCBO is the same width as an MCB but will have a test button under the toggle. It combines the same technology as an MCB and an RCCB therefore provide the highest levels of protection available on the market today. It is recommended that RCBOs are tested monthly by pressing the test button. When the test button is pressed the device should trip and go into the off position. A label should be fixed to the consumer unit to show that the installation or part of it is protected by a residual current device. Square D RCBOs also fulfil the function of a switch disconnector for isolating the live outgoing circuit.
Residual current circuit breaker (RCCBs)

An RCCB can easily be spotted in the consumer unit. It will be the width of two MCBs with a black test button above the toggle. If you have a split load consumer unit then you will have an RCCB in the middle of your consumer unit. This will provide residual current protection to all the circuits to the right of the device. Most probably this will be sockets, garage, shower or electric oven. Residual current protection means that you are protected against the dangers of electric shock and having an RCCB or RCBO installed means that the home is potentially protected against the outbreak of fire through electrical fault. A label should be fixed to the consumer unit to show that the installation or part of it is protected by a residual current device. The RCCB must be of the disconnector type and isolate both the live and neutral conductors.
Surge protection
The use of a surge protection device is recommended where a risk assessment has been carried out and the probable cost of lightning strike is high.
Sec1
Protection design and use

Circuit diagram for a split-load consumer unit.
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
Additional control products may be fitted as required
L RCCB
Fig. 1
Sec1
1
For each rating of MCB (10 amp, 20 amp, 40 amp etc) three distinctly different types of MCB are specified in BS EN 60898 - types B, C and D. The difference between these types relates to the instantaneous tripping characteristics. The levels of overcurrent required for instantaneous tripping for the three main types of MCB are shown in Table 1. Table 2 lists the fault loop impedance values that correspond with the current required to ensure tripping of MCBs within the requirements specified in Chapter 41 Protection Against Electric Shock in the Wiring Rules. As will be seen from the tripping curves, MCBs are designed to trip within 0.1 seconds in short circuit conditions and it is not, therefore, necessary to differentiate between the two categories of tripping times (0.4 sec and 5 secs). Consequently, unlike tables of max. loop impedance for fuses which quote different figures for 0.4 sec and 5 sec tripping, tables for MCBs such as Table 2 can apply to both socket/portable appliance circuits (0.4 sec tripping) and fixed equipment circuits (5 sec tripping). Check the performance figures for exact details. 6 Sec1
MCB tripping curves

Another feature evident from the tripping curves is that the difference between B, C and D characteristics relate only to the magnetic/solenoid component of these devices, i.e. the component that protects against short circuit. The portion of the tripping curve relating to overloads (influenced by the thermal component) is virtually the same for B, C and D devices. The selection of a suitable type of MCB is an important factor in the design of a circuit to ensure protection against electric shock, i.e. to ensure that the protective device trips within the required time in the event of a fault to earth. The required conditions will be met if the circuit loop impedance is within the maximum permitted level, as shown in Table 2.
Table 1
Current required for instantaneous tripping to BS EN 60898 MCB type B C D Multiple of rated current 3 - 5 times 5 - 10 times 10 - 20 times
Table 2
Maximum fault loop impedance in Ohms for circuits protected by types B, C and D MCBs MCB rating Type of MCB Amps B C D Ohms Ohms Ohms 3 15 7.7 3.8 6 7.7 3.8 1.9 10 4.6 2.3 1.15 16 2.9 1.4 0.72 20 2.3 1.15 0.57 25 1.84 0.92 0.46 32 1.4 0.72 0.36 40 1.15 0.57 0.28 50 0.92 0.46 0.23 63 0.72 0.36 0.18 80 0.58 0.29 0.14
Curve type B is the one normally chosen for residential use with type C and D generally used for commercial or industrial premises
MCBs for residential use would normally have a breaking capacity of not less than 6,000A and not less than 10,000A for commercial or industrial use
Note: Where the earth loop impedance is too high for the MCB to meet tripping times, an RCBO is recommended.
MCBs - definition of curves (BS EN 60898)

Curve B Protection of generators, long cables, heating loads, tungsten lighting and persons (on TN and IT neutral systems), residential. Overloads Standard thermal protection. Short circuits Fixed magnetic curve B (Im between 3 and 5 In). Curve C Protection of cables supplying loads with relatively high switching surges e.g. discharge lamps and some motors. Overloads Standard thermal protection. Short circuits Fixed magnetic curve C (Im between 5 and 10 In). Curve D Protection of cables supplying loads with high switch on surges. Overloads Standard thermal protection. Short circuits Fixed magnetic curve D (Im between 10 and 20 In).
1
1
t 1
1. Thermal: Overload 2. Magnetic: Short circuit (Im)
2
Fig. 3 External overload protection using a bi-metallic element provides close overload protection for cables. Magnetic protection using a solenoid means a fast operation during a phase/neutral or phase/earth short circuit. It reduces electrical stress in the system and helps meet the disconnection times for electric shock protection.
3 Curve B
10 20
In
Fig. 2
Curve C
Curve D
Sec1
1
Type B MCBs
Rating (A) 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63
SQO residential MCB performance figures

Earth loop impedance values.
Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 15 15 8 8 5 5 3 3 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.76 0.76
R2 ohms 3.33 1.67 1.00 0.63 0.50 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.18
Type C MCBs
Rating (A) 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Table 3 Zs ohm @ 240V ac 5s 0.4s 15 8 8 3.8 5 2.3 3 1.4 2.3 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.38 0.76 R2 ohms 3.33 1.67 1.00 0.63 0.50 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.08
Sec1

Disconnection times. Type B MCBs
0.005 SQO103EB6 SQO106EB6 SQO110EB6 SQO116EB6 SQO120EB6 SQO125EB6 SQO132EB6 SQO140EB6 SQO150EB6 SQO163EB6 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 0.6 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 1 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 2 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 3 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 5 12.3 25 41 66 82 103 131 164 205 315 7 10.7 21.5 36 57 72 90 115 143 179 265 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 60 Disconnection current (A) 9.4 19 31 50 63 79 100 126 157 221 7.5 15 25 40 50 63 80 100 125 173 6.5 13.1 22 35 44 55 70 87 109 151 6 12 20 32 40 50 64 80 100 139 5.4 10.8 18 29 36 45 58 72 90 126 100 4.8 9.6 16 26 32 40 51 64 80 110 200 4.3 8.6 14.3 23 29 36 46 57 72 95 500 3.9 7.8 13 21 26 33 42 52 65 85 1000 3.8 7.6 12.6 20.2 25.2 32 40 50 63 83 2000 3.7 7.4 12.4 19.8 24.8 31 39.7 49.6 62 82 10000 3.6 7.2 12 19 24 30 38 48 60 213
Type C MCBs
0.005 SQO103EC6 SQO106EC6 SQO110EC6 SQO116EC6 SQO120EC6 SQO125EC6 SQO132EC6 SQO140EC6 SQO150EC6 SQO163EB6 30 60 100 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 0.6 30 60 100 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 1 30 60 100 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 2 20 39 66 105 132 165 211 263 329 517 3 15.8 31.5 53 84 105 131 168 210 263 410 5 12 25 41 66 82 103 131 164 205 315 7 10.7 21.5 36 57 72 90 115 143 179 265 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 60 Disconnection current (A) 9.4 19 31 50 63 79 100 126 157 221 7.5 15 25 40 50 63 80 100 125 173 6.5 13 22 35 44 55 70 87 109 151 6 12 20 32 40 50 64 80 100 139 5.4 11 18 29 36 45 58 72 90 126 100 4.8 9.6 16 26 32 40 51 64 80 110 200 4.3 8.6 14.3 23 29 36 46 57 72 95 500 3.9 8 13 21 26 33 42 52 65 85 1000 3.8 7.6 12.6 20.2 25.2 32 40 50 63 83 2000 3.7 7.4 12.4 19.8 24.8 31 39.7 49.6 62 82 10000 3.6 7 12 19 24 30 38 48 60 81.3
Table 4
Sec1
1
Short circuit levels. Type B MCBs
Rating (A) 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63

Type C MCBs
Short circuit level (kA) 2 I2t (x1000) 4 4 6 7 7 7 10 10 13 13 Rating (A) 6 9 9 17 23 23 23 32.5 35 35 35 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Short circuit level (kA) 2 I2t (x1000) 4 4 6 7 7 7 10 10 13 13
6 9 9 17 23 23 23 32.5 32.5 35 35
Table 5
10
Sec1
SQOR residential RCBO performance figures

Earth loop impedance values. Type B RCBOs
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 32 45 Table 6 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 R2 ohms 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667
Short circuit levels. Type B RCBOs

Rating (A) Short circuit level (kA) 2 I2t (x1000) 4 6 7 7 10 10
6 9 17 23 23 32.5 32.5
6 10 16 20 32 45 Table 8
Disconnection times. Type B RCBOs

Catalogue reference SQOR106B03 SQOR110B03 SQOR116B03 SQOR120B03 SQOR132B03 SQOR145B03 Table 7 0.005 30 50 80 100 160 225 0.6 30 50 80 100 160 225 1 30 50 80 100 160 225 2 30 50 80 100 160 225 3 30 50 80 100 160 225 5 30 50 80 100 160 225 7 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 Disconnection current (A) 21 35 56 70 112 158 16.5 28 44 55 88 124 14.4 24 38 48 77 108 13.2 22 35 44 70 99 60 12 20 32 40 64 90 100 10.5 17.5 28 35 56 79 200 9 15 24 30 48 68 500 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 43 61 2000 7.8 13 20.8 26 41.6 58.5 10000 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 41.3 58.1
25 42 67 84 134 189
Sec1
11
1
Item Catalogue Number Current Rating A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DOM03B6 DOM06B6 DOM10B6 DOM16B6 DOM20B6 DOM32B6 DOM45B6 DOM50B6 3 6 10 16 20 32 45 50 15 30 50 80 100 160 225 250
Square D circuit breaker application data

Fixed equipment, disconnection occurs within 5 seconds @ Vac = 230 Socket outlets, disconnection occurs within 0.4 of a second Circuit breaker instantaneous trip type B ( In )
Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 0.005 0.6 1.5 2 3 5 7 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 10000 Zs ohm@ 230 Vac 5s 6 12 20 32 40 64 90 100 5.3 4.5 4.1 8.1 4.0 7.9 3.9 7.8 13 20.8 26 41.6 59 65 3.9 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 41.3 58.1 64.5 15 7.7 4.6 2.9 2.3 1.44 1.02 0.92 0.4s 15 7.7 4.6 2.9 2.3 1.44 1.02 0.92 Ohms 3.33 1.67 1.00 0.63 0.50 0.31 0.22 0.20 4 4 6 7 7 10 10 13 R2 Short Circuit level (kA) 2 4 I2t(x1000 7 7 12 16 16 23 23 28 ) 9 9 17 23 23 32.5 32.5 35 6
Disconnection Current ( A ) 15 30 50 80 100 160 225 250 15 30 50 80 100 160 225 250 15 30 50 80 100 160 225 250 15 30 50 80 100 160 225 250 15 30 50 80 100 160 225 250 12.6 25 42 67 84 134 189 210 10.8 8.3 22 36 58 72 115 162 180 16.5 28 44 55 88 124 138 7.2 6.6
14.4 13.2 24 38 48 77 108 120 22 35 44 70 99 110
10.5 9 17.5 15 28 35 56 79 88 24 30 48 68 75
13.5 13.2 21.6 21.1 27 43 61 68 26.4 42 59 66
Table 9
Circuit breaker instantaneous trip type C ( In )

Item Catalogue Current Number Rating A 1 2 3 DOM06C6 DOM10C6 DOM16C6 6 10 16 60 100 160 60 100 160 60 100 160 49 82 131 39 65 104 30 50 80 0.005 0.6 1.5 2 3 5 Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 7 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 10000 Zs ohm@ 230 Vac 5s 12 20 32 10.5 9.0 17.5 15 28 24 8.1 7.9 7.8 13 20.8 7.7 12.9 20.6 7.67 4.60 2.88 0.4s 3.8 2.3 1.4 Ohms 1.67 1.00 0.63 4 6 7 R2 Short Circuit level (kA) 2 4 I2t(x1000 ) 7 12 16 9 17 23 6
Disconnection Current ( A ) 25 42 67 21 35 56 16.5 28 44 14.4 13.2 24 38 22 35
13.5 13.2 21.6 21.1
Table 10
12
Sec1
Earth leakage - the risks and their consequences

All electrical installations produce current flow. Even small current flow presents risks which can cause serious damage. Electrocution
A few milliamps is suffice to seriously harm the human body. Electrocution can occur either by direct contact with an electric cable or a live device, or by indirect contact, if the person touches an accidentally energised metal part.
The physiological reaction

Depends on:

Fire
30% of fires in industrial and domestic buildings are the result of an electrical fault, the main cause of which is deterioration of cable insulation due to overheating or accidental damage.
Load destruction
Some electrical devices deteriorate over time and may present insulation faults. Insulation faults have many causes:

The contact voltage The type and duration of the contact The age and vulnerability of the subject
Heat generated by device operation Overcurrent Aggressiveness of the environment Material wear and loss of tightness
Apart from load destruction, there is a risk of electrocution and fire.
300mA 75mA 30mA 10mA 0.5mA Fig. 4
Cardiac arrest Irreversible cardiac fibrillation threshold Respiratory paralysis threshold Muscular contraction Very slight sensation
Sec1
13
How to protect people and equipment from earth leakage

When confronted with the risk of electrocution, destruction of loads and fire, two different but complementary approaches provide effective protection. 1. Prevention:
Prevent the fault from occurring The approach concerns primarily new electrical installations. Technical progress and application of strict standards are a major asset for the commissioning of efficient, reliable installations. Installations should comply with BS 7671 (wiring regulations) and have the correct selection of devices such that in the event of an earth fault, sufficient current will flow to trip the device within the stated time period.
RCCB
RCBO
2 poles Rating: 63 - 100A Voltage rating: 230Vac Sensitivity: 30 - 300mA Instantaneous/selective AC class
1 pole Rating: 16 - 45A B curve Voltage rating: 230Vac Sensitivity: 30mA instantaneous AC class
2. Action:
Detect and neutralise faults The solution: The Square D range of earth leakage protection products.
14
Sec1
How does earth leakage protection work

The principle of Square D earth leakage protection is based on a system performing three successive functions virtually instantaneously: detection of a leakage current, measurement of this current and trip opening of the faulty circuit. Detection
A current transformer is used whose primary windings are the phase(s) and the neutral of the circuit to be protected. The winding direction is such that the load and neutral currents cancel one another out. The appearance of a leakage current destroys this balance and generates a current at the secondary winding known as a residual current.
Measurement
An electromechanical relay is used which compares the electric signal to a pre-set limit: the tripping threshold, also known as sensitivity.
Tripping
As soon as the residual current is high enough to cancel the effect of the permanent magnet, the spring causes the plate to swivel which then strikes the trip opening mechanism of the faulty circuit.
Leakage current risks

An occasional earth leakage current greater than merely 500 mA can generate a sufficient overcurrent for the insulator to heat, melt and start stripping the conductor. The leakage current flowing through the damaged insulator creates an electric arc the intense heat of which ignites the insulator and may start a fire.
A permanent magnet holds in the closed position a swivel plate connected to a tripping mechanism Opposite this, an electromagnet supplied by the residual current, and a taut spring have a joint effect on plate opening
As long as the strength of the permanent magnet (defined according to required system sensitivity) is greater than that of the spring and the electromagnet, the circuit is closed. Detection
Detection
Measurement
Measurement
Tripping
Tripping Outgoing current
Outgoing current
Return current
SN
SN
Return current
Current variation 0
Current variation = 0
Current variation = 0
Fig. 5
Sec1
15
An electromechanical trip or an electronic trip

Square D utilises two technologies: electromechanical and electronic. The technological choice depends on the specific features of your installation. In compliance with the standard, Square D uses:
A residual current device with electromechanical relay for unmonitored distribution (domestic applications and equivalent)
A residual current device with electronic relay for monitored distribution (applications benefiting from a maintenance service, i.e. residential homes)
1. The residual current device with electromechanical relay (Fig. 6)

This device operates without any auxiliary source of supply. The energy supplied by the toroid energises an electromagnet whose moving part is maintained in the closed position by a permanent magnet.
2. The residual current device with electronic relay (Fig. 7)

This device operates with an auxiliary source of supply. The electrical energy supplied by the toroid is amplified by the electronic board, in turn supplied by a source dependent on network voltage. Fault detection causes the breaking device to trip. These devices may be completely independent, built into or mounted on the breaking device.
Tripping Outgoing current SN
Return current
Current variation 0
A RCCB
Fault current energy is the direct cause of tripping. This is the most reliable technology as it works regardless of fault origin User safety is top priority, and should not be dependent on quality of the network (public/private), installation age, the neutral system chosen or the mechanism reset Useful for protecting groups of circuits in a single installation
Fig. 6
Tripping
High setting dynamics ensuring continuity of supply A solution that can be used on all feeder types irrespective of their rating Useful for outgoing devices as it is the same width as an MCB and may be interchanged Fig. 7
Leakage current
SN
Electronic relay
B RCBO
N L
16
Sec1
Residual current circuit breakers - RCCB

Operating principle
In addition to leakage current detection, the residual current circuit breaker can be used to switch or isolate a circuit. It has no short circuit or overload protection, and as such must be protected by an upstream circuit breaker. Its main function is to protect a set of feeders, each equipped with circuit breakers. Use of the residual current circuit breaker is recommended to provide earth leakage protection of an installation equipped with circuit breakers. Consequently, particularly used for domestic, commercial and small industrial applications, its advantage is that it can provide complete safety of sensitive circuits at a low cost, for example in a kitchen or bathroom, a shop where there are risks for customers, damp working premises and premises with an aggressive environment. They may also be use to provide individual protection to existing circuits either on the outgoing or incoming circuits of a consumer unit. Fig. 8
Technical data
Unwanted tripping All the Square D residual current circuit breakers are immunised by an interference suppression device which removes the risk of nuisance tripping caused by:
Fuse cutout
Sudden voltage variations (atmospheric overvoltages, device switchings) Current variations (Highly capacitive circuits)
RCCB fitted externally or replacing incomer
The residual current circuit breakers meet current standards:
Consumer unit incomer
BS EN 61008
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
Sec1
17
Residual current breaker with overload protection - RCBO

Operating principle
The RCBO combines the circuit breaker and residual current circuit breaker functions in the same device. It thus provides complete protection against short circuits, overloads and insulation faults. Such versatility means it can advantageously be used in all application types. The main application of this device is the protection of faults and thus to guarantee increased continuity of supply to non-effected circuits. Consequently, for special circuits and to ensure healthy circuits are not effected by a fault for instant on a socket. Each level can be protected by a suitable residual current device according to its position and degree of risk.
Technical data
The RCBO one piece device provides:
Complete protection of final circuits (over currents and insulation faults) Protection of persons against indirect contact (30mA) or direct contact With the 30mA sensitivity, total vertical discrimination if they are installed downstream of a 300mA S selective residual current device Square D RCBOs may be used to disconnect the line side and isolate the circuit
The Square D RCBO meets current standards:
BS EN 61009
Switch disconnector
Fig. 9
RCBO
RCBO
RCBO
RCBO
18
Sec1
Protecting LV installations against lightning overvoltages

A surge arrestor is a device that limits transient voltage surges and runs current waves to ground to reduce the strength of the voltage surge and make it safe for electrical installations and equipment. The surge arrestor eliminates voltage surges:
In common mode: between phase or neutral and earth In differential mode: between phases and neutral
The surge arrestor has an internal thermal protection device which guards against burn out at the end of its life. Gradually over normal use, after withstanding a number of voltage surges, the surge arrestor degrades into a conductive device. An indicator on the front warns of this approach of end-of-life. When new this indicator is white; at end of life it becomes red. The protecting MCB operates to disconnect the device from the supply. The decision to fit surge suppression to an electrical distribution system should be based on a risk assessment and the type of equipment installed on site which may be effected. The increased use of electronic equipment within the home may make the use of surge protection advisable. The following is a method of assessing the need for surge suppression.
The unit consists of a zinc oxide varistor having a very fast response time, in the order of one nanosecond (10-9 s) with high energy dissipation. Immediately after the surge the device reverts back to its normal high impedance state.
Sec1
19
1
How to choose surge arrestors.
To protect loads against atmospheric overvoltages, the following must be taken into account:
Surge protection - applications
Impulse withstand (wave 8/20) table for equipment to be protected in a three phase network under 230/440V as in standard IEC 60364-4
Impulse withstand Voltage category Type Category I Reduced Electronic circuit device Television, alarm, Hi-Fi, video recorder, computer and telecommunication equipment Uchoc (Impulse withstand voltage) Examples 1.5kV Category II Normal Household appliances Dishwasher, oven, refrigerator, hand tools Category III High Industrial devices Motor, distribution cabinet, current sockets, transformer Category IV Very high Industrial devices Electric meter, remote measurement device
The impulse withstand voltage of the equipment to be protected (Uchoc) The maximum voltage (Uc) of the supply network and of the earthing system
The lightning stroke density The surge arrestors level of protection (Up) must therefore be: Uc (network) < Up (surge arrestor) < Uchoc (load)
2.5kV
4kV
6kV
Earthing system maximum voltage

Type of earthing system Uc (network) maximum voltage Based on the above the surge arrestor and its associated circuit breaker can be selected TT 345/360V TN-S 253/264V TN-C 253/264V Table 11
Please contact us for information on the latest range of surge arrestors for low voltage networks.
20
Sec1
Surge protection - operational information

Surge arrestor installation rules.
MCB
Surge Arrester
Must be installed as near as possible to the main incoming device Must be protected by a suitable circuit breaker Cable length from breaker to surge arrestor and to earth bar must be less than 500mm for maximum effect
L1
Fig. 10
Sec1
21
1
Manual control
This circuit shows the simplest form of control. A manual switch controls the lighting. This arrangement is adequate if the load is small, the cable runs are short and people can be relied upon to turn the lights out when they are not needed. (Fig. 11)
Control and Command - lighting control

Since the introduction of the Climate Change Levy, wasting energy is not just bad for the environment: it now carries a heavy financial penalty, with electricity the most heavily taxed fuel of all. But with a Square D consumer unit or distribution board, you have access to a unique range of Control and Command devices designed to make savings in every area of consumption and ensure comfort for the user. Automatic control
The introduction of some form of automatic control can reduce electricity costs and simplify the total electrical installation. Whilst automation in some form may add to the initial installation costs, this has to be balanced against the electricity consumption costs over the life of the electrical installation. Products that may be used to automate the installation, in part or fully, are

MCB L N Switch
Fig. 11
MCB L
Time Switch
Time switches Passive infra red detectors Presence detectors Contactors Light sensitive switches Bi-stable relays
Fig. 12
ON/Timed MCB L Time Switch ON/OFF
All these devices may be used individually or in combination to provide the best possible installation to suit the needs of the occupants. (Fig. 12 and 13)
Fig. 13
22
Sec1

Time switches
Typical applications are retail trading areas where the main lighting is required to be switched at set times each day without the need for manual intervention. The type of time switch to be used depends upon the level of sophistication required. Simple 24 hour time switch, repeating the same pre-set switching sequence each day. Battery back up is included to eliminate the need to reset the device every time there is a power cut. Digital time switch, 7 day type. These are available with 1 or 2 programmable contacts. The program can be set to have different switching times each day or day omission if required. e.g. no switching at weekends. The two contacts of the 2-channel version can be programmed completely independently. Battery back up stores the switching programme for at least 5 years. (Fig. 12) Multi function time switch, having 4 independently programmable time contacts. Each contact can have a conditional input associated with it. In addition ON delays and OFF delays, hours counters and switching counters can be incorporated. The programme is stored in a cartridge which enables the programme to be copied to another device. Control by light sensitive switch, this device enables lighting to be switched, not according to time but according to the level of daylight. The threshold can be adjusted to determine the light level below which the lighting is switched ON. This may be used with external or internal lighting. An ON / OFF override facility exists on the time switches. On the digital devices this override can be temporary, until the next switch operation or permanent. To prevent unauthorised access to the time switch and possible tampering it may be preferred to have external ON / Timed / OFF control. This switching arrangement can be achieved by using a standard 2-gang single pole one way light switch. The supply to the time switch motor is maintained. On loss of supply the time switch will continue to keep time but the contacts will not switch. (Fig. 13)
Presence and PIR detectors

Both of these devices can be used to control lighting but their functions are very different. Presence detectors are used to turn lights ON when people are present in the room and to turn them OFF when the room is unoccupied. Normally ceiling mounted they detect human presence. Their use saves energy consumption. They are intended for use in offices, corridors or where areas are not permanently occupied. PIR detectors most obvious use is for security purposes to switch external lighting ON when movement is detected within the sensing area. This area is an arc of up to 180 with a radius of 12 metres.
Sec1
23
1
Larger lighting schemes
The previous lighting schemes are very effective in the small environment but as the lighting load increases and the floor area to be lit increases so does the electrical load. In addition, the longer cable runs introduce greater voltage drops making the need for larger cables more likely. Whilst it may seem a paradox to introduce more components to simplify the arrangement, the use of contactors in the lighting circuits makes the installation easier to install and simpler to calculate. Voltage drop calculations are greatly simplified as the switching circuit is not part of the main circuit. This main circuit is direct from the distribution board to the luminaries. The switching circuit only carries the load of the contactor coil, which at switch on is of the order of 0.2A. A separate control circuit mcb is required if the main mcb is of such a rating that it does not protect the control circuit cable against overcurrent. (Fig. 14)

Contactor control is essential when the lighting is controlled by BMS system. The control circuits are run from the distribution boards to the BMS controller that may be positioned wherever convenient for the operation of the building. Time switches, presence detectors and PIR detectors can all be used with contactor controlled circuits. These controlling devices are all connected in the switch circuit so only carry and switch the contactor coil current giving longer contact life. Controlling devices can be combined to provide more sophisticated control. These combinations are much easier with contactor control. e.g. Combine light sensitive switch & time switch: with their contacts connected in series they ensure that lights are only on during permitted hours and when the natural light level is below the set threshold, i.e. carparks. Whether the main lighting load is single or 3 phase, only one set of control devices is required. Fig. 15 Apart from the light sensitive switch sensor, all the components and wiring is contained in the distribution board. (Fig. 15)
MCB L Main N L Control N MCB Switch
Contactor
Fig. 14
Control MCB L
Light Sensitive Switch
Time Switch
Contactor
24
Sec1

Stairwells
Stairwells and hallways need to be well lit whilst people are present but as the areas are only occasionally occupied energy is wasted by leaving the lights on permanently. Use a timer relay to switch the lights ON when required and then to switch OFF automatically after a time delay. With the location of switches at every point that people would use to enter the stairwell it is easy for users to switch the lights ON. The period that the lights stay ON can be set between 1 and 7 minutes. The switches need to be pushbutton (retractive) types. If required they may be fitted with a neon indicator, wired across the contacts, to aid location in the dark. (Fig. 16) Installation costs Generally the extra cost of the additional components in the electrical distribution equipment will be recovered many times over by the reduction in electricity consumption over the life of the installation. Control and command products may be fitted at unused ways in the consumer unit. For stand alone control applications or where there is insufficient space within the unit a range of insulated and metal enclosures are available.
MCB L
Timed
Pushbutton N Additional pushbuttons may be connected in parallel
Fig. 16
MCB L
Switch
Timer
Run on timer
The circuit is designed to switch lights and an associated ventilation fan. On closing the switch the lights and the ventilation fan are switched ON. When the switch is opened the lights go out but the fan continues to run for a period of time, adjustable between 1 and 7 minutes. (Fig. 17) Fig. 17
Sec1
25
1
The lights are switched ON by a pushbutton suitably located either inside or outside the premises. The lighting remains ON for a period of time and then switches OFF automatically. This time can be set for any time up to 7 minutes. More than one light switch can be used: the normally open contacts on each switch should be wired in parallel. Because the switches only carry control current they can be located as far from the premises as necessary e.g. either end of a drive, without voltage drop problems. Note: Standard light switches must not be used.

This circuit provides lighting for a short time so that electricity is not wasted by accidentally leaving the lights on permanently.
The function is achieved by fitting a delay OFF timer in the consumer unit. It occupies the same amount of space as a single pole MCB. The maximum load is 2000W at 240V, 50Hz.
L 6A MCB P
Delay off timer 3 N 4
Delay off timer Note: The switch on the side of the timer unit must be set to position 4.
Pushbutton switches To other luminaires (non timed optional) To timer controlled luminaire
The circuit to the luminaires must be sized and designed in accordance with BS7671.
Fig. 18
26
Sec1
Table for lamps - type C & D trip MCB

Electronic control fluorescent lamps HFR, HFP with PF correction @ Vac = 230
Lamp wattage (W) 14/18 14 x2 14 x3 14 x4 18 x2 18 x4 21/24 21/24 x2 28 28 x2 35/36/39 35/36 x2 38/39 x2 40/42 42 x2 49/50 49/50 x2 54/55 54/55 x2 60 Circuit current (A) 0.09 0.15 0.23 0.29 0.18 0.36 0.12 0.24 0.16 0.28 0.19 0.34 0.38 0.21 0.41 0.24 0.48 0.27 0.54 0.3 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C & D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 14 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 15 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 16 6 16 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 6 10 6 10 6 16 6 17 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 6 10 6 16 6 16 10 18 6 6 10 10 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 10 10 6 10 6 16 6 16 10 19 6 6 10 10 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 10 10 6 10 6 16 10 16 10 20 6 6 10 10 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 10 10 6 16 6 16 10 16 10
Electronic control fluorescent lamps non integrated PL-L

Lamp wattage (W) 18 18 x2 21/24 21/24 x2 36 36 x2 40 40 x2 55 55 x2 Table 12 Circuit current (A) 0.09 0.16 0.11 0.22 0.16 0.31 0.2 0.4 0.25 0.5 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C & D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 14 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 15 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 16 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 10 17 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 16 18 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 6 16 19 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 10 16 20 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 10 10 16
Sec1
27
1
Manual control
The circuit below shows the simplest form of control. A manual switch controls the heating. This arrangement is adequate if the load is small and people can be relied upon to turn the heaters off when they are not needed. For water heaters the switch must be within easy reach of the heater. (Fig. 19)
Control and Command - heating control

Time switches
For larger loads the contact rating of these control devices is not adequate and so it is necessary to switch the load using an interposing contactor. The controlling devices switch the control circuit of the contactor which in turn switches the load. These control devices may be used individually or in combination to provide the best possible installation to suit the needs of the end user. Typical applications are residential areas where the heating is required to be switched at set times each day without the need for manual intervention. The type of time switch to be used depends upon the level of sophistication required. (Fig. 20) Simple 24 hour time switch, repeating the same pre-set switching sequence each day. Battery back up is included to eliminate the need to reset the device every time there is a power cut. Digital time switch, 7 day type. These are available with 1 or 2 programmable contacts. The programme can be set to have different switching times each day or day omission if required. e.g. no switching at weekends. The two contacts of the 2-channel version are programmed completely independently. Battery back up stores the switching programme for at least 5 years. An ON / OFF override facility exists on all the time switches but it may be preferred to have external ON / Timed / OFF control. This allows control without giving access to the time switch settings. When the heater is controlled by a contactor this can be achieved by using a standard 2-gang single pole one way light switch. The supply to the time switch motor is maintained. On loss of supply the time switch will continue to keep time but the contacts will not switch. (Fig. 21) Contactor control is essential when the heating is controlled by a BMS system. The control circuits are run from the distribution board to the BMS controller positioned wherever convenient for the operation of the building. (Fig. 22) Generally the extra cost of the additional components in the electrical distribution equipment will be recovered many times over by the reduction in electricity consumption over the life of the installation if suitable controlling products are used.
Automatic control
The introduction of some form of automatic control can reduce electricity costs by ensuring that heating is only switched on when required. Whilst automation in some form may add to the initial installation costs, this has to be balanced against the reduced electricity consumption costs over the life of the electrical installation. Time switches and thermostats are examples of products that may be used to automate the installation. They are installed in the heater circuit to directly switch the load.
28
Sec1

MCB L N N Two Pole Switch Two Pole Switch L MCB Time Switch
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Control Circuit MCB L Time Switch
ON/Timed Contactor ON/OFF N L
MCB
BMS
Contactor
N Main Circuit MCB L N
Contactor
Two Pole Switch
Fig. 22
Main Circuit MCB L N
Contactor
Two Pole Switch
Fig. 21
Sec1
29
Control and Command - time switch for immersion heater

Having the immersion heater running all day is wasteful of energy, but it can be inconvenient to remember to turn it on and off when needed.
In most households hot water is required in the mornings from 7am to 9am and then in the evening from 5pm until 8pm. The addition of a time switch in the consumer unit allows the heater circuit to be switched on or off to suit the occupiers specific requirements. The time switch is easily programmed and, being a 7 day device, the times set can be different at the weekends if required. Time setting interval: 1 minute. Note: The circuit cable must be sized and installed in accordance with BS7671 of the Wiring Regulations.
L 16A MCB N 2 4 6 L Time switch
To heater
Fig. 23
CPT11
30
Sec1
Control and Command - audible services

Many domestic bells are battery operated but in a commercial situation this is not practical nor economic.
It is preferable to operate bell circuits as separated extralow voltage circuits where the circuit is isolated from earth in such a way that a single fault cannot give rise to a risk of electric shock. The voltage source is derived from a safety transformer complying with BS3535 and having a secondary voltage of 8V. The transformer may be mounted in the consumer unit board or in an individual enclosure along with the audible device.
MCB L 240v N
Transformer
8v
Bell Pushes
Bell
Fig. 24
Sec1
31
1
Description Time base Time accuracy Programming Manual control Motor supply Back up Contact Operating temp. Terminals Cover Mounting Dimensions mm
Control and Command - performance figures

Analogue time switches
24 hour programmable timer Quartz One second per day, not accumulative Mechanical sliders, minimum interval 15 minutes Maximum 48 switchings per day 3 position switch under front cover: ON Automatic OFF 230V +/- 10% 5060Hz Load 2VA 100 hour capacitor type battery 1 changeover, rated 250V 5060 Hz 16A resistive. 4A at 0.6 pf -10C to +50C Tunnel type, up to 6mm2 Clear plastic, sealable On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Width Height Depth Table 13 18 (1 module) 90 66 CTS24
1 L 2 N 1 2 3 4
CTS24
(L) Live
(N) Neutral Off
32
Sec1

Digital time switches
Description Time base Time accuracy Display Programming Languages Manual control Min. switch time Summer/winter Cover Motor supply Back up Contacts Operating temp. Mounting Terminals Dimensions mm 7 day programmable digital time switch Quartz One second per day, not accumulative Time, day, date, contact status and mode Multi lingual menu driven programming English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese or German Override, temporary or permanent One minute Manual or automatic control for UK, Europe or USA Clear plastic, sealable 230V +/- 10% 50-60Hz Load 6VA Battery: 1 channel 3 years, 2 channel 5 years 1 changeover, rated 250V 50-60 Hz 16A resistive. 10A at 0.6 pf Motor load: 2300 VA -10C to +50C On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Tunnel type, up to 6mm2 Width Height Depth 45 (2.5 module) 90 66
L 1 3 N 2 4 6 auto 31 03 01 off 11:02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CPT11
Switching operations 1 channel: 28, 2 channel: 42

L 1 3 5
(L) Live
Table 14
(N) Neutral
Sec1
33
1
Presence detector
Description Location Supply Detection zone Contact rating

Infra red sensor for lighting control Lighting is switched if persons are detected and the lighting level is below the pre set threshold Ceiling mounted 2.5 to 3 m above floor level 230V 50Hz 360C horizontally 180C vertically 2000W incandescent lamps, 1000W LV halogen lamps 1000VA fluorescent tubes with standard control gear 16x(1x36W), 12x(2x36), 12x(1x58W) or 8x(2x58W) fluorescents with electronic control gear For higher ratings use contactor to switch the load High resolution close range 4m dia, safe distance range 24m dia 20 1300 lux 4 15 minutes adjustable IP20 -15C to +50C CPD360
A: Sensor B: Sitting position A 1m B
Maximum reach Switching threshold Switch off delay Enclosure Operating temp. Table 15
12m
2m
1m
1m
2m
12m
Close range (radius of 2m) Distant range (radius of 12m)
34
Sec1

PIR detector
Description Passive infra red detector for sensing movement within the specified detection zone. A built in cell ensures that the lighting is only switched when the ambient light level is below that set on the device. For switching security or safety lighting 12 metres and 180C. The angular range may be reduced by using the shroud supplied. Adjustable 3 80 lux After movement detection the contacts stay closed for an adjustable time period of 4 seconds to 15 minutes. 250V ac 10A resistive , 6A at 0.6 pf*, halogen lamps 500w, incandescent 1000W 230V +/- 10% 50Hz -25C to +55C IP54 Wall mounted positioned to cover the area to be secured
* Incandescent 1000W, Halogen 500W Fluorescent lamps must be switched via a relay.
Function Detection zone Ambient light level Switch off delay Contact rating Supply Operating temp. Protection Mounting Table 16
CPIR
Room thermostat
Description Function Mounting Temperature range Differential Range limitation Supply Contact Contact rating Protection Terminals Table 17 Room thermostat Simple room thermostat for the control of room heating Wall mounting onto flat vertical surface +5C to +30C 0.5K The setting range can be restricted by using adjusting rings inside the adjustment dial 230V +/-10% 50Hz Normally closed contact, opens on rising temperature 10A resistive, 4A at 0.6 pf IP40 Tunnel terminals accept up to 2.5mm2
CRT1
Sec1
35
1
Audible alarms
Description Supply Load Sound level Mounting Terminals Dimensions mm

Audible alarms 8V ac for use with SQD bell transformer reference CBX8 3.6VA 70dB On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Tunnel terminals for cables up to 4mm2 Width 18 (1 module) Height 82 Depth 63
CBZ8, CBL8 & CBX8
Table 18
230Vac
(L) Live (N) Neutral
Bell transformer
Description Standards Supply Mounting Terminals Dimensions mm Double insulated bell transformer Designed and tested to BS3535 Pt 1, BSEN 60742, BSEN 61558 Primary 240V 50Hz Secondary 8V 8VA On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Tunnel terminals for cables up to 4mm2 Width 36 (2 modules) Height 80 Depth 74
8Vac Push button
8Vac
Table 19
CBX8 Transformer CBZ8 Buzzer CBL8 Bell
230Vac 8Vac 8Vac 8Vac 8Vac
36
Sec1

Light sensitive switch
Description Function Sensor Light levels Time delay Status Supply Burden Contact Terminal capacity Mounting Dimensions mm Light sensitive switch Monitors the ambient light level to switch on lighting when this falls below the preset threshold. The switch is supplied with a photo cell for remote mounting 2 ranges are selectable: 2 35 lux or 35 - 2000 lux 80 seconds to prevent inadvertent operation due to sudden light level changes LED indicator on front face of switch 220 / 240 V 50Hz 2.2VA 1 changeover, rated 250V 10A resistive, 1100W lighting, For larger loads use a suitable contactor to switch the load Main terminals 0.5 6mm2, control terminals 0.5 2.5mm2 On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Width 63 (3.5 modules) Height 81 Depth 65
* For fluorescent and halogen lamps a relay must be used.
CLS110
Table 20
Photo Cell Photo Cell
3 35 to 2000 lux 2 to 35 lux
(L) Live
5 lux - Night 20 lux
Brightness adjustment 35 lux
2 off
6 on
200 lux 1000 lux
Lamp supply
Lamp
Brightness adjustment 2000 lux
(N) Neutral
Sec1
37
1
Control relay
Description Function Contacts Manual control Supply Consumption Mounting Terminals Dimensions mm

Control relay General purpose relay for control circuit uses. One changeover contact and one normally open contact, rated 250V ac 10A resistive. The relay has a pushbutton on the front for testing purposes which also acts as an indicator, showing red when the coil is energised. 230 / 240 V 50 Hz 4VA inrush and hold On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Main Tunnel type, 0.5 6mm2 Coil Tunnel type, 0.5 2.5mm2 Width 18 (1 module) Height 81 Depth 69
CCR110
(L) Live
1 A1 5
Switch
A1
2 4
A2
A2
Table 21
(N) Neutral
Time delay ON relay

Description Function Time range Adjustment Indication Contact Contact rating Supply Mounting Terminals Dimensions mm Time delay ON relay. After coil energisation the contacts close at the end of the set time delay. Use to delay the switching of a circuit. In large lighting schemes they can be used to stagger the lighting switchon to limit the inrush current. 0.1 seconds to 10 hours in 7 ranges. Accuracy +/- 10% of full scale 2 adjustment knobs on the front face, under a transparent sealable cover Green indicator on front face. Flashes during timing period 1 changeover contact 250V ac. 8A resistive, 3A at 0.6 pf 220 / 240 V 50Hz, 24Vdc 10% On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Tunnel type, 0.5 6mm2 or 2x2.5mm2 Width 18 (1 module) Height 81 Depth 60
CTR1
250v 50Hz Control MCB Switch C S Load MCB Control Switch A1 15
Load T 18 16 A2
Load N
Table 22 38 Sec1

Control Time delay OFF relay
Description Function Time delay relay, relay de-energises after preset time, adjustable 1 7 minutes Relay is intended for use in lighting circuits. On energisation of the relay the lighting is switched on. After the preset time period the lighting is switched off. This ensures that lighting is not left on unnecessarily and so is ideal for areas such as hallways, stairways etc where persons are not continually present. The relay may also be used to control a ventilation fan so that it runs on after the lights have been switched off (option 1). 1 to 7 minutes in 15 second steps Override switch on front face allows lighting to be switched on permanently 1 normally open contact The switch on the side of the device must be in position 4 if the control switches are placed in the live side (normal practice) 250V ac. 16A resistive, 2000W maximum lighting load, Incandescent only, 540W fluorescent 220 / 240 V 50Hz 200VA inrush, 1.1VA hold On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures Main Coil Width Height Depth Tunnel type, 0.5 6mm2 Tunnel type, 0.5 2.5mm2 18 (1 module) 87 70
Option 2 Push Button N Lamp Load Delay off Timer setting 4 Option 1 Switch (N) Neutral Lamp Load (L) Live Lamp Fan P 3 P 3 (L) Live
CDT116
Time range Manual control Contact Note Contact rating Supply Consumption Mounting Terminals Dimensions mm
Switch
Fan Load
Push Button
Delay off Timer setting P 3
(N) Neutral
Lamp
Time
Table 23
Sec1
39
1
1.1 All MCB consumer units shall be manufactured to BSEN60439 parts 1 and 3 and shall have been subjected to a 16kA (CM16) through fault. All MCB consumer units shall incorporate a fully shrouded main busbar assembly, which shall provide protection by insulating barriers to a minimum of IP2X (as defined in BSEN60529), with the front cover removed. The removal of any incoming or outgoing device shall not reduce the level of protection provided. Busbar insulating barriers shall be factory fitted, permanently fixed and non-removable. It should not be necessary to remove any part of the insulating barriers to connect any incoming or outgoing device as listed in items 2.1 and 2.2. 1.4
Specification for consumer units

Specification for consumer units.
1.2
Busbar insulating barriers shall be constructed so as to remain unaffected by removal of circuit protection devices and system changes, i.e. IP2X must be maintained at all times in all ways, populated or spare. It shall not be necessary to fit insulating boots or other removable accessories to achieve and maintain the IP2X status on the busbar-insulating barrier. Where spare outgoing ways are available, it shall be possible to mount any DIN control product in those outgoing ways without modification of the assembly. All MCB consumer units shall be IP30 with cover fitted.
1.7
Consumer unit enclosures may be manufactured from sheet steel or be of all insulated construction. To allow for all installation requirements to be met, and for consistent levels of busbar insulation throughout, the manufacturer shall provide a complete range of consumer units including:- Standard, Dual supply, Multi tariff, Split load. Provision shall be made for flush mounting of metal enclosure consumer units.
1.11 All MCB consumer units shall include numbered labelling to all connection points including earth and neutral terminals. 1.12 To allow faster installation and guarantee connection integrity, all incoming and outgoing devices intended for protection or isolation will be of the plug on type. 1.13 Earth bars will allow for bonding connections. 1.14 All consumer units must be able to accept on the outgoing side a mixture of MCBs, RCBOs and RCCBs with control and command devices without any modification to the unit.
1.8
1.5
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.10 Metal enclosures shall include cable entry knockouts suitable for double insulated cables or conduit entry. Insulated enclosures shall incorporate pre-formed cable entry points.
40
Sec1
Specification for devices to be used in consumer units

Specification for devices to be used in consumer units.
2.1
The following incoming devices will be available for use in both insulated and metal clad consumer units. RCCBs may be used as a main incomer or in the intermediary position in a split load unit. 100A switch disconnection to BSEN 60947-3. 100A terminal block. 100A - 30mA, 100mA or 100mATD or 300mA RCCB to BSEN 61008. 63A - 30mA or 100mA RCCB to BSEN 61008.
2.3
To allow for all installation circuit protection requirements to be met, and make provision for future systems upgrades, all consumer Units will accept the following outgoing devices in any mix or combination:Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) having the following characteristics: Plug on connection type. B or C curve. Manufactured and tested to BSEN60898, and BSEN60947-2. Have an energy let through level class 3. RCBOs having the following characteristics: Manufactured and tested to BSEN61009. A breaking capacity of 6kA to BSEN60898. B curve. Permanent non adjustable and non removable earth fault protection.
A width of no more than one outgoing way. Automatic protection against reverse polarity. Automatic disconnection of the live circuit in the event of a lost neutral. Plug-on connection type have a let through energy level Class 3. 2.4 For the purpose of energy management and control and energy management, the consumer unit manufacturer shall be able to supply the following products loose or pre-wired within the consumer unit. Contactors from 25A to 63A. Impulse relays. Single and dual channel time switches. ELV transformer and compatible bell/buzzer.
2.2
In order to provide greater on site flexibility, as standard all consumer units will be available without incoming devices fitted. On request, the consumer unit manufacturer shall be able to supply consumer units fitted with both incoming and outgoing devices. The manufacturer shall also be able to pre-wire internal control circuits where applicable.
Sec1
41
1
Standard
For small commercial applications.
A type single phase distribution boards

LoadCentre KQ a range overview. A type distribution boards have a higher performance level than consumer units, incoming devices up to 125A with outgoing LoadCentre KQ MCBs at 10kA. Split load
For small commercial applications requiring partial RCD protection.
Specialised
For specific applications

Metal - from 2 to 24 outgoing ways
Higher IP rating A range of colours Multi tariff units
Metal - a range of splits with up to 12 outgoing ways
A type standard
A type split load
42
Sec1
1
Control and command
For automated control of a range of electrical loads.

Incoming devices
For incoming isolation, control and protection.

Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs)

For outgoing isolation, control and protection.

Residual current circuit breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBOs)

For outgoing isolation, control and protection.

Surge protection control devices

The same products are used in an A type board as are used in the consumer unit. Protection is via a 20A 10kA LoadCentre KQ MCB.
Switch disconnector 125A Terminal block - 125A for direct cable connection RCCBs - 63A or 100A, with sensitivities of 30, 100 or 300mA
B, C or D curve 3 to 63A current ratings 10kA rated to BS EN 60898 15kA rated to BS EN 60947-2
Contactors up to 40A single phase Bell transformer and compatible bells/buzzers Light sensitive switches
Only 1 single pole way wide 6 to 45A current ratings 30mA C curve
Sec1
43
1
Step 1
loadCentre KQ is supplied without devices as standard, offering the flexibility to choose from distributors shelf what incomers to fit. Alternatively we can assemble and pre-wire the unit if required.

LoadCentre KQ - a step by step guide to the benefits as you install, A type single phase or B type three phase.
Step 3
The unique fully encapsulated busbar system provides much higher levels of protection against direct contact with live parts during testing.
Step 2
KQs unique fixing system provides a common platform for both devices and control devices. This means no adaptation or separate wall space is required for items such as bell transformers or time switches for garden lighting.
Step 4
All devices plug on so connections are guaranteed and installation time is considerably reduced.
44
Sec1
Specification for LoadCentre KQ distribution boards

Specification for LoadCentre KQ distribution boards.
1.1
All MCB single phase distribution boards shall be manufactured to BSEN60439 parts 1 and 3 and shall have been subjected to a 16kA (CM16) through fault. All MCB distribution boards shall incorporate a fully shrouded main busbar assembly, which shall provide protection by insulating barriers to a minimum of IP2X (as defined in BSEN60529), with the front cover removed. The removal of any incoming or outgoing device shall not reduce the level of protection provided. Busbar insulating barriers shall be factory fitted, permanently fixed and non-removable. It should not be necessary to remove any part of the insulating barriers to connect any incoming or outgoing device as listed in items 2.1 and 2.2.
1.4
1.2
Busbar insulating barriers shall be constructed so as to remain unaffected by removal of circuit protection devices and system changes, i.e. IP2X must be maintained at all times in all ways, populated or spare. It shall not be necessary to fit insulating boots or other removable accessories to achieve and maintain the IP2X status on the busbar-insulating barrier. Where spare outgoing ways are available, it shall be possible to mount any DIN control product in those outgoing ways without modification of the assembly. All MCB distribution boards shall be IP30 with cover fitted.
1.7
Distribution board enclosures may be manufactured from sheet steel. To allow for all installation requirements to be met, and for consistent levels of busbar insulation throughout, the manufacturer shall provide a complete range of distribution boards including:Standard, Dual supply. Provision shall be made for flush mounting of metal enclosure.
boards shall include numbered labelling to all connection points including earth and neutral terminals. 1.12 To allow faster installation and guarantee connection integrity, all outgoing devices intended for protection or isolation will be of the plug on type. 1.13 Earth bars will allow for bonding connections. 1.14 All distribution boards must be able to accept on the outgoing side a mixture of MCBs, RCBOs and RCCBs with control and command devices without any modification to the unit.
1.8
1.9 1.5
1.3
1.6
1.10 Metal enclosures shall include cable entry knockouts suitable for double insulated cables or conduit entry. Insulated enclosures shall incorporate pre-formed cable entry points. 1.11 All MCB distribution
Sec1
45
Specification for devices to be used in LoadCentre KQ distribution boards

Specification for devices to be used in LoadCentre KQ distribution boards.
2.1
The following incoming devices will be available for use. RCCBs may be used as a main incomer or in the intermediary position in a split load unit. 125/250A Switch Disconnection to BS EN 60947-3. 125A terminal block. 100A - 30mA, 100mA or 100mATD or 300mA RCCB to BSEN 61008. 63A - 30mA or 100mA RCCB to BSEN 61008.
2.3
To allow for all installation circuit protection requirements to be met, and make provision for future systems upgrades, all distribution boards will accept the following outgoing devices in any mix or combination:Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) having the following characteristics: Plug on connection type. B, C or D curve. Manufactured and tested to BSEN60898, and BSEN60947-2. Have an energy let through level class 3. RCBOs having the following characteristics: Manufactured and tested to BSEN61009. A breaking capacity of 10kA to BSEN60898. C curve. Permanent non adjustable and non removable earth fault protection.
A width of no more than one outgoing way. Automatic protection against reverse polarity. Automatic disconnection of the live circuit in the event of a lost neutral. Plug-on connection type have a let through energy level Class 3. 2.4 For the purpose of energy management and control and energy management, the distribution board manufacturer shall be able to supply the following products loose or pre-wired within the consumer unit. Contactors from 25A to 100A. Impulse relays. Single and dual channel time switches. ELV transformer and compatible bell/buzzer.
2.2
In order to provide greater on site flexibility, as standard all distribution boards will be available without incoming devices fitted. On request, the distribution board manufacturer shall be able to supply units fitted with both incoming and outgoing devices. The manufacturer shall also be able to pre-wire internal control circuits where applicable.
46
Sec1
Commercial and industrial solutions for 3 phase distribution
Section 2
When designing a three phase system for commercial or industrial use different criteria has to be taken into consideration; this section leads the designer through from transformer to final load protection. It describes the type of protection required at different levels within the system and the way in which the protection devices operate. Discrimination is preferred within this type of system as the loss of supply to a part of the building can have serious consequences; the guide will lead the designer through choice of device and includes tabulated information on which device to use. Cascading is also explained in this section, which can lead to reduced costs while maintaining the performance of the system. Information on motor control and protection are also detailed within this section.
introduction
Contents
The requirements of electrical power distribution Earthing systems MV/LV transformers and selection of devices Determination of short circuit current Discrimination using circuit breakers Discrimination using residual current devices Energy let through levels and cables sizes Cascading using circuit breakers Moulded case circuit breaker performance figures Miniature circuit breakers for industrial applications Surge protection Protection of motor circuits Busbar trunking
section 2
Sec2
2
Established in the UK in 1955, Square D has developed an expertise which ensures it is well positioned to serve the public sector buildings market with cost effective solutions in electrical distribution, protection and control. With this expertise brings a wealth of experience represented by Square Ds involvement in a broad spectrum of public sector building projects including those related to the sectors of: Safety
Benefit of Square Ds expertise

Cost effectiveness To ensure best value is attained from capital and operational investment of public funds.
To ensure the highest level of protection is afforded to public building stock and the people who use them. Quality To meet expectations regarding reliability and service life of installed equipment. Continuity To ensure the integrity of electrical networks guarantee the continuous operation of critical installations. Flexibility To help accommodate the changes of use and the modifications that public buildings may require.
Health Education Leisure services Emergency services Public building & Public housing
Sec2
The requirements of electrical power distribution

The design of LV installations leads to protection devices being fitted for four types of faults:
Overloads Short circuits Insulation faults Overvoltages
Operation of these protection devices must allow for:
The statutory aspects, particularly relating to safety of people Technical and economic requirements
Achievement of these objectives requires coordination of protection device performance, necessary for:
Overvoltage protection
Safety and availability of energy are the operators prime requirements. Coordination of protection devices ensures these needs are met at optimised cost.
Managing safety and increasing durability of the installation by limiting stresses Managing availability so eliminating the fault by means of the protection devices immediately upstream
Risk assessment of the site and equipment will define the level of surge protection required to deal with overvoltages. High risk areas must also respect initial discrimination
The chosen protection must: Withstand and eliminate faults at optimised cost with respect to the necessary performance Limit the effect of a fault to the smallest part possible of the installation in order to ensure continuity of supply
The circuit breaker coordination means are:

Cascading Discrimination
If the insulation fault is specifically dealt with by earth fault protection devices, discrimination of the residual current devices (RCD's) must also be guaranteed.
Sec2

Structure of LV electrical power distribution
The various levels of an LV electrical installation
Main switchboard 20 kV/400 V 1000 kVA 1600 A 23 kA 45 kA 1000 kVA
Each of the three levels of the installation has specific availability and safety needs.
Protection devices and their coordination must be suited to the specific features of the installation.
1000 A Power distribution switchboard industrial/commercial 40 kA Distribution workshop 1
At the main switchboard, the need for energy availability is greatest At the sub-distribution switchboards, limitation of stresses in event of a fault is important At final distribution, operation of the device in the shortest time relative to the type of fault
400 A 100 A Non-priority feeders Priority feeders 20 kA
Sub-distribution switchboard
100 A
160 A
75 kW
Distribution board 15 kA
Distribution enclosure
16 A
M
Lighting, heating, etc. Building utilities
M
Distribution
Fig. 25
Simplified diagram of a standard installation covering most of the cases observed in practice.
Sec2

Circuit breaker functions
This connection device is able to close and break a circuit regardless of current up to its breaking capacity. The functions to be performed are:

Level A: the main switchboard

This unit is the key to the entire electrical power distribution: availability of supply is essential in this part of the installation.

Main data of these circuit breakers

Of industrial type, meeting standard BS EN 60947-2 With a high ultimate breaking capacity (lcu) from 65 to 150 kA With a nominal rating of 1000 to more than 5000 A Category B to BS EN 60947-2: With a high withstand value from 65 kA to 100 kA -1s With a high electrodynamic withstand (EDW) With a stored energy operating mechanism allowing quick changeover to standby supplies
Continuity of supply is ensured by total discrimination:
Upstream with the protection fuses or circuit breakers of the HV/LV transformer (*) Downstream with all the feeders (time discrimination)
Close the circuit Conduct current Open the circuit and break the current Guarantee isolation
Short circuit currents are high due to: The close proximity of the HV/LV transformer Large sized busbars for conveying high currents
The requirements concerning installation, cost optimisation, management of availability and safety generate differing technological choices concerning the circuit breaker.
This is the area of the power circuit breakers These circuit breakers are designed for high current electrical distribution:
(*) The benefit of HV/LV discrimination lies above all in the fact that resumption of operation has fewer constraints in LV (accessibility, padlocking). This offers considerable advantages for continuity of supply.
They are normally installed in the main switchboard to protect high current incomers and feeders They must remain closed in event of short circuits so as to let the downstream circuit breaker eliminate the faults. Their operation is normally time-delayed
ElectroDynamic Withstand (EDW) and high thermal withstand characterised by a short time withstand current (lcw) are essential i.e. 65kA/1 sec.
Sec2

Level B: the sub distribution board
These boards belong to the intermediate part of the installation: Distribution is via correctly sized busbar trunking or cables Sources are still relatively close: short circuit currents can reach 100 kA The need for continuity of supply is still very great This is the area of the moulded case circuit breakers These circuit breakers must open and break the current as quickly as possible. The main need is to avoid as far as possible stresses at cable and connection level and even at load level. For this purpose, repulsion at contact level must be encouraged in order to eliminate the fault even as the current is rising. The repulsion effects can be enhanced by the inclusion of magnetic circuits on the main contacts. Main data of the moulded case circuit breakers:

Continuity of supply is ensured by discrimination:
Of industrial type, meeting standard BS EN 60947-2 With a high breaking capacity (25 to 50 kA) With a nominal rating from 100 A to 1600 A Category B for high rating circuit breakers (> 630 A) Category A for lower rating circuit breakers (< 630 A) With fast closing and opening and with three operating positions (ON/OFF/Tripped)
Total for downstream distribution - priority feeder solutions Partial, possibly, to supply non-priority feeders
Protection devices must consequently limit stresses and be perfectly coordinated with upstream and downstream LV distribution.
Sec2

Level C: final distribution
The protection devices are placed directly upstream of the loads: discrimination with the higher level protection devices must be provided. A lower level of short circuit current characterises this level, due to the length of cables in the system. This is the area of the miniature circuit breaker These circuit breakers are designed to protect final loads. The purpose is to limit stresses on cables, connections and loads. The technologies for the miniature circuit breakers, mainly used at this installation level, prevent such stresses from occurring. In miniature circuit breakers, limitation partly depends on the magnetic actuator. Once the mechanism has been released, it will strike the moving contact making it move at a high speed very early on. Arc voltage thus develops very quickly at a very early stage. For small rating circuit breakers, specific pole impedance contributes to limitation. The miniature circuit breaker is ideal for domestic use and for the protection of auxiliaries; it then conforms to standard BS EN 60898. On the other hand, if it is installed for industrial use, it must meet standard BS EN 60947-2. Main data of these circuit breakers:
The protection devices installed must provide:

A breaking capacity to match needs (i.e. Below 10 kA on average) A nominal rating of 1.5 to 125 A according to the loads to be supplied Intended for domestic applications: must conform to standard BS EN 60898*
Current limitation Operating convenience Absolute safety Disconnectors
(*) If the MCBs are to be operated by unskilled users they must meet the domestic or similar standard.
Sec2

Standard BS EN 60947-2, circuit breakers for industrial use
Changes in user needs and technologies have led to a marked increase in standards requirements for industrial circuit breakers. Conformity with standard EN 60947-2 and BS EN 60947-2 can be considered as an all-risk insurance for use of circuit breakers. This standard has been approved by all countries.
The principles Standard BS EN 60947-2 is part of a series of standards defining the specifications for LV electrical switchgear:
This standard defines the main data of industrial circuit breakers:
Relevant British standards.

BS EN 60439-3 Specifications for low voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies. Particular requirements for low voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies intended to be installed in places where unskilled persons have access to their use - distribution boards. BS EN 60898 Circuit breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar installations. Circuit breakers for AC and DC operation. BS EN 61009 Specification for residual current operated circuit breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household or similar uses (RCBOs). Applicability of the general rules to RCBOs functionally independent of line voltage. BS EN 61008 Specification for residual current operated circuit breakers without integral overcurrent protection for households or similar uses (RCCBs). Applicability of the general rules to RCCBs functionality independent of line voltages. BS EN 60439-1 Specification for low voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies type tested and partially type tested assemblies. BS EN 60497-2 Specification for low voltage switchgear and control gear - circuit breakers.
The general rules BS EN 60947-1, that group the definitions, specifications and tests common to all LV industrial switchgear The product standards BS EN 60947-2 to 7, that deal with specifications and tests specific to the product concerned
Their classification: utilisation category, suitability for isolation, etc The electrical setting data The information useful for operation The design measures Coordination of protection devices
Standard BS EN 60947-2 applies to circuit breakers and their associated trip units. Circuit breaker operating data depend on the trip units or relays that control their opening in specific conditions.
Fig. 26
Sec2
The standard also draws up series of conformity tests to be undergone by the circuit breakers. These tests, which are very complete, are very close to real operating conditions. Conformity of these tests with standard BS EN 60947-2 is verified by accredited laboratories. Circuit breaker category Category BS EN 60947-2 defines two circuit breaker categories:
This is normally the case of power or moulded case circuit breakers with high ratings. For circuit breakers installed in the main switchboard, it is important to have an lcw equal to lcu in order to naturally provide discrimination up to full ultimate breaking capacity lcu. (See table 24)
Standard BS EN 60947-2 specifies the main data of Industrial circuit breakers: The utilisation category The setting data The design measures It draws up a series of very complete tests representative of circuit breaker real operating conditions. In appendix A, it recognises and defines Coordination of Protection Devices - Discrimination and Cascading. Conformity of a circuit breaker with standard BS EN 60947-2 is a must for industrial BS EN switchgear.
Table of main data to BS EN 60947-1

Voltage data Current data Ue Ui Uimp In Ith Ithe Iu Icm Icu Ics Icw Ir 1.05 x Ir 1.30 x Ir Ii Isd Rated operational voltage Rated insulation voltage Rated impulse withstand voltage Rated operational current Conventional free air thermal current Conventional enclosed thermal current Rated uninterrupted current Rated short circuit making capacity Rated ultimate short circuit breaking Rated service breaking capacity Rated short time withstand current Adjustable overload setting current Conventional non-tripping current Conventional tripping current Instantaneous tripping setting current Short time tripping setting current
Short circuit data capacity Protection data
Category A circuit breakers, for which no tripping delay is provided. This is normally the case of moulded case circuit breakers
Table 24
These circuit breakers can also provide current discrimination.
Category B circuit breakers, for which, in order to provide time discrimination, tripping can be delayed for all short circuits of value less than the current lcw
Sec2

Reminders of standard related electrical data.
The setting data are given by the tripping curves. These curves contain some areas limited by the following currents (defined in appendix K of standard BS EN 60947-2). Rated operational current (ln) ln (in A rms) = maximum uninterrupted current withstand at a given ambient temperature without abnormal temperature rise. E.g. 125 A at 40 C
Adjustable overload setting current (lr) lr (in A rms) is a function of ln. lr characterises overload protection. For operation in overload, the conventional non-tripping currents lnd and tripping currents ld are:

Short time tripping setting current (lsd) lsd (in kA rms) is a function of lsd characterises short circuit protection*. The circuit breaker opens according to the short time tripping curve:

Instantaneous tripping setting current (li) li (in kA) is given as a function of ln. It characterises the instantaneous short circuit protection for all circuit breaker categories. For high overcurrents (short circuits) greater than the li threshold, the circuit breaker must immediately break the fault current. This protection device can be disabled according to the technology and type of circuit breaker (particularly B category circuit breakers).
t
Either with a time delay tsd Or with constant l2t Or instantaneously (similar to instantaneous protection)
lnd = 1.05 lr ld = 1.30 lr
ld is given for a conventional tripping time. For a current greater than ld, tripping by thermal effect will take place according to an inverse time curve. lr is known as Long Time Protection (LT).
lsd is known as Short Time Protection or lm. * Ir for electronic protection or In for thermal magnetic protection.
td
tsd
Ir
Isd
Ii
Icu
Fig. 27
10
Sec2

Circuit breaker coordination.
2
D1
The term coordination concerns the behaviour of two devices placed in series in electrical power distribution in the presence of a short circuit. Cascading, back-up protection - service ratings This consists of installing an upstream circuit breaker D1 to help a downstream circuit breaker D2 to break short circuit currents greater than its ultimate breaking capacity lcu D2. This value is marked lcu D2+D1. BS EN 60947-2 recognises cascading between two circuit breakers. For critical points, where tripping curves overlap, cascading must be verified by tests.
Cascading provides circuit breakers placed downstream of a limiting circuit breaker with an enhanced breaking capacity. The limiting circuit breaker helps the circuit breaker placed downstream by limiting high short circuit currents. Cascading makes it possible to use a circuit breaker with a breaking capacity lower than the short circuit current calculated at its installation point. (Fig. 28)
t
D2 D1
Discrimination This consists of providing coordination between the operating characteristics of circuit breakers placed in series so that should a downstream fault occur, only the circuit breaker placed immediately upstream of the fault will trip. BS EN 60947-2 defines a current value ls known as the discrimination limit such that:
Discrimination and cascading can only be guaranteed by the manufacturer who will record and publish his tests in tables. These tables should give the discrimination level with respect to all types of overload and short circuit. (Fig. 29)
D2
D1
D2
overlapping area
I IB Icu Icu
Glossary
D2
D1
lsc(D1): Short circuit current at the point where D1 is installed lcuD1: Ultimate breaking capacity of D1 See page 27 for cascading tables Cascading may be applied to more than 2 breakers in service, even if they are not in the same switchboard
D1
If the fault current is less than this value ls, only the downstream circuit breaker D2 trips If the fault current is greater than this value ls, both circuit breakers D1 and D2 trip
Fig. 29
D2
I IB Icu Icu
Just as for cascading, discrimination must be verified by tests for critical points.
D2
D2+D1
Fig. 28
Sec2
11

Summarising table
Main switchboard Level A Switchboard data Nominal I Isc Thermal withstand lcw/EDW Continuity of supply Circuit breaker Type Standard IEC 60947-2 Trip unit Thermal magnetic Electronic Product data Standard ln Icu Utilisation category Limiting capacity Table 25 Recommended or compulsory Possible *** Important ** Normal * Not very important (1) For use by unskilled persons BS EN 60898 (2) Possible up to 250 A (3) Sizing of the switchboard at level A means that this characteristic is not very important for standard applications 1000 to 6300 A 50 kA to 150 kA *** *** Sub distribution switchboard Level B 100 to 1000 A 20 kA to 50 kA * *** Final distribution switchboard Level C 1 to 100 A 3 kA to 15 kA * **
Air circuit breaker or moulded case circuit breaker
Moulded case circuit breaker (2) 100 to 630 A 20 kA to 50 kA A or B ***
Miniature circuit breaker (1)
800 to 6300 A 50 kA to 150 kA B * (3)
1 to 125 A 3 kA to 25 kA A ***
12
Sec2
Earthing systems
NB: Standard BS 7671 defines various types of earthing systems. In short:
L1 L2 L3 N
TT systems often require the use of residual current protection due to the higher earth loop impedance involved
TT: The neutral point of the LV transformer is earthed. The equipment frames are connected to a separate earth TN-C*: where the system N&PE conductors are combined TN-S: where the system N&PE conductors are separate IT: The neutral point of the LV transformer is unearthed. The equipment frames are earthed
PE TT
L1 L2 L3 N PE
TNC combined N/PE conductors TNS separate N/PE conductors TNC-S combined N/PE conductors to point A then separate conductors
The earthing systems (and associated automatic breaking techniques) have been defined to guarantee protection of people against indirect contacts.
(*) RCD protection must not be used in a TN-C system upstream of the N/E connection.
TNC
TNS
L1 L2 L3 N PE High impedance
Continuous insulation monitor IT
IT systems are for specific use where a very high degree of security of supply is needed. A single earth fault is allowed on the system but it must have a monitoring device fitted, in the event of a double earth fault one of the protection devices must operate
Fig. 30
Sec2
13
Selecting circuit breakers supplied by MV/LV transformers

Maximum short circuit current downstream of an MV/LV transformer
The values indicated in the table below correspond to a bolted 3 phase short circuit across the LV terminals of an MV/LV transformer connected to a network with a short circuit power of 500MVA.
Selecting incoming or outgoing circuit breakers according to the number and kVA rating of source transformers.
Transformer kVA rating

16 415V In (A) Isc (A) Impedance usual (%) Table 26 22 450 4.75 25 53 700 4.75 40 56 1120 4.75 50 70 1390 4.75 63 88 1760 4.75 80 112 2230 4.75 100 140 2790 4.75 125 174 3490 4.75 160 223 4460 4.75 200 278 5580 4.75 250 348 6970 4.75 315 438 8790 4.75 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000
556 696 877 1113 1391 1740 2226 2783 11160 12950 17570 22320 27890 33120 38540 48180 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 5 5.5 5.5
The selection of a circuit breaker protecting a circuit mainly depends on:
HV 1 Isc1 LV A1 D1 B1 Isc2
HV 2 LV A2 D2 B2 Isc3
HV 3 LV A3 D3 B3
For the case involving several transformers in parallel(1): In the incoming circuit breaker D1 must have a breaking capacity higher than the larger of the following 2 values:

The rated current of the source or of the load which determines the rating of the equipment The maximum short circuit current at the point of installation which determines the minimum breaking capacity of the equipment
Either Isc1 (for a short circuit in B1) Or Isc2 + Isc3 (for a short circuit in A1) The outgoing circuit breaker D4 must have a breaking capacity higher than Isc1 + Isc2 + Isc3
D4 C
D5
Fig. 31 Case with several transformers
14
Sec2
Determination of short circuit current

Isc at the load side of a feeder in terms of the Isc at its supply side
The following tables, derived by the method of composition give a rapid and sufficiently accurate value of short circuit current at a point in a network, knowing:
If more precise values are required, it is possible to make a detailed calculation or to use a software package. In such a case, moreover, the possibility of using the cascading technique should be considered, in which the use of a current limiting circuit breaker at the upstream position would allow all circuit breakers downstream of the limiter to have a short circuit current rating much lower than would otherwise be necessary.
Example: The network shown in typifies a case for the application of table. Select the c.s.a. of the conductor in the column for copper conductors (in this example the c.s.a. is 50 mm2). Search along the row corresponding to 50mm2 for the length of conductor equal to that of the circuit concerned (or nearest possible on the low side). Descend vertically the column in which the length is located, and stop at a row in the middle section (of the 3 sections of the table) corresponding to the known fault current level (or the nearest to it on the high side). In this case 30 kA is the nearest to 28 kA on the high side. The value of short circuit current at the downstream end of the 11 metre circuit is given at the intersection of the vertical column in which the length is located, and the horizontal row corresponding to the upstream Isc (or nearest to it on the high side). This value in the example is seen to be 19 kA. Fig. 32
Determination of downstream short circuit current level Isc using table.
The value of short circuit current upstream of the point considered The length and cross section of the circuit between the point at which the short circuit current level is known, and the point at which the level is to be determined
The procedure for aluminium conductors is similar. In consequence, a circuit breaker rated at 63A and Isc of 25kA can be used for the 55A circuit. A circuit breaker* rated at 160A with an Isc capacity of 25kA can be used to protect the 160A circuit.
(*) For the lower current rated breaker, check the cascading table.
It is then sufficient to select a circuit breaker with an appropriate short circuit fault rating immediately above that indicated in the tables.
400V
Icc = 28kA
50mm2 Cu 11 m
Icc = 19kA
1B = 55A
1B = 160A
Sec2
15

Isc at the receiving end of a feeder in terms of the Isc at its sending end
Copper 230/400V c.s.a. of Length of circuit (in metres) phase conductors (in mm2) 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 0.9 120 0.9 1 1.1 150 0.8 1 1.1 1.2 185 1 1.1 1.3 1.5 240 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 300 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2x120 1.5 1.8 2 2.3 2x150 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 2x185 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3x120 2.3 2.7 3 3.5 3x150 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.5 3x185 2.9 3.5 4 4.5 Isc upstream Isc downstream (in kA) (in kA) 100 94 94 93 92 90 85 85 84 83 80 76 76 75 75 70 67 67 66 66 60 58 58 57 57 50 49 48 48 48 40 39 39 39 39 35 34 34 34 34 30 30 329 29 29 25 25 25 25 24 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.5 4 4 5
1.1 1.5 2 2.5 2.7 3 4 5 5.1 5.5 6.5 7.5 8 9.5
1 1.5 2.1 3 4 5 5.5 6.5 8 9.5 10 11 13 15 16 20
0.9 1.3 1.9 2.7 3.5 5 6.5 7 8 10 12 13 14 16 19 21 24
1 1.6 2.2 3 4.5 6 7.5 8 9.5 12 15 15 17 20 23 25 29
0.8 1.4 2.1 3 4 6 8 10 11 13 16 19 20 22 26 30 33 39
1.1 1.7 2.6 3.5 5.5 7.5 10 13 14 16 20 24 25 28 33 38 41 49
0.8 1.3 2.1 3.5 5 7.5 11 15 20 25 27 32 40 49 50 55 65 75 80 95
1 1.7 2.5 4 7 10 15 21 30 40 50 55 65 80 95 100 110 130 150 160 190
0.8 1.3 2.1 3 5.5 8.5 13 19 27 37 50 65 70 80 100 120 130 140 160 190 210 240
1 1.6 2.5 4 6.5 10 16 22 32 44 60 75 80 95 120 150 150 170 200 230 250 290
1.3 2.1 3.5 5 8.5 14 21 30 40 60 80 100 110 130 160 190 200 220 260 300 330 390
1.6 2.6 4 6.5 11 17 26 37 55 75 100 130 140 160 200 240 250 280 300 380 410
3 5 8.5 13 21 34 50 75 110 150 200 250 270 320 400
91 83 74 65 57 48 39 34 29 24 20 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1
83 76 69 61 54 46 37 33 28 24 19 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1
71 66 61 55 48 42 35 31 27 23 19 14 9.5 7 5 4 3 2 1
67 62 57 52 46 40 33 30 26 22 18 14 9.5 7 5 4 3 2 1
63 58 54 49 44 39 32 29 25 22 18 14 9.5 6.5 5 4 2.9 2 1
56 52 49 45 41 36 30 27 24 21 17 13 9.5 6.5 5 4 2.9 2 1
50 47 44 41 38 33 29 26 23 20 17 13 9 6.5 5 4 2.9 2 1
33 32 31 29 27 25 22 21 19 17 14 12 8.5 6 4.5 3.5 2.8 1.9 1
20 20 19 18 18 17 15 15 14 13 11 9.5 7 5.5 4 3.5 2.7 1.9 1
17 16 16 16 15 14 13 13 12 11 10 8.5 6.5 5 4 3.5 2.6 1.8 1
14 14 14 14 13 13 12 11 11 10 9 8 6.5 5 4 3 2.5 1.8 0.9
11 11 11 11 10 10 9.5 9 9 8.5 7.5 7 5.5 4.5 3.5 3 2.4 1.7 0.9
9 9 9 5 8.5 8.5 8 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5 4 3.5 2.9 2.3 1.7 0.9
5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4 4 4 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.9 1.9 1.4 0.8
Table 27
16
Sec2

Isc at the receiving end of a feeder in terms of the Isc at its sending end
Aluminium 230/400V c.s.a. of Length of circuit (in metres) phase conductors (in mm2) 4 4 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 0.9 240 0.9 1 1.1 300 0.9 1 1.2 1.4 2x120 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 2x150 1 1.2 1.4 1.5 2x185 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2x240 1.5 1.8 2 2.3 3x120 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.1 3x150 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.3 3x185 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3X240 2.3 2.7 3 3.5 Isc upstream Isc downstream (in kA) (in kA) 100 94 94 93 92 90 85 85 84 83 80 76 76 75 75 70 67 67 66 66 60 58 58 57 57 50 49 48 48 48 40 39 39 39 39 35 34 34 34 34 30 30 329 29 29 25 25 25 25 24 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
cont...
2
Isc at a point downstream, in terms of a known upstream fault current value and the length and c.s.a. of the intervening conductors, in a 230/400V 3 phase system. Note: For a 3 phase system having 230V between phases, divide the above lengths by 3 = 1.732.
0.8 0.9 1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 2 2.5 2.4 2.6 3 4
0.9 1.3 1.7 1.7 2 2.5 3 3 3.5 4.1 5 4.5 5 6 7.5
0.9 1.3 1.8 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 6.6 7 8 10 9.5 10 12 15
0.8 1.2 1.7 2.3 3 4 4.5 5 6.5 7.5 8 9 10 13 12 13 15 19
1 1.4 2 2.8 4 4.5 5 6 7.5 9 9.5 10 12 15 14 15 18 23
0.8 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.54 5 6.5 7 8 10 12 13 14 16 20 19 21 24 30
1.1 1.7 2.3 3.5 4.5 6.5 8 8.5 10 13 15 16 17 20 25 24 26 30 38
0.8 1.3 2.1 3.5 4.5 6.5 9 13 17 17 20 25 30 32 35 41 50 48 50 60 75
1 1.6 2.6 4 6.5 9 13 18 25 32 34 40 50 60 65 70 80 100 95 100 120 150
1.3 2 3.5 5.5 8.5 12 17 23 32 40 43 50 65 75 80 85 100 130 120 130 150 190
1.6 2.4 4 6.5 10 14 20 28 38 47 50 60 75 90 95 100 120 150 140 150 189 230
2.1 3 5.5 8.5 13 18 26 37 50 65 70 80 100 120 130 140 160 200 190 210 240 300
2.6 4 6.5 11 17 23 33 46 65 80 85 100 130 150 160 170 200 250 240 260 300 380
5 8 13 21 33 46 65 90 130 160 170 240 250 300 320
91 83 74 65 57 48 39 34 29 24 20 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1
83 76 69 61 54 46 37 33 28 24 19 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1
71 66 61 55 48 42 35 31 27 23 19 14 9.5 7 5 4 3 2 1
67 62 57 52 46 40 33 30 26 22 18 14 9.5 7 5 4 3 2 1
63 58 54 49 44 39 32 29 25 22 18 14 9.5 6.5 5 4 2.9 2 1
56 52 49 45 41 36 30 27 24 21 17 13 9.5 6.5 5 4 2.9 2 1
50 47 44 41 38 33 29 26 23 20 17 13 9 6.5 5 4 2.9 2 1
33 32 31 29 27 25 22 21 19 17 14 12 8.5 6 4.5 3.5 2.8 1.9 1
20 20 19 18 18 17 15 15 14 13 11 9.5 7 5.5 4 3.5 2.7 1.9 1
17 16 16 16 15 14 13 13 12 11 10 8.5 6.5 5 4 3.5 2.6 1.8 1
14 14 14 14 13 13 12 11 11 10 9 8 6.5 5 4 3 2.5 1.8 0.9
11 11 11 11 10 10 9.5 9 9 8.5 7.5 7 5.5 4.5 3.5 3 2.4 1.7 0.9
9 9 9 5 8.5 8.5 8 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5 4 3.5 2.9 2.3 1.7 0.9
5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4 4 4 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.9 1.9 1.4 0.8
Table 28 Sec2 17
2
General information
Principle Reminder (see paragraph 1.4. "standard BS EN 60947-2"). Discrimination consists of providing coordination between the operating characteristics of circuit breakers placed in series such that should a downstream fault occur, only the circuit breaker placed immediately upstream of the fault will trip. A discrimination current ls is defined such that: lfault > ls: both circuit breakers trip, lfault < ls: only D2 eliminates the fault. (Fig. 33) Discrimination quality The value ls must be compared with assumed lsc(D2) at point D2 of the installation.
Discrimination
Glossary
lsc(D1): Short circuit current at the point where D1 is installed lcuD1: Ultimate breaking capacity of D1
Discrimination of protection devices is a key factor in continuity of supply. Discrimination is:

Partial Or total
Total discrimination: ls > lsc(D2); discrimination is qualified as total, i.e. whatever the value of the fault current, D2 only will eliminate it Partial discrimination: ls < lsc(D2); discrimination is qualified as partial, i.e. up to ls, only D2 eliminates the fault. Beyond ls, both D1 and D2 open
according to the characteristics of the association of protection devices. The discrimination techniques implemented are:
Current Time
Discrimination can be optimised by use of current limiting downstream circuit breakers.
Manufacturers data In actual fact, manufacturers give discrimination quality intrinsically, i.e.:
D1
Total discrimination, if ls is equal to lcuD1 (the association will never be able to see a fault current greater than this value) Partial discrimination, limited to ls. This value ls can nevertheless be greater than lsc(D2). Seen by the user, discrimination is then total
D2
I fault
Ir D2 D2 only trips
Is D1 and D2 trip
I fault
Fig. 33
18
Sec2
Discrimination using circuit breakers

Discrimination techniques
2
t
D2 D1 Icu D2
Ir2
current discrimination
Current discrimination This technique is directly linked to the staging of the Long Time (LT) tripping curves of two serial-connected circuit breakers.
Discrimination quality Discrimination is total if ls > lsc(D2), i.e. lsd1 > lsc(D2). This normally implies:
A relatively low level lsc(D2) A large difference between the
The discrimination limit ls is:
Short circuit protection

D2 D1 D1
ls = lsd2 if the thresholds lsd1 and lsd2 are too close or merge ls = lsd1 if the thresholds lsd1 and lsd2 are sufficiently far apart
Tripping of the upstream device D1 is time delayed by t.

D2
The conditions required for current discrimination must be fulfiled The time delay t of the upstream device D1 must be sufficient for the downstream device to be able to eliminate the fault
Isd1
time discrimination
t Id Ir2 Ir1 Isd 2 Isd 1
Is
As a rule, current discrimination is achieved when:

lr1 / lr2 < 2 lsd1 / lsd2 > 2 ls = lsd1 Fig. 35 Overload protection For any overcurrent value, discrimination is guaranteed on overload if the non-tripping time of the upstream circuit breaker D1 is greater than the maximum breaking time of circuit breaker D2. The condition is fulfiled if the ratio of Long Time (LT) and Short Time (ST) settings is greater than 2. The discrimination limit ls is at least equal to the setting threshold of the upstream Short Time (ST) time delay.
Fig. 36
The discrimination limit is
ratings of circuit breakers D1 and D2 Current discrimination is normally used in final distribution.
Time discrimination increases the discrimination limit ls up to the instantaneous tripping threshold of the upstream circuit breaker D1. Discrimination is always total if circuit breaker D1:

Time discrimination This is the extension of current discrimination and is obtained by a staging over time of the tripping curves. This technique consists of giving a time delay of t to the Short Time (ST) tripping of D1.
D2
Is of category B Has an lcw characteristic equal to its lcu
D2
D1 D1
The thresholds (lr1, lsd1) of D1 and (lr2, lsd2) comply with the staging rules of current discrimination.
I
Discrimination is total in the other cases if the instantaneous tripping threshold of the upstream circuit breaker D1 is greater than the assumed lsc in D2.
Ir2
Ir1
Isd 2
Isd 1
The discrimination limit ls of the association is at least equal to li1, the instantaneous threshold of D1.
Fig. 34
Sec2
19
2
Discrimination quality
General case There are no general discrimination rules.
Discrimination quality There are two possible applications:

On final and/or intermediate
The time/current curves clearly supply a value of lsc (limited or assumed) less than the Short Time tripping of the upstream circuit breaker; discrimination is then total
Note: Use of B category circuit breakers means that the installation must withstand high electrodynamic and thermal stresses. Consequently, these circuit breakers have a high instantaneous threshold li that can be adjusted and disabled in order to protect the busbars if necessary.
Enhancement of current and time discrimination
Limiting downstream circuit breakers
feeders A category circuit breakers can be used with time delayed tripping of the upstream circuit breaker. This allows extension of current discrimination up to the instantaneous threshold li1 of the upstream circuit breaker: ls > li1. If lsc(D2) is not too high case of a final feeder - total discrimination can be obtained.
On the incomers and feeders
Use of a limiting downstream circuit breaker enables the discrimination limit to be increased. In fact, when referring to the figure, a fault current ld will be seen by D1:
If this is not the case, only tests can indicate discrimination limits of coordination, in particular when circuit breakers are of the limiting type. The discrimination limit ls is determined by comparison of curves:

Use of a limiting circuit breaker is extremely effective for achievement of total discrimination when threshold settings (current discrimination) and/or the instantaneous tripping threshold (time discrimination) of the upstream circuit breaker D1 are too low with respect to the fault current ld in D2 lsc(D2).
non-limiting Ic Id ILd short-circuit limiter
Equal to ld for a non-limiting circuit breaker Equal to lLd < ld for a limiting circuit breaker
In tripping energy for the downstream circuit breaker In non-tripping energy for the upstream circuit breaker
of the main switchboard At this level, as continuity of supply takes priority, the installation characteristics allow use of B category circuit breakers designed for time delayed tripping. These circuit breakers have a high thermal withstand (lcw > 50% lcn for t = 1s): ls > lcw1. Even for high lsc(D2), time discrimination normally provides total discrimination: lcw1 > lsc(D2).
Id
Isc (D2)
The limit of current and time discrimination ls of the association D1 + D2 is thus pushed back to a value that increases when the downstream circuit breaker is rapid and limiting.
The potential intersection point of the curves gives the discrimination limit ls. The manufacturers indicate in tables the tested performance of coordination.
Fig. 37
20
Sec2

Specific applications
Comparison with fuses This rule can be compared with that used for fuse combinations when the ratio of the current ratings must be greater than 1.6 or 2.1. However, compared with fuse combinations:

The combination benefits from all the possibilities offered by the additional integrated functions relating to circuit breakers. The discrimination ratio is then equivalent. In this sense, the Square D ranges combine the following:
Distribution circuit breaker The enhanced discrimination tables, depending on test results, often make it possible to come down to comparable ratios The possibility of obtaining discrimination and cascading with downstream circuit breakers (enhanced discrimination), motor protection circuit breaker motor protection circuit breakers are ideally sized for the motor rating, whereas the fuse must be oversized with respect to motor nominal rating
Qualities of fuses with respect to high short circuits Qualities naturally greater for treating overload faults and low value short circuits, discrimination rules Advantages relating to additional functions and the communication potential of circuit breakers
Sec2
21
2
Discrimination
Discrimination table - Square D circuit breakers

Discrimination is the coordination of circuit breakers such that when a fault occurs in a network it is cleared by the breaker immediately upstream of the fault. No breaker further upstream operates. Thus the number of circuits affected by the fault is minimised. In many cases full discrimination is achieved up to the breaking capacity of the breaker disconnecting the fault. This is indicated by F in the table below. In other cases discrimination is achieved up to a lesser current as indicated below in amps. When no figure is shown discrimination is not achieved. Downstream breaker 16 KQ/SQO=<10 200 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 16 CD 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 CN 160 200 250 16 CH 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 400 DH 630 F = Full Discrimination 22 Sec2 25 300 300 32 300 300 40 500 500 Upstream breaker I-Line CD/CN/CH breaker with Thermal magnetic trip units 50 500 500 500 500 63 500 500 500 500 80 630 630 630 630 630 630 100 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 125 F F F F F F F F 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1250 160 F F F F F F F F 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1250 1250 200 250 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 4000 5000 5000 Electronic breakers CN/CH 160 F F F F F F F F 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 250 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 3000 DH 400 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 630 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
SMAL SPAF
1000 2000 Discrimination is achieved up to the magnetic setting of the upstream breaker
500
500
500 500
630 630 630 630
500
500
500 500
630 630 630 630
800 800 800 800 800 800
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1250
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1250 1250
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 4000 5000 5000
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
F F F F F F F F F F
Table 29
Discrimination using residual current devices

Earth leakage protection discrimination According to the Earthing System, discrimination only uses coordination of overcurrent protection devices. When the insulation fault is treated specifically by earth leakage protection devices (e.g. in the TT system), discrimination of the residual current devices (RCDs) with one another must also be guaranteed. Vertical discrimination In view of requirements and operating standards, discrimination must simultaneously meet both the time and current conditions. Current condition: The RCD must trip between ln and ln/2, where ln is the declared sensitivity. There must therefore exist a minimum ratio of 2 between the sensitivities of the upstream device and the downstream device. In practice, the standardised values indicate a ratio of 3. Time condition: The minimum non-tripping time of the upstream device must be greater than the maximum tripping time of the downstream device for all current values. NB: The tripping time of RCDs must always be less than or equal to the time specified in the installation standards to guarantee protection of people against indirect contacts.
Da RCD
Db RCD
Fig. 38
Discrimination of earth leakage protection devices must ensure that, should an insulation fault occur, only the feeder concerned by the fault is de-energised. The aim is to optimise energy availability. There are two types of earth leakage protection discrimination.
Sec2
23
Discrimination using residual current devices

For the domestic area, standards BS EN 61008 (residual current circuit breakers) and BS EN 61009 (residual current devices) define operating times. The values in the table correspond to curves G and S. Curve G (General) correspond to non-delayed RCDs and S (Selective) to those that have a set time delay.
t ms 500 200 100 50 20 10 1 2 5 10 S max. G 500 A Id / In.
Horizontal discrimination Sometimes known as circuit selection, it allows savings at the supply end of the installation of an RCD placed in the cubicle if all its feeders are protected by RCDs. Only the faulty feeder is de-energised, the devices placed on the other feeders do not see the fault.
Fig. 39
Standardised values of operating time

Type In A All values >25 In A All values >0.030 Standardised values of operating time and non-operating time (in seconds) at: In 2In 5In 500 A 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.04 Maximum operating time 0.5 0.2 0.15 0.15 Maximum operating time 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.04 Minimum non operating time Fig. 40
General instantaneous Selective
RCD
RCD
Table 30
24
Sec2
Energy let through

I2t Energy let through The energy let through by a breaker determines the minimum size of the downstream cable. Maximum prospective fault level in kA Current limiting circuit breakers let through less energy, therefore the cable sizes are not an indication of continuous current ratings.
2
30 36 50 65 70 100 10 10 50 16 16 70 35 70 10 10 50 16 16 70 70 70 10 16 16 70 70 70 16 16 16 -
Minimum cable size required based on I2t let through energy of breaker and cable value k=115
2 4 5 6 10 15 20 25
MCBs
SQO 3/6A SQO 10A SQO 16/20/25A SQO 32/40A SQO 50/63A KQ 6A KQ 10A KQ 16/20/25A KQ 32/40A KQ 50/63A KQ 80A KQ 100A 1 1 1 1 1.5 1 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 6 10 10 16 16 10 50 25 50 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 6 10 10 16 16 10 50 25 50 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 6 10 10 16 16 10 50 25 50 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 6 10 10 35 16 10 50 25 50 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 6 10 10 35 16 10 50 25 50 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 10 10 35 16 10 50 25 50 6 10 10 35 16 16 50 25 50 6 10 10 50 16 16 70 35 70
MCCBs
CDAE/CDLE up to 100A CNAE/CNLE up to 250A CHAE/CHLE up to 250A SLA/SLAL up to 400A DHLE up to 630A LI/LCL/LIL up to 600A SNA/SNAL up to 1250 SMA/SMAL/SMHL up to 1000A PA/SPA/SPH up to 2000A Table 31
Sec2
25
2
Economy by means of cascading Thanks to cascading, circuit breakers with breaking capacities less than the prospective short circuit current may be installed downstream from a current limiting circuit breaker. It follows that substantial savings can be made on downstream switchgear and enclosures. The example illustrates this possibility. (Fig. 41) Cascading tables Square D cascading tables are:
Cascading
Example of three level cascading Consider three circuit breakers A, B and C connected in series. The criteria for cascading are fulfiled in the following two cases:
Drawn up on the basis of calculations (comparison between the energy limited by the upstream device and the maximum permissible thermal stress for the downstream device) Verified in accordance with BS standard 60947-2
A (breaking capacity 25 kA) can be used for circuit breaker B for a prospective lsc of 50 kA across its output terminals, since the "reinforced" breaking capacity provided by cascading with the upstream CH MCCB is 50 kA. A LoadCentre KQ (breaking capacity 10 kA) can be used for circuit breaker C for a prospective lsc of 24 kA across its output terminals since the "reinforced" breaking capacity provided by cascading with the upstream is 30 kA. Note that the "reinforced" breaking capacity of the LoadCentre KQ with the CN MCCB upstream is only 25 kA, but:

For distribution systems with 220/240 V and 400/415 V between phases, the tables of the following pages indicate cascading possibilities between upstream MCCBs and downstream MCBs.
The upstream device A is coordinated for cascading with both devices B and C (even if the cascading criteria are not fulfiled between B and C). It is simply necessary to check that the combinations A + B and A + C have the required breaking capacity Each pair of successive devices is coordinated, i.e. A with B and B with C (even if the cascading criteria are not fulfiled between A and C). It is simply necessary to check that the combinations A + B and B + C have the required breaking capacity
A + B = 50 kA A + C = 30 kA
A Isc = 50kA 220A
The upstream breaker A is a (breaking capacity) for a prospective lsc of 50 kA across its output terminals.
B Isc = 50kA 63A
C Isc = 24kA 25A
Fig. 41 26 Sec2
Cascading - Square D MCCB/MCB

Cascading chart Cascading permits the installation of a circuit breaker having a breaking capacity lower than the prospective at its point of installation. The upstream breaker, which must have the required breaking capacity, limits the fault current to that which may safely be interrupted by the downstream breaker. In the case of a high fault current both breakers may operate. For example: a LoadCentre KQ breaker rated at 10kA may be used at a point in the network having a prospective fault current of 40kA provided that it is protected by a CH breaker rated 100A (50kA). Downstream breaker Ref Rating Icu 6kA 6kA 10kA 25kA 36kA 36kA CD 100A 25kA 25 25 25 CN 100A 36kA 25 25 25 36 CN 250A 36kA Upstream breaker CH 100A 50kA CH 250A 50kA SLA 400A 36kA DH 630A 50kA SMAL 1000A 50kA SPAF 2000A 50kA
2
36 50 50 36 50 50 36 50 50
Reference SQO DOM KQ CD CN SLA Table 32
Rating 3 - 63A 3 - 50A 3 - 63A 100A 250A 400A
30 36
40 50 50
30 50 50
Sec2
27
2
Frame SFA
MCCB maximum earth loop impedance values

Rating 16 20 32 40 50 63 80 100 16 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 Maximum Zs ohms at 230V ac 0.4s 0.58 0.58 0.48 0.38 0.38 0.23 0.19 0.19 1.21 0.77 0.58 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.36 0.29 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.09 5s 2.36 1.89 1.12 0.90 0.72 0.57 0.45 0.36 2.30 1.67 1.33 1.06 0.85 0.68 0.36 0.29 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.09
CD/CN
Table 33
28
Sec2
MCCB maximum earth loop impedance values

Frame CH electronic SL Rating 160 250 250 300 350 400 300 350 400 450 500 630 700 800 630 700 800 900 1000 1250 Maximum Zs ohms at 230V ac 0.4s 0.14 0.09 0.092 0.077 0.066 0.058 0.077 0.066 0.058 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.033 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.023 0.023 0.023 5s 0.22 0.14 0.092 0.077 0.066 0.058 0.077 0.066 0.058 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.033 0.029 0.037 0.033 0.032 0.027 0.026 0.023
SM
SN
Table 34
Sec2
29
2
Catalogue reference CD-E14016 CD-E14020 CD-E14032 CD-E14040 CD-E14050 CD-E14063 CD-E14080 CD-E14100 0.01 190 300 300 500 500 500 640 800
25kA 1 and 2 pole MCCBs time current data

0.4 190 300 300 500 500 500 640 800 0.6 190 300 300 500 500 500 640 800 1 190 240 300 500 500 500 640 800 2 149 175 280 350 500 500 640 800 3 125 140 224 280 360 426 640 800 5 100 108 173 216 270 331 640 800 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 40 60 100 Disconnection current (A) 73 80 128 160 200 252 640 800 56 60 96 120 150 189 456 575 44 48 77 96 120 151 324 405 39 43 69 86 108 135 270 338 33 38 61 76 95 120 224 280 200 27 33 53 66 83 104 180 225 500 22.8 29 46 57 71 90 140 175 1000 21 26 42 52 65 82 120 150 2000 20 25 40 50 63 79 106 133 5000 19.5 24.4 39 49 61 77 98 122 10000 19 24 38 48 60 76 96 120
Thermal and magnetic trips are fixed Table 35
30
Sec2
25kA 3 pole MCCBs time current data

Type D MCBs
Catalogue reference CD-E34016 Thermal trip setting 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 A 0.01 16 14 13 25 23 20 32 29 26 40 36 32 50 45 40 63 57 50 80 72 64 100 90 80 190 190 190 300 300 300 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 630 630 630 800 800 800 0.4 190 190 190 300 300 300 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 630 630 630 800 800 800 0.6 190 190 190 300 300 300 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 630 630 630 800 800 800 1 190 171 152 300 270 240 400 360 320 500 450 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 630 630 630 800 800 800 2 149 134 119 211 190 169 280 252 224 350 315 280 500 450 355 500 450 400 630 630 630 800 800 800 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 3 5 10 20 40 60 Disconnection current (A) 39 44 56 73 100 125 35 40 50 66 90 112 31 35 45 58 80 100 54 60 76 100 138 175 48 54 69 90 124 158 43 48 61 80 110 140 69 77 98 128 173 224 62 69 88 115 156 202 55 61 78 102 138 179 86 96 122 160 216 280 77 86 110 144 194 252 69 77 98 128 173 224 108 120 153 200 270 360 97 108 137 180 243 324 86 96 122 160 216 288 135 151 192 252 331 425 122 136 173 227 298 383 108 121 154 202 265 340 270 324 456 630 630 630 243 292 410 567 630 630 216 259 365 504 630 630 338 405 575 800 800 800 304 365 518 720 800 800 270 324 460 640 800 800 100 33 30 26 48 43 38 61 55 49 76 68 61 95 86 76 120 108 96 224 202 179 280 252 224 200 27 24 22 41 37 33 53 48 42 66 59 53 83 74 66 105 95 84 180 162 144 225 203 180 500 22.8 21 18 36 32 29 46 41 36 57 51 46 71 64 57 90 81 72 140 126 112 175 158 140 1000 21 19 17 33 29 26 42 37 33 52 47 42 65 59 52 82 74 66 120 108 96 150 135 120 2000 20 18 16 31 28 25 40 36 32 50 45 40 63 56 50 79 71 63 106 96 85 133 120 106 5000 19.5 18 16 30.5 27 24 39 35 31 48.8 44 39 61 55 49 77 69 61 98 88 78 122 110 98 10000 19 17 15 30 27 24 38 35 31 48 43 38 60 54 48 76 68 60 96 86 77 120 108 96
CD-E34025
CD-E34032
CD-E34040
CD-E34050
CD-E34063
CD-E34080
CD-E34100
Magnetic trips are fixed Table 36
Sec2
31
2
Item Catalogue Number SFA1016 SFA1020 SFA1032 SFA1040 SFA1050 SFA1063 SFA1080 SFA1100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time current data for circuit breakers 25kA

Earth fault loop impedance (Zs) for final circuits supplying fixed equipment, disconnection occurs within 5 seconds For final circuits supplying socket outlets, disconnection occurs within 0.4 of a second. Voltage Vac = 230 Values of I2t Let through Energy x 1000
Magnetic Trip Setting Fixed Thermal Trip Setting 16 20 32 40 50 63 80 100 0.01 400 400 480 600 600 1000 1200 1200 0.4 400 400 480 600 600 1000 1200 1200 0.6 400 400 480 600 600 1000 1200 1200 1 272 400 480 600 600 1000 1200 1200 2 172 220 330 412 485 670 830 1000 3 130 169 270 338 422 532 675 844 5 98 122 205 256 320 403 512 640 Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 10 20 40 60 100 Disconnection Current ( A ) 68 48 36 32 28 84 60 45 40 35 138 96 72 64 56 173 120 90 80 70 216 150 113 100 88 272 189 142 126 110 346 240 180 160 140 432 300 225 200 175 200 24 30 48 60 75 95 120 150 500 21.4 27 43 54 67 84 107 134 1000 20.3 25.4 41 51 64 80 102 127 2000 19.8 24.8 40 50 62 78 99 124 5000 19.5 24 39 49 61 77 98 122 10000 19 24 38 48 60 76 96 120
Square D - TIME CURRENT DATA for Circuit Breakers 36kA

Item Catalogue Number SLA3250 SLA3300 SLA3350 SLA3400 Magnetic Trip Setting HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW Thermal Trip Setting 250 250 300 300 350 350 400 400 0.02 2500 1250 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 1 2500 1250 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 2 2500 1250 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 3 2500 1250 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 5 2500 1250 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 10 2500 1250 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 15 20 30 40 60 Disconnection Current ( A ) 2500 1850 1500 1250 1000 1250 1250 1250 1250 1000 3000 2220 1800 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 3500 2590 2100 1750 1400 1750 1750 1750 1750 1400 4000 2960 2400 2000 1600 2000 2000 2000 2000 1600 100 750 750 900 900 1050 1050 1200 1200 200 565 565 678 678 791 791 904 904 500 438 438 525 525 613 613 700 700 1000 375 375 450 450 525 525 600 600 2000 333 333 400 400 467 467 533 533 5000 308 308 369 369 431 431 492 492 10000 300 300 360 360 420 420 480 480
1 2 3 4
Square D - TIME CURRENT DATA for Circuit Breakers 50, 36kA

Item Catalogue Number SMA3300 SMH3300 SMA3350 SMH3350 SMA3400 SMH3400 SMA3450 SMH3450 SMA3500 SMH3500 SMA3630 SMH3630 SMA3700 SMH3700 SMA3800 SMH3800 Magnetic Trip Setting HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW Thermal Trip Setting 300 300 350 350 400 400 450 450 500 500 630 630 700 700 800 800 0.02 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 4500 2250 5000 2500 6300 3150 7000 3500 8000 4000 1 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 4500 2250 5000 2500 6300 3150 7000 3500 8000 4000 4 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 4500 2250 5000 2500 6300 3150 7000 3500 8000 4000 5 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 4500 2250 5000 2500 6300 3150 7000 3500 8000 4000 6 3000 1500 3500 1750 4000 2000 4500 2250 5000 2500 6300 3150 7000 3500 8000 4000 10 2400 1500 2800 1750 3200 2000 3600 2250 4000 2500 5040 3150 5600 3500 6400 4000 Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 15 20 30 40 60 Disconnection Current ( A ) 2040 1800 1530 1350 1140 1500 1500 1500 1350 1140 2380 2100 1785 1575 1330 1750 1750 1750 1575 1330 2720 2400 2040 1800 1520 2000 2000 2000 1800 1520 3060 2700 2295 2025 1710 2250 2250 2250 2025 1710 3400 3000 2550 2250 1900 2500 2500 2500 2250 1900 4284 3780 3213 2835 2394 3150 3150 3150 2835 2394 4760 4200 3570 3150 2660 3500 3500 3500 3150 2660 5440 4800 4080 3600 3040 4000 4000 4000 3600 3040 100 900 900 1050 1050 1200 1200 1350 1350 1500 1500 1890 1890 2100 2100 2400 2400 200 700 700 817 817 933 933 1050 1050 1167 1167 1470 1470 1633 1633 1866 1866 500 525 525 613 613 700 700 788 788 875 875 1103 1103 1225 1225 1400 1400 1000 450 450 525 525 600 600 675 675 750 750 945 945 1050 1050 1200 1200 2000 400 400 467 467 533 533 600 600 667 667 840 840 933 933 1066 1066 5000 369 369 431 431 492 492 554 554 615 615 775 775 861 861 984 984 10000 360 360 420 420 480 480 540 540 600 600 756 756 840 840 960 960
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9
32
Sec2
Time current data for circuit breakers 50kA

Earth fault loop impedance (Zs) for final circuits supplying fixed equipment, disconnection occurs within 5 seconds For final circuits supplying socket outlets, disconnection occurs within 0.4 of a second. Voltage Vac = 230 Values of I2t Let through Energy x 1000
Item Catalogue Number SNA3630 SNA3700 SNA3800 SNA3900 SNA31000 SNA31250 Magnetic Trip Setting HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW Thermal Trip Setting 630 630 700 700 800 800 900 900 1000 1000 1250 1250 0.03 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 10000 5000 10000 5000 1 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 10000 5000 10000 5000 4 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 10000 5000 10000 5000 5 6300 4000 7000 4000 7300 4000 8000 4000 9000 5000 10000 5000 6 5292 4000 5880 4000 6720 4000 7560 4000 8400 5000 10000 5000 10 3780 4000 4200 4000 4800 4000 5400 4000 6000 5000 7500 5000 Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 15 20 30 40 60 Disconnection Current ( A ) 2835 2331 1900 1733 1550 2835 2331 1900 1733 1550 3150 2590 2111 1925 1722 3150 2590 2111 1925 1722 3400 2960 2413 2200 1968 3400 2960 2413 2200 1968 4050 3330 2714 2475 2214 4000 3330 2714 2475 2214 4500 3700 3016 2750 2460 4500 3700 3016 2750 2460 5625 4625 3770 3438 3075 5000 4625 3770 3438 3075 100 1350 1350 1500 1500 1714 1714 1929 1929 2143 2143 2679 2679 200 1159 1159 1288 1288 1472 1472 1656 1656 1840 1840 2300 2300 500 995 995 1106 1106 1264 1264 1422 1422 1580 1580 1975 1975 1000 900 900 1000 1000 1142 1142 1285 1285 1428 1428 1785 1785 2000 832 832 924 924 1056 1056 1188 1188 1320 1320 1650 1650 5000 775 775 861 861 984 984 1107 1107 1230 1230 1538 1538 10000 756 756 840 840 960 960 1080 1080 1200 1200 1500 1500
1 2 3 4 5 6
Item
Catalogue Number PA3600RC +SPAF2036 PA3700RC +SPAF2036 PA3800RC +SPAF2036 PA31000RC +SPAF2036 PA31200RC +SPAF2036 PA31400RC +SPAF2036 PA31600RC +SPAF2036 PA31800RC +SPAF2036 PA32000RC +SPAF2036
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
Magnetic Trip Setting HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
Thermal Trip Setting 600 600 700 700 800 800 1000 1000 1200 1200 1400 1400 1600 1600 1800 1800 2000 2000
0.050 9000 3200 9000 3200 9000 3200 9000 3500 9000 3500 9000 4500 10000 5000 11000 6500 12000 8000
1 9000 3200 9000 3200 9000 3200 9000 3500 9000 3500 9000 4500 10000 5000 11000 6500 12000 8000
4 9000 3200 9000 3200 9000 3200 9000 3500 9000 3500 9000 4500 10000 5000 11000 6500 12000 8000
5 4380 3200 5110 3200 5840 3200 6800 3500 7200 3500 7900 4500 10000 5000 11000 6500 12000 8000
6 3700 3200 4316 3200 4933 3200 6000 3500 6720 3500 7500 4500 8960 5000 10080 6500 11200 8000
10 2600 2600 3000 3000 3428 3200 4285 3500 5100 3500 5950 4500 6800 5000 7700 6500 8556 8000
Disconnection Time in seconds ( S ) 15 20 30 40 60 Disconnection Current ( A ) 2100 1800 1500 1350 1200 2100 1800 1500 1350 1200 2450 2100 1750 1575 1400 2450 2100 1750 1575 1400 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 2700 2400 2000 1800 1600 3500 3000 2500 2250 2000 3500 3000 2500 2250 2000 4200 3600 3000 2700 2400 3500 3500 3000 2700 2400 4900 4200 3500 3150 2800 4500 4200 3500 3150 2800 5600 4800 4000 3600 3200 5000 4800 4000 3600 3200 6250 5400 4500 4050 3600 6000 5400 4500 4050 3600 7000 6000 5000 4500 4000 7000 6000 5000 4500 4000
100 1050 1050 1225 1225 1400 1400 1750 1750 2100 2100 2450 2450 2800 2800 3150 3150 3500 3500
200 918 918 1071 1071 1224 1224 1530 1530 1836 1836 2142 2142 2448 2448 2754 2754 3060 3060
500 820 820 956 956 1093 093 1366 1366 1639 1639 1912 1912 2186 2186 2459 2459 2732 2732
1000 780 780 910 910 1040 1040 1300 1300 1560 1560 1820 1820 2080 2080 2340 2340 2600 2600
2000 750 750 875 875 1000 1000 1250 1250 1500 1500 1750 1750 2000 2000 2250 2250 2500 2500
5000 732 732 854 854 976 976 1220 1220 1464 1464 1708 1708 1952 1952 2196 2196 2440 2440
10000 720 720 840 840 960 960 1200 1200 1440 1440 1680 1680 1920 1920 2160 2160 2400 2400
Sec2
33
2
MCCBs
SFA Standard Poles Ratings in Category Rated Insulation Voltage Ui Rated Impulse Voltage Uimp Rated Operational Voltage Ue Ultimate Breaking Capacity Icu Service Breaking Capacity Ics Thermal Overload Magnetic Overload Connection Table 37 CD 1, 2 160-100A 3 16-100A
MCCB technical data

CN CH CN
(electronic)
SLA
SM
SN
PA
3 16-250A
3 16-250A
25kA 50% Fixed Fixed Tunnel
25kA 75%
36kA 75% Adjustable 0.8-1In 16 to 160A fixed Crimp
50kA 75% 200A to 250A Adjustable 5-10xIn
BS EN 60947-2 3 160-250A A 50V 6kV 415V 50/60Hz 36kA 75% Adj 0.4-1xIn 2-10xIn
3 250-400A
3 300-800A
3 630-1250A 750
3 630-2000A
36kA 50%
50kA 50%
50kA 50%
50kA 75%
Fixed Adjustable 5-10xIn Tunnel Crimp
34
Sec2
Re-rating for ambient temperature

CD, CN and CH range
Current rating (A) 16 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 Table 38 Ambient temperature in 0C 40 45 50 55 60 Service current (A) 16 15.6 15.2 14.8 14.5 25 24.5 24 23.5 23 32 31.3 30.5 30 29.5 40 39 38 37 36 50 49 48 47 46 63 62 60 58 57 80 78 76 74 72 100 98 95 93 90 125 122 119 116 113 160 156 152 147 144 200 195 190 185 180 250 244 238 231 225 65 14 22 29 35 45 55 70 88 109 140 175 219 70 13.8 21 28.5 34 44 54 68 85 106 136 170 213
DHLE range
Current rating (A) 400 630 Table 39 Ambient temperature in 0C 40 45 50 55 60 Service current (A) 400 400 400 390 380 630 615 600 585 570 65 370 550 70 360 535
Sec2
35
2
SFAL and SFHL frame
Current rating (A) 16 20 32 40 50 63 80 100 Table 40

Ambient temperature in 0C 40 45 50 Service current (A) 19 17 16 23 21 20 36 34 32 45 42 40 56 53 50 71 67 63 91 86 80 114 107 100 55 14 18 30 37 47 59 74 93 60 13 17 27 33 42 52 66 83
SLAL frame
Current rating (A) 250 300 350 400 Table 41 Ambient temperature in 0C 40 45 50 Service current (A) 290 270 250 348 324 300 407 378 350 465 432 400 55 230 276 320 366 60 208 249 291 332
36
Sec2

SMAL and SMHL frame
Current rating (A) 300 350 400 450 500 630 700 800 900 1000 Table 42 Ambient temperature in C 40 45 50 Service current (A) 336 319 300 392 372 350 448 425 400 504 478 450 560 531 500 706 669 630 784 744 700 896 850 800 1008 956 900 1110 1060 1000
0
2
55 599 665 760 950 1140 1340 1530 1720 1952 60 567 630 720 900 1090 1295 1460 1650 1880
SPAF and SPHF frame

55 281 327 374 421 468 589 651 744 837 930 60 263 306 350 400 445 545 591 675 760 844 Current rating (A) 630 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Table 44 Ambient temperature in 0C 40 45 50 Service current (A) 684 662 630 760 735 700 868 840 800 1110 1050 1000 1320 1260 1200 1532 1470 1400 1750 1680 1600 1960 1890 1800 2160 2075 2000
SNAL frame
Current rating (A) 630 700 800 900 1000 1250 Table 43 Ambient temperature in 0C 40 45 50 Service current (A) 706 669 630 784 744 700 896 850 800 1008 956 900 1110 1060 1000 1388 1325 1250 55 589 651 744 837 930 1163 60 545 591 675 760 844 1055
Sec2
37
MCB tripping curves for industrial applications

For each rating of MCB (10 amp, 20 amp, 40 amp etc) three distinctly different types of MCB are specified in BS EN 60898 - types B, C and D. The difference between these types relates to the instantaneous tripping characteristics. The levels of overcurrent required for instantaneous tripping for the three main types of MCB are shown in Table 51. Table 2 lists the fault loop impedance values that correspond with the current required to ensure tripping of MCBs within the requirements specified in Chapter 41 Protection Against Electric Shock in the Wiring Rules. The selection of a suitable type of MCB is an important factor in the design of a circuit to ensure protection against electric shock, i.e. to ensure that the protective device trips within the required time in the event of a fault to earth. The required conditions will be met if the circuit loop impedance is within the maximum permitted level, as shown in Table 52. MCBs for industrial and commercial use normally have a breaking capacity in excess of 10kA (KQ MCB = 15kA) to BS EN 60947-1. See MCCB page 9, Section 2. Current required for instantaneous tripping MCB type* B C D Table 45 Multiple of rated current 3 - 5 times 5 - 10 times 10 - 20 times KQ MCBs available in: 1 pole

2 pole 3 pole
With curve types: B
C D
Maximum fault loop impedance in Ohms for circuits protected by types B, C and D MCBs MCB rating Amps 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 Table 46 * Specific curves are also used for the protection of: Motors K type curve
Type of MCB B C Ohms Ohms 15 7.7 7.7 3.8 4.6 2.3 2.9 1.4 2.3 1.15 1.84 0.92 1.4 0.72 1.15 0.57 0.92 0.46 0.72 0.36 0.58 0.29 0.23
D Ohms 3.8 1.9 1.15 0.72 0.57 0.46 0.36 0.28 0.23 0.18 0.14 -
Graphs showing the various curves are included on page 7, Section 1.
Thyristors Z type curve
80 and 100A outgoers may also be added to the LoadCentre KQ three phase distribution board.
38
Sec2
LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB performance figures

Earth loop impedance values.
Type B MCBs
Rating (A) 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 15 15 8 8 5 5 3 3 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.73 0.73 R2 ohms 3.33 1.67 1.00 0.63 0.50 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.16
Type D MCBs
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 8 2.7 5 1.6 3 1.0 2.3 0.8 1.8 0.7 1.4 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.73 0.26 R2 ohms 1.67 1.00 0.63 0.50 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.16
Type C MCBs
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Table 47 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 8 4 5 2.3 3 1.4 2.3 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.73 0.37 R2 ohms 1.67 1.00 0.63 0.50 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.16
Type C 80 and 100A MCBs

Rating (A) 80 100 Table 48 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 0.58 0.29 0.46 0.23 R2 ohms 0.13 0.10
Sec2
39
2
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 32 45

Earth loop impedance values. 10mA RCBOs
Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 R2 ohms 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
30mA RCBOs
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 32 45 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 R2 ohms 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667 1667
100mA RCBOs
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 32 45 Table 49 Zs ohm @ 230V ac 5s 0.4s 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 R2 ohms 500 500 500 500 500 500
40
Sec2

Type B MCBs
Catalogue reference also DP, TP KQ10B103 KQ10B106 KQ10B110 KQ10B116 KQ10B120 KQ10B125 KQ10B132 KQ10B140 KQ10B150 KQ10B163 0.005 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 0.6 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 1 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 2 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 3 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 5 15 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 7 12.6 25 42 67 84 105 134 188 221 265 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 60 Disconnection current (A) 10.5 21 35 56 70 88 112 140 175 221 8.3 16.5 28 44 55 69 88 110 138 173 7.2 14.4 24 38 48 60 77 96 120 151 6.6 13.2 22 35 44 55 70 88 110 139 5.3 12 20 32 40 50 64 80 100 126 100 4.5 10.5 17.5 28 35 44 56 70 88 110 200 4.1 9 15 24 30 38 48 60 75 95 500 4 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 34 43 54 68 85 1000 3.9 7.9 13.2 21.1 26.4 33 42.2 52.8 66 83 2000 3.9 7.8 13 20.8 26 32.5 41.6 52 65 82 10000 3.9 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 32.3 41.3 51.6 64.5 81
Type C MCBs
Catalogue reference also DP, TP KQ10C106 KQ10C110 KQ10C116 KQ10C120 KQ10C125 KQ10C132 KQ10C140 KQ10C150 KQ10C163 KQ10B380 KQ10C3100 Table 50 0.005 60 100 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 0.6 60 100 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1 60 100 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 2 49 82 131 164 205 262 328 410 517 656 820 3 39 65 104 130 163 208 260 325 410 520 650 5 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 7 25 42 67 84 105 134 168 210 265 336 420 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 60 Disconnection current (A) 21 35 56 70 88 112 140 175 221 280 350 16.5 28 44 55 69 88 110 138 173 220 275 14.4 24 38 48 60 77 96 120 151 192 240 13.2 22 35 44 55 70 88 110 139 176 220 12 20 32 40 50 64 80 100 126 160 200 100 10.5 17.5 28 35 44 56 70 88 110 140 175 200 9 15 24 30 38 48 60 75 95 120 150 500 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 34 43 54 68 85 108 135 1000 7.9 13.2 21.1 26.4 33 42.2 52.8 66 83 106 132 2000 7.8 13 20.8 26 32.5 41.6 52 65 82 104 130 10000 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 32.3 41.3 51.6 64.5 81 103 129
Sec2
41
2
Catalogue reference also DP, TP KQ10D106 KQ10D110 KQ10D116 KQ10D120 KQ10D125 KQ10D132 KQ10D140 KQ10D150 KQ10D163 Table 51

Type D MCBs
0.005 84 140 224 280 350 448 560 700 882 0.6 84 140 224 280 350 448 560 700 882 1 84 140 224 280 350 448 560 700 882 2 49 82 131 164 205 262 328 410 517 3 39 65 104 130 163 208 260 325 410 5 30 50 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 7 25 42 67 84 105 134 168 210 265 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 60 Disconnection current (A) 21 35 56 70 88 112 140 175 221 16.5 28 44 55 69 88 110 138 173 14.4 24 38 48 60 77 96 120 151 13.2 22 35 44 55 70 88 110 139 12 20 32 40 50 64 80 100 126 100 10.5 17.5 28 35 44 56 70 88 110 200 9 15 24 30 38 48 60 75 95 500 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 34 43 54 68 85 1000 7.9 13.2 21.1 26.4 33 42.2 52.8 66 83 2000 7.9 13 20.8 26 32.5 41.6 52 65 82 10000 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 32.3 41.3 51.6 64.5 81
42
Sec2
LoadCentre KQ industrial RCBO performance figures

Type C 10mA RCBOs
Catalogue reference KQE106C01 KQE110C01 KQE116C01 KQE120C01 KQE132C01 KQE145C01 0.005 60 100 160 200 320 450 0.6 60 100 160 200 320 450 1 60 100 160 200 320 450 2 49 82 131 164 262 369 3 39 65 104 130 208 293 5 30 50 80 100 160 225 7 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 Disconnection current (A) 21 35 56 70 112 158 16.5 27.5 44 55 88 124 14.4 24 38 48 77 108 13.2 22 35 44 70 99 60 12 20 32 40 64 90 100 10.5 17.5 28 35 56 79 200 9 15 24 30 48 68 500 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 43 61 2000 7.8 13 20.8 26 41.6 58.5 10000 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 41.3 58
25 42 67 84 134 189
Type C 30mA RCBOs

Catalogue reference KQE106C03 KQE110C03 KQE116C03 KQE120C03 KQE132C03 KQE145C03 0.005 60 100 160 200 320 450 0.6 60 100 160 200 320 450 1 60 100 160 200 320 450 2 49 82 131 164 262 369 3 39 65 104 130 208 293 5 30 50 80 100 160 225 7 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 Disconnection current (A) 21 35 56 70 112 158 16.5 27.5 44 55 88 124 14.4 24 38 48 77 108 13.2 22 35 44 70 99 60 12 20 32 40 64 90 100 10.5 17.5 28 35 56 79 200 9 15 24 30 48 68 500 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 43 61 2000 7.8 13 20.8 26 41.6 58.5 10000 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 41.3 58
25 42 67 84 134 189
Type C 100mA RCBOs

Catalogue reference KQE106C10 KQE110C10 KQE116C10 KQE120C10 KQE132C10 KQE145C10 Table 52 0.005 60 100 160 200 320 450 0.6 60 100 160 200 320 450 1 60 100 160 200 320 450 2 49 82 131 164 262 369 3 39 65 104 130 208 293 5 30 50 80 100 160 225 7 Disconnection time in seconds (s) 10 20 30 40 Disconnection current (A) 21 35 56 70 112 158 16.5 27.5 44 55 88 124 14.4 24 38 48 77 108 13.2 22 35 44 70 99 60 12 20 32 40 64 90 100 10.5 17.5 28 35 56 79 200 9 15 24 30 48 68 500 8.1 13.5 21.6 27 43 61 2000 7.8 13 20.8 26 41.6 58.5 10000 7.7 12.9 20.6 25.8 41.3 58
25 42 67 84 134 189
Sec2
43
2
Rating (A) 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63

Short circuit levels. Type B MCBs
I2t (x1000) Short circuit level (kA) 2 6 4 9 4 9 6 17 7 23 7 23 7 23 10 33 10 33 13 35 13 35 I Peak (A x1000) Short circuit level (kA) 1 6 0.7 2.2 0.7 2.2 0.75 2.5 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.85 3.3 0.85 3.3 0.85 3.3 0.9 3.5
Type C MCBs
Rating (A) 10 11 11 24 38 38 38 55 55 70 70
I2t (x1000) Short circuit level (kA) 2 6 4 9 6 17 7 23 7 23 7 23 10 33 10 33 13 35 13 35 2 6 22 80 35 100 I Peak (A x1000) Short circuit level (kA) 1 6 0.7 2.2 0.75 2.5 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.85 3.3 0.85 3.3 0.85 3.3 0.9 3.5
6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100
Type B MCBs
Rating (A)
10 11 24 38 38 38 55 55 70 70 15 140 180
Type C MCBs
10 3 3 3.4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 Rating (A)
3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Table 53
6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63
10 3 3.4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 5
44
Sec2

Short circuit levels. Type D MCBs
Rating (A) I2t (x1000) Short circuit level (kA) 2 6 4 9 6 17 7 23 7 23 7 23 10 33 10 33 13 35 13 35
6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63
10 11 24 38 38 38 55 55 70 70
Type D MCBs
Rating (A)
I Peak (A x1000) Short circuit level (kA) 1 6 0.7 2.2 0.75 2.5 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.85 3.3 0.85 3.3 0.85 3.3 0.9 3.5
6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 Table 54
10 3 3.4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 5
Sec2
45
2
Rating (A) 6 10 16 20 32 45
LoadCentre KQ industrial RCBO performance figures

Short circuit levels. Type C 10mA RCBOs
I2t (x1000)
Type C 100mA RCBOs

Rating (A) 10 11 24 38 38 38 55
I2t (x1000)
Short circuit level (kA) 2 6 4 9 6 17 7 23 7 23 7 23 10 33
6 10 16 20 32 45
Short circuit level (kA) 2 6 4 9 6 17 7 23 7 23 7 23 10 33
10 11 24 38 38 38 55
Type C 10mA RCBOs

Rating (A)
I Peak (A x1000)
Type C 100mA RCBOs

Rating (A)
I Peak (A x1000)
6 10 16 20 32 45 Table 55
Short circuit level (kA) 1 6 0.7 2.2 0.75 2.5 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.85 3.3
10 3 3.4 4 4 4 4.5
6 10 16 20 32 45
Short circuit level (kA) 1 6 0.7 2.2 0.75 2.5 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.85 3.3
10 3 3.4 4 4 4 4.5
46
Sec2
LoadCentre KQ - performance figures

Standard conditions for operation in service.
Circuit breakers complying with BS EN 60898 shall be capable of operating under the following standard conditions:
The ambient air temperature does not exceed +40C and its average over a period of 24 hours does not exceed +35C The lower limit of the ambient air temperature is -15C Circuit breakers intended to be used in ambient air temperatures above +40C (particularly in tropical countries) or below -5C shall either be specially designed or be used according to the information given in the manufacturers catalogue
Circuit breakers type LoadCentre KQ Current rating Ambient temperature degree C A 20 30 40 3 3.2 3 2.8 6 6.3 6 5.6 10 10.5 10 9.4 16 16.8 16 15.0 20 21.0 20 18.8 25 26.3 25 23.5 32 33.6 32 30.1 40 42.0 40 37.6 50 52.5 50 46.5 63 66.2 63 58.0 Table 56
50 2.6 5.2 8.6 13.8 17.2 21.5 27.5 34.4 43.0 52.9
60 2.3 4.6 7.6 12.2 15.2 19.0 24.3 30.4 38.0 46.6
Temperature derating of circuit breakers Circuit breakers listed in the service current table may be used at temperatures from -30C to +60C. The table indicates the maximum current to be used as a function of the ambient temperature. Figures in bold type are the nominal current rating at calibrated temperature. This avoids the necessity to derate for normal ambient temperatures likely to be encountered when circuit breakers are grouped together in an enclosure.
Sec2
47
2
Discharge lamps During start up of discharge lamps and ballast, surge current may be in the order of:

Protection of lamp circuits

High pressure metal halide (MH-MHN-MHC-HPI with PF correction) In these discharge lamps operate with mercury vapour at high pressure and contain metallic halides of thallium, indium and sodium.This enables the lamp design to be tailored the spectral power distribution. (Good quality colour rendering, long lifetime and high initial cost). High pressure mercury vapour (HPL with PF correction These discharge lamps operate with mercury vapour at high pressure, the light from the arc is supplemented by light from phosphors activated by ultra-violet radiation (Medium quality colour rendering, long lifetime and high initial cost). Fluorescent lamps These are low pressure discharge lamps with majority of the light produced by blended phosphors. (Good quality colour rendering, long lifetime and moderate to low initial cost for compact lamps). For circuits that supply standard High Frequency Electronic control gear fluorescent lamps,the protective device ratings must cope with 25 x inrush for 250 to 350 micro seconds. Lighting objectives The important aim when designing a lighting installation for a room in which work is to be carried out, is the provision of good visual conditions at the working plane. A secondary aim should be the creation of a complete visual environment that will have a positive influence on the performance and well being of the occupants. Illumination levels The recommendations for service illuminances can be found in the lighting code for interiors, the table opposite is a summary of parts of schedule. Safety in the working environment Consideration should be given to the amount of light fittings on one circuit. We recommend that no more than 15 amps are used on each circuit.
25 x circuit start current for the first 3 milliseconds 7 x circuit start current for the following 2 seconds
Low pressure sodium (SOXSOXE with PF correction) In these discharge lamps sodium metal is vapourised to a low pressure and produce a monochromatic yellow light with high efficacy. (Poor colour rendering, long lifetime, very high efficacy and high initial cost). High pressure sodium (SONSINT-SONC with PF correction) These discharge lamps operate with sodium vapour at high pressure and produce a a golden white light, the discharge tube is of aluminium oxide. (Medium quality colour rendering, long lifetime, very high efficacy and high initial cost).
48
Sec2

Lighting installation Code service illuminances (Lux) 20 30 50 75 100 150 200 300 Example of area or activity for lighting
General lighting for rooms and areas used either infrequently and /or casual or simple visual tasks
General lighting for working interiors
500
750 Additional localised lighting for visually exacting tasks 1000
1500
2000
Exterior circulation areas Outdoor stores, stockyards Exterior walk ways and platforms, indoor car parks Docks and quay sides Theatres and concert halls, hotel bedrooms and bath rooms Circulation areas in industry stores and stock rooms Simple tasks Rough bench and machine work General processes in chemical and food industries Casual reading and filing activities Medium bench and machine work Motor vehicle assembly Printing machine rooms, general offices shops and stores Proof reading and general drawing offices Offices with business machines Fine bench and machine work Office machine assembly Critical drawing tasks and colour work Very fine bench and machine work Small precision mechanism assembly and electronic components Gauging and inspection of small intricate parts Minutely detailed and precise work, eg very small parts of instruments, watch making and engraving Operating area in operating theatres
Table 57
Sec2
49
2
Consideration must also be given to the number of lamp fittings used in each circuit as this may entail the use of unusually large cable, based on the rating of the required circuit breaker. Circuits would have a length of cable to the first lamp in the order of 20 meters and 7 meters between additional fittings. (Circuit distance of 20 meters = 40 meters of cable L&N and 7 = 14 L&N on a single phase supply). Supply

Circuits with a large number of lamp fittings may cause some inconvenience in the event of a fault, as due regard for safety in the working environment must be considered with a large area of lighting being extinguished.
Lighting systems
Directional
General
Localised
Local
Fig. 43
20 meters 7 meters
Supply
Fig. 42
50
Sec2

Recommended circuit breaker.
Type C trip (instantaneous trip setting 5 to 10In Type D trip (instantaneous trip setting 10 to 14In
L Supply N
Circuit breaker
Cable
Lamps
Cable length in meters Fig. 44
SON - SONH HPL - HPI ML Fig. 45
SOX - SOXE SDWT HPI, SONT
MH
Sec2
51
2
Lamp wattage (W) 18 26 35/36 55 91 131 135 180 Electronic 36 55 66 91 Circuit current (A) 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.35 0.49 0.66 0.73 1 0.16 0.23 0.28 0.5 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Table for lamps - type C trip MCB

Low pressure sodium (SOX - SOXE with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 6 6 6 10 7 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 6 6 6 10 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 10 16 16 16 16 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 13 6 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 14 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 15 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 16 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 17 6 6 6 10 16 16 16 25 6 6 6 16 18 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 25 6 6 10 16 19 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 25 6 6 10 16 20 6 6 6 10 16 20 20 25 6 6 10 16
High pressure sodium (SON - SONT - SONC with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
Lamp wattage (W) 50 70 100 150 250 400 1000 Electronic 35 50 100 Table 58 52 Sec2 Circuit current (A) 0.3 0.45 0.6 0.85 1.4 2.2 5.4 0.2 0.35 0.55 1 6 6 6 6 6 10 16 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 10 16 32 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 10 16 20 40 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 10 16 25 50 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 10 16 32 50 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 20 32 50 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 10 20 32 50 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 6 10 10 10 10 10 6 16 16 16 20 20 16 20 25 32 32 32 32 40 63 63 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 10 6 6 10 6 6 10 13 6 10 10 16 25 40 6 6 10 14 6 10 16 16 25 40 6 10 10 15 6 10 16 16 32 50 6 10 16 16 6 10 16 20 32 50 6 10 16 17 10 10 16 20 32 50 6 10 16 18 10 16 16 20 32 50 6 10 16 19 10 16 16 25 40 63 6 10 16 20 10 16 16 25 40 63 6 10 16

High pressure metal halide (MH - MHN - MHC - HPI with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
Lamp wattage (W) 35 70 150 250 1000 1800 MHC 35 70 150 HPI 250 400 1000 2000 Circuit current (A) 0.24 0.45 0.85 1.4 5.4 8.6 Electronic 0.23 0.4 0.75 1.35 2.15 5.3 9.9 1 6 6 6 6 16 25 6 6 6 6 6 16 25 2 6 6 6 10 32 40 6 6 6 10 16 32 50 3 6 6 10 16 40 63 6 6 6 16 20 40 63 4 6 6 10 16 50 63 6 6 10 16 25 50 63 5 6 6 10 16 50 63 6 6 10 16 25 50 63 6 6 6 10 20 50 6 6 10 20 32 50 7 6 6 10 20 50 6 6 10 20 32 50 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 16 16 16 20 20 20 20 25 63 63 6 6 10 20 32 63 6 6 10 20 32 63 6 6 10 20 32 6 6 16 20 32 6 6 16 25 40 13 6 10 16 25 6 10 16 25 40 14 6 10 16 25 6 10 16 25 40 15 6 10 16 32 6 10 16 32 50 16 6 10 20 32 6 10 16 32 50 17 6 10 20 32 6 10 16 32 50 18 6 16 20 32 6 10 20 32 50 19 6 16 25 40 6 10 20 40 63 20 6 16 25 40 6 10 20 40 63 -
High pressure metal halide (MHN - HPI with PF correction) @ Vac = 400
Lamp wattage (W) MHN 1800 2000 HPI 2000 Table 59 Circuit current (A) 5.6 5.6 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C trip 63 63 63 63 63 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
16 16 16
32 32 32
40 40 40
50 50 50
50 50 50
50 50 50
50 50 50
Sec2
53
2
Lamp wattage (W) 50 80 125 250 400 1000 Table 60 Circuit current (A) 0.3 0.45 0.7 1.35 2.15 5.3 1 6 6 6 6 6 16

High pressure mercury vapour (HPL with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
2 6 6 6 10 16 32 3 6 6 6 10 20 40 4 6 6 10 16 25 50 5 6 6 10 16 25 50 6 6 6 10 16 32 50 7 6 6 10 16 32 50 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 16 16 20 20 25 32 32 32 32 40 63 63 13 6 10 16 25 40 14 6 10 16 25 40 15 6 10 16 32 50 16 6 10 16 32 50 17 10 10 16 32 50 18 10 16 16 32 50 19 10 16 20 40 63 20 10 16 20 40 60 63
54
Sec2
Table for lamps - type D trip MCB

Low pressure sodium (SOX - SOXE with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
Lamp wattage (W) 18 26 35/36 55 91 131 135 180 Electronic 36 55 66 91 Circuit current (A) 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.35 0.49 0.66 0.73 1 0.16 0.23 0.28 0.5 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 6 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 10 16 16 16 16 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 13 6 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 14 6 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 15 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 16 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 20 6 6 6 10 17 6 6 6 10 16 16 16 25 6 6 6 16 18 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 25 6 6 10 16 19 6 6 6 10 16 16 20 25 6 6 10 16 20 6 6 6 10 16 20 20 25 6 6 10 16
High pressure sodium (SON - SONT - SONC with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
Lamp wattage (W) 50 70 100 150 250 400 1000 Electronic 35 50 100 Table 61 Circuit current (A) 0.3 0.45 0.6 0.85 1.4 2.2 5.4 0.2 0.35 0.55 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 10 20 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 10 16 32 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 10 16 32 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 16 20 40 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 16 20 40 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 10 16 25 50 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 16 16 16 16 20 20 25 25 25 32 32 40 63 63 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 10 6 6 10 6 6 10 13 6 10 10 16 25 40 6 6 10 14 6 10 16 16 25 40 6 10 10 15 6 10 16 16 32 50 6 10 16 16 6 10 16 20 32 50 6 10 16 17 10 10 16 20 32 50 6 10 16 18 10 16 16 20 32 50 6 10 16 19 10 16 16 25 40 63 6 10 16 20 10 16 16 25 40 63 6 10 16
Sec2
55
2
Lamp wattage (W) 35 70 150 250 MHN 1000 1800 MHC 35 70 150 HPI 250 400 1000 2000 Circuit current (A) 0.24 0.45 0.85 1.4 5.4 8.6 Electronic 0.23 0.4 0.75 1.35 2.15 5.3 9.9 1 6 6 6 6 10 16 6 6 6 6 6 10 20

High pressure metal halide (MH - MHN - MHC - HPI with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
2 6 6 6 6 20 32 6 6 6 6 10 20 32 3 6 6 6 10 32 40 6 6 6 10 16 25 40 4 6 6 6 10 32 50 6 6 6 10 16 32 50 5 6 6 6 16 40 63 6 6 6 16 20 40 63 6 6 6 10 16 50 63 6 6 6 16 20 40 7 6 6 10 16 50 6 6 6 16 25 50 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 16 16 16 16 16 20 20 25 63 6 6 10 16 25 63 63 6 6 10 16 25 63 6 6 10 20 32 6 6 16 20 32 6 6 16 25 40 13 6 10 16 25 6 10 16 25 40 14 6 10 16 25 6 10 16 25 40 15 6 10 16 32 6 10 16 32 50 16 6 10 20 32 6 10 16 32 50 17 6 10 20 32 6 10 16 32 50 18 6 16 20 32 6 10 20 32 50 19 6 16 25 40 6 10 20 40 63 20 6 16 25 40 6 10 20 40 63 -
High pressure metal halide (MHN - HPI with PF correction) @ Vac = 400
Lamp wattage (W) MHN 1800 2000 HPI 2000 Table 62 Circuit current (A) 5.6 5.6 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type D trip 63 63 63 63 63 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
16 16 16
20 20 25
32 32 32
32 32 32
32 32 32
32 32 40
50 50 50
56
Sec2

High pressure mercury vapour (HPL with PF correction) @ Vac = 230
Lamp wattage (W) 50 80 125 250 400 1000 Table 63 Circuit current (A) 0.3 0.45 0.7 1.35 2.15 5.3 1 6 6 6 6 6 10 2 6 6 6 6 10 20 3 6 6 6 10 16 25 4 6 6 6 10 16 32 5 6 6 6 10 20 40 6 6 6 6 10 20 40 7 6 6 10 16 25 50 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 16 16 20 20 25 25 25 32 32 40 63 63 13 6 10 16 25 40 14 6 10 16 25 40 15 6 10 16 32 50 16 6 10 16 32 50 17 10 10 16 32 50 18 10 16 16 32 50 19 10 16 20 40 63 20 10 16 20 40 63 -
Sec2
57
2
Compact Flourescent Lamps
Ecotone ambiance
Ecotone economy PL PE professional
Prismatic professional SL comfort
Globe ambiance
Non integrated PL-L
Ecotone, ambiance globe, PL-EU

Lamp wattage (W) 6 9 11 14 16 18 20 Table 64 Circuit current (A) 0.048 0.07 0.088 0.093 0.105 0.12 0.14 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
@Vac = 231
4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C & D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 14 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 15 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 16 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 17 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 19 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
58
Sec2

PL ET Professional
Lamp wattage (W) 11 15 20 23 Table 65 Circuit current (A) 0.08 0.13 0.155 0.175 1 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6
2
14 6 6 6 6 15 6 6 6 6 16 6 6 6 6 17 6 6 6 6 18 6 6 6 6 19 6 6 6 6 20 6 6 6 6
@Vac = 231
4 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C & D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 6 6 6 6
SL Comfort, Prismatic Professional

Lamp wattage (W) 9 13 17 18/21 25 Circuit current (A) 0.11 0.12 0.145 0.18 0.25 1 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6
@Vac = 231
4 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 Number of lamps in circuit 8 9 10 11 12 Circuit breaker type C & D trip 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 6 6 6 6 6 14 6 6 6 6 6 15 6 6 6 6 6 16 6 6 6 6 6 17 6 6 6 6 6 18 6 6 6 6 6 19 6 6 6 6 6 20 6 6 6 6 10
Note: Lamps tend to have a low power factor and may require 15/20 micro F per 10 lamps in a industrial environment (Note the wattage and VA are different due to low power factor)
Table 66
Sec2
59
2
A surge arrestor is a device that limits transient voltage surges and runs current waves to ground to reduce the strength of the voltage surge and make it safe for electrical installations and equipment. The surge arrestor eliminates voltage surges:

Between 2,000 and 5,000 storms are constantly forming around the world. These storms are accompanied by lightning that constitutes a serious risk for both people and equipment. Every year there are 3 billion strokes of lightning around the world exposing critical loads to risk. The surge arrestor has an internal thermal protection device which guards against burn out at the end of its life. Gradually over normal use, after withstanding a number of voltage surges, the surge arrestor degrades into a conductive device. An indicator on the front warns of this approach of end-of-life. When new this indicator is white; at end of life it becomes red. The protecting mcb operates to disconnect the device from the supply. The decision to fit surge suppression to an electrical distribution system should be based on a risk assessment. The following is a method of assessing the need for surge suppression.
In common mode: between phase or neutral and earth In differential mode: between phases and neutral
The unit consists of a zinc oxide varistor having a very fast response time, in the order of one nanosecond (10-9 s) with high energy dissipation. Immediately after the surge the device reverts back to its normal high impedance state.
60
Sec2

Overvoltage risk assessment.
Risk = (Equipment Sensitivity Factor) + (Equipment Cost Factor) + (Interruption Consequences Factor) Risk R = S+C+I
2
S 0 1 2 3 C 1 2 3 I 1 2 3
Equipment sensitivity
Overvoltage category for 230/240 & 277/480V Overvoltage category IV Origin of installation level III II I Distribution circuit level Load (appliance, equipment) level Specially protected level Rated impulse withstand voltage 6.0kV 4.0kV 2.5kV 1.5kV
Equipment cost Less than 1,000 1,001 to 12,000 More than 12,000 Interruption consequences Total interruption acceptable Some interruption acceptable No interruption acceptable Risk factor normally between 2 and 9 Table 67
Sec2
61
2
Site criteria.
Typical values of Ng are Scotland

Surge arrestor selection (Assessing the risk against the Site criteria).
E = Ng X (1 + d + LV + HV)
Where Ng is the Lightning strike density in number of strikes / km2 / year less than 0.2 less than 0.3 0.2 up to 0.7 on higher ground Risk 8 7 6 5 4 Table 69 E=<1 40kA 15kA 15kA 15kA
Site criteria
1<E<4 40kA 40kA 40kA 15kA E>=4 40kA 40kA 40kA 40kA
Wales, Devon and Cornwall England
Low risk. Use 15kA device if required
Site exposure
Entirely surrounded by structures Several nearby structures Open or flat ground Exposed site
d
0 0.5 0.75 1.0 These notes apply to single phase and neutral and three phase and neutral supplies having TT or TN-S earthing arrangements. For other arrangements please contact us. The surge arrestor must be protected by a circuit breaker, rated 20A, type C, having a breaking capacity equal to or greater than the fault level at the point of installation. For fault levels up to 10kA use:

For single phase applications KQ10C120 For three phase applications KQ10C320
Low voltage network

Underground Overhead 100 199 m 200 299 m 300 399 m 400 499 m > 500 m
LV
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
These breakers fit onto the LoadCentre KQ busbar assembly. The surge arrestors may also be fitted into the distribution board or in an individual enclosure mounted adjacent to it.
High voltage network

Underground Overhead Table 68 62 Sec2
HV
0 1.0

Surge arrestor installation rules.
LoadCentre KQ MCB
Surge Arrester
Must be installed as near as possible to the main incoming device Must be protected by a suitable circuit breaker, see above Cable length from breaker to surge arrestor must be less than 500mm Cable loops including earth connections must be kept as short as possible May be installed in LoadCentre KQ MCB distribution boards or I-Line MCCB panelboards or in a separate enclosure
L1
L2
L3
Fig. 46
Sec2
63
2
Circuit breaker/contactor coordination
A circuit supplying a motor may include one, two, three or four switchgear or control gear devices fulfiling one or more functions. See Fig. 47. When a number of devices are used, they must be coordinated to ensure optimum operation of the motor. Protection of a motor circuit involves a number of parameters that depend on:
Protection of motor circuits
Protection functions Disconnection functions: Isolate a motor circuit prior to maintenance operations. Short circuit protection: Protect the starter and the cables against major overcurrents (> 10 In). Control: Start and stop the motor, and, if applicable:

Overloads (I < 10 In) An overload may be caused by:
Overload protection devices Thermal relays provide protection against this type of fault. They may be:

An electrical problem, for instance on the mains (loss of a phase, voltage outside tolerances, etc.) A mechanical problem, for instance excessive torque due to abnormally high demands by the process or motor damage (bearing vibrations, etc.)
Integrated in the short circuit protective device Separate
Short circuit protection devices This type of protection is provided by a circuit breaker or fuses. Protection against insulation faults This type of protection may be provided by:

The application (type of machine driven, operating safety, starting frequency, etc.) The level of service continuity imposed by the load or the application The applicable standards to ensure protection of life and property
Gradual acceleration Speed control
A further consequence of these two origins is excessively long starting. Low level short circuit (10 < I < 50 In) Deterioration of motor-winding insulation is the primary cause. Short circuit (I > 50 In) This type of fault is relatively rare. A possible cause may be a connection error during maintenance.
Overload protection: Protect the starter and the cables against minor overcurrents (< 10 In). Additional specific protection:

A residual current device (RCD) An insulation monitoring device (IMD)
The necessary electrical functions are of very different natures:

Protection (motordedicated for overloads) Control (generally with high endurance levels) Isolation
Limitative fault protection (while the motor is running) Preventive fault protection (monitoring of motor insulation with motor off)
64
Sec2
Protection and switching of motor circuits

Protection functions
Rated duty
Utilising category BS EN 60947-3 details various categories of duty which relate to the nature of the load:
All equipment built to BS EN 60947-3 Low voltage switchgear and control gear have ratings based on an 8 hour duty cycle (clause 4.3.4.1.). The rating of Quadbreak and Twinbreak are accordingly based on this clause of the standard
Utilising category AC20
Application Connecting and disconnecting under NO-Load. All switching operations are carried out by other devices. Switching of resistive loads including moderate overloads. Devices can switch purely resistive loads and 150% of its rated current under fault conditions. Switching of mixed resistive/inductive loads, including moderate overloads. Suitable for mixed resistive/inductive loads, device can switch 300% of its rated current under fault conditions. Switching of highly inductive loads. Devices can switch motors or can be used as back up to other means of switching.
AC21
AC22
AC23
Fig. 47
Table 70
Sec2
65
2
1 phase motors kW hp 0.50 4.2 1 8.3 2 16.7 4 33.3 6 50 7 58 8 67 9 75 10 83 12 100 14 117 16 133 150 18 167 20 208 25 250 30 230V 2.2 4.3 8.7 17.4 26 30 35 39 43 52 61 70 78 87 109 130 240V 2.1 4.2 8.3 16.7 25 29 33 38 42 50 58 67 75 83 104 125
Average full load motor currents

3 phase 4 pole 50/60 Hz motors 400V 380V hp kW 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.37 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.55 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.75 2.3 2.4 1.5 1.1 3.1 3.3 2.0 1.5 4.6 4.8 2.9 2.2 6.2 6.6 4.0 3.0 8.3 9.0 5.4 4.0 11.4 12 7.4 5.5 15 16 10.1 7.5 20 21 13 10 24 25 16 12 28 29 19 14 32 33 21 16 35 37 24 18 39 41 27 20 48 51 34 25 57 60 40 30 66 70 47 35 75 79 54 40 84 88 60 45 93 98 67 50 103 108 74 55 112 118 80 60 121 128 87 65 131 138 94 70 140 147 101 75 149 157 107 80 159 167 114 85 168 177 121 90 177 187 127 95 187 197 134 100 415V 0.7 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.0 4.4 6.0 8.0 11 14 19 23 27 30 33 37 47 55 64 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 3 phase 4 pole 50/60 Hz motors kW hp 380V 110 150 205 132 180 245 160 220 300 220 300 408 250 340 460 315 430 584 355 480 636 400 545 710 500 680 900 400V 195 233 285 388 425 555 605 675 820 415V 200 240 280 385 425 535 580 650 820
Table 71
66
Sec2
LoadCentre KQ - circuit breaker ratings

Circuit breaker ratings for infrequent start motor loads.
Three phase circuit breaker ratings for infrequent start motor loads. Circuit breakers are not generally intended to provide close current protection for motors. Normally they are used in conjunction with a recognised motor over current protective device. Under these conditions the circuit breaker will protect the cable to the motor whilst the motors own protective device will protect the motor itself. The comparison between full load current and kW rating, is based upon an average efficiency and power factor for each motor rating.
Reference No. KQ10C306 KQ10C310 KQ10C316 KQ10C320 KQ10C325 KQ10C332 KQ10C340 KQ10C350 KQ10C363 KQ10D306 KQ10D310 KQ10D316 KQ10D320 KQ10D325 KQ10D332 KQ10D340 KQ10D350 KQ10D363 Table 72
MCB current rating (A) 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63
D.O.L. starting Full load kW current @ 400V ac 3.2 1.5 5.4 2.6 8.6 4.1 10.7 5.2 13.4 6.5 17 9 21 11 27 14 34 17 3.2 5.4 8.6 10.7 13.4 17 21 27 34 1.5 2.6 4.1 5.2 6.5 9 11 14 17
Reduced voltage starting Full load kW current @ 400V ac 4.5 2.2 7.5 3.6 10 5 13 6 16 8 20 10 25 13 32 16 40 21 4.5 7.5 10 13 16 20 25 32 40 2.2 3.6 5 6 8 10 13 16 21
The circuit breaker ratings used to protect the cable to the motor are based upon DOL starting = Up to 4kW, 7 x full load current for 4.5 seconds 4.1kW to 30kW, 7 x full load current for 6 seconds
Reduced voltage starting = Up to 18.5kW, 3.5 x full load current for 10 seconds 19kW to 30kW, 4 x full load current for 18 seconds.
Sec2
67
2
Reference No. KQ10C106 KQ10C110 KQ10C116 KQ10C120 KQ10C125 KQ10C132 KQ10C140 KQ10C150 KQ10C163 KQ10D106 KQ10D110 KQ10D116 KQ10D120 KQ10D125 KQ10D132 KQ10D140 KQ10D150 KQ10D163 Table 73 DOL starting = Up to 4kW, 7 x full load current for 4.5 seconds 4.1 to 10kW, 7 x full load current for 6 seconds. MCB current rating (A) 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63
LoadCentre KQ - circuit breaker ratings

Single phase circuit breaker ratings for infrequent start motor loads.
D.O.L. starting Full load kW current @ 230V ac 3.2 0.4 5.4 0.7 9 1.1 11 1.4 13 1.7 17 2.2 21 2.8 27 3.5 34 4.3 3.2 5.4 9 11 13 17 21 27 34 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.3
68
Sec2
Product technical data

Enclosed switch disconnectors
Ratings Standard Rated current Ie Voltage Ue/Uimp 50/60Hz Rated short time withstand Icw Rated short circuit making capacity Icm Rated short circuit breaking capacity Icn Utilisation category Kilowatt rating Mechanical endurance Electrical endurance Rated service temperature Table 74 16A BS EN 60947-3 16 690/8kV 300A 1kA 200A AC20/21/22 5.5 50,000 BS EN 60947-3 40C 32A BS EN 60947-3 32 690/8kV 480A 2.1kA 320A AC20/21/22 11 30,000 BS EN 60947-3 40C 63A BS EN 60947-3 63 690/8kV 960A 2.8kA 640A AC20/21/22 22 30,000 BS EN 60947-3 40C
Twinbreak
Ratings Standard Rated current Ie Voltage Ue/Uimp 50/60Hz Rated short time withstand Icw Rated short circuit making capacity Icm Rated short circuit breaking capacity Icn Utilisation category Kilowatt rating Mechanical endurance Electrical endurance Rated service temperature Table 75 20A 20A 32A 32A 63A 100A BS EN 60947-3 I.E.C. 947-3 63A 100A 415V/500V/6kV 756A 1300A 1.35kA 3.5kA 50kA 50kA 30kW 55kW As per BS EN 60947-3 As per BS EN 60947-3 40C 125A 125A 1300A 3.5kA 50kA AC20/21/22B 55kw 160A 160A 1300A 3.5kA 50kA 55kW
416A 416A 1.35kA 1.35kA 50kA 50kA AC20/21/22A/23B 11kW 15kW
Sec2
69
2
Quadbreak
Ratings Standard Rated current Ie Voltage Ue/Uimp 50/60Hz Rated short time withstand Icw Rated short circuit making capacity Icm Rated short circuit breaking capacity Icn Utilisation category Kilowatt rating Mechanical endurance Electrical endurance Rated service temperature Table 76 63A 63A 3.4kA 5kA 50kA 30kW
Product technical data

100A 100A 3.4kA 5kA 50kA AC20/21/22/23A 55kW 160A 200/250A 315/400A 500A BS EN 60947-3 I.E.C. 947-3 160A 200/250A 315/400A 500A 415/500/8kV 3.4kA 5.23kA 12kA 12kA 5kA 8kA 24kA 24kA 50kA 50kA 50kA 50kA AC20/21/22/23B 90kW 110/130kW 175/220kW 250kW As per BS EN 60947-3 As per BS EN 60947-3 40C 630A 630A 12kA 24kA 50kA 300kW 800A 800A 12kA 24kA 50kA AC20/21/22B -
I-Line fuse switch units

Ratings Standard Rated current Ie Voltage Ue/Uimp 50/60Hz Rated short time withstand Icw Rated short circuit making capacity Icm Rated short circuit breaking capacity Icn Utilisation category Kilowatt rating Mechanical endurance Electrical endurance Rated service temperature Table 77 32A 63A 100A 100A 160A BS EN 60947-3 160A 250A 315A 400A 400A
32A 63A 690/1000/8kV
250A 315A 690/1000/12kV
30kW
30kW
As per BS EN 60947-3 50kA 50kA AC21/22/23B 55kW 59kW 147kW As per BS EN 60947-3 As per BS EN 60947-3 35C
184kW
220kW
70
Sec2
The benefits of busbar trunking

The end user
An end user who has busbar trunking installed in his building will also receive many benefits. The low installation time of busbar trunking means that retail outlets can be up and selling faster, giving a quicker return on the owners investment. Another major advantage is the use of multiple tap off points, which allow the layout of the distribution system to be changed to accommodate changes in power requirements. Retail outlets find this feature useful when they need to re-arrange the positions of lights, counters, product displays and tills. Factories also often need to install new machines and reorganise production lines and busbar trunking is ideal for this.
Also, because protection devices such as fuse switches are located within each loads tap-off unit, downtime during maintenance and repair is minimised - an individual circuit can be isolated, minimising disruption to the rest of the supply system. The distribution system is also usually easier to extend than in a conventional cabled system. Busbar trunking products usually allow changes of direction in a far smaller space than would be possible with cable - busbar trunking can be designed with 180 degree bends that can reverse direction in an area just over twice the width of a trunking length, whereas a cable may need to be formed into a large loop to do the same, particularly a large diameter armoured cable designed to carry heavy current. Busbar trunking also makes it easy to replace straight runs with T-pieces, bends and other components, without disturbing the rest of the network and also takes up much less space.
Increased voltage stability is also a feature of busbar trunking: voltage drop and voltage dip is lower than the equivalent cable layout, particularly important for the supply of voltage sensitive equipment such as IT and telecommunications. Temperature resistance is also usually better than cable, as is resistance to fire. Busbar trunking can be fitted with fire barriers to prevent the spread of fire and smoke to other areas of the building.
Sec2
71
2
Benefits
Another major advantage of busbar trunking is the use of tap off units. These contain protective devices, which allow the trunking to feed other sub-circuits in the building. A variety of protective devices are available, including HRC fuses, miniature circuit breaker and moulded case circuit breakers. Taps off units are of two types, plug-in or fixed. Plug-in units are designed to be attached at tap off points along the length of the busbar, while fixed tap off points are fixed in position during manufacture. Tap off units have a number of features designed to ensure they meet electrical safety regulations. Plug-in units can be designed to be non-reversible, ensuring they can only be inserted in the correct phase rotation.
The benefits of tap-off units
They can also be designed to connect the protective circuit before the live circuit when being installed, and to break after the live conductors when they are removed from the circuit. Units with a switch disconnector can be locked in the OFF position, while covers giving access to live parts can only be removed with a tool. Some designs of tap off units with integral isolator can be safely removed and connected onto the busbar trunking whilst it remains live.
72
Sec2
Typical applications
Busbar trunking is employed in a wide variety of applications in many industries. The main types of applications include retail premises, offices, warehouses and factories. Retail outlets find the flexibility of tap off units useful when they need to re-arrange the positions of lights, counters and tills. Using busbar trunking, they do not have to call in electricians every time they want to change the layout of their stores, giving them much more flexibility in the way they use their display space. For office applications, other particular features of busbar trunking are useful. Busbar trunking can be designed with lower electro-magnetic radiation than cable, important for sensitive electronic equipment. Busbar trunking also gives a true 90 degree bend, making best use of often restricted space. Modern warehouses and factories, with their large uniform areas and straight walls are the ideal sites for the use of busbar trunking. Warehouse operators find busbar trunking useful for its adaptability, for instance when a new racking system necessitates moving the luminaires to provide a new lighting scheme. Factories also often need to install new machines and reorganise production lines and busbar trunking is ideal for this. For heavy power distribution, busbar trunking is often employed to provide a connection between a transformer and switchboard and in three phase supplies can handle currents in the order of 5kA. Possible applications include:
Small and medium sized factories such as machining, assembly and plastic moulding plant Electrical generation facilities, petro-chemicals industries and oil and gas platforms Retail buildings such as supermarkets, shopping malls, do-it-yourself centres and garden centres Storage buildings, such as warehouses, distribution centres and agricultural buildings Workshops, for instance; garages, textile workshops and repair facilities Leisure facilities including sport halls and arenas University and college buildings, in areas such as technical schools and laboratories Hospitals Hotels Apartment blocks Airports and MOD sites with large storage areas such as hangers
There are some applications that are largely unsuitable for busbar trunking, mainly older buildings with irregularly shaped rooms. The need to use many small linking pieces of busbar to change direction many times would probably not make the system cost-effective in these applications. As a rule of thumb, when an installation involves fewer than four connections or tap off outlets, a conventional cable installation will be a more cost effective method.
Sec2
73
2
Busbar trunking can also be used vertically to supply several floors in a multi-storey building. For this, special rising main busbar must be employed. Vertical busbars are usually run in a vertical duct in the building. A lockable Riser cupboard is usually provided for each floor, to accommodate the distribution boards and switches. From here, the lighting and power supplies feed the floors circuits. It is preferable to use only one phase per floor, as this lessens the chance of people coming into contact with voltages higher than 240V.
Rising main busbar trunking
74
Sec2
Specifying busbar trunking

Although cable still has the lions share of the market, the advantages of busbar trunking have led to it being recognised as a viable alternative to cable and it is frequently specified by architects. Contractors and consultants also increasingly choose it over cable. Busbar trunking makes the design of a distribution system simpler and quicker, as it makes it possible to design the installation without knowing the final distribution load layout. The only requirement is to take into account the characteristics of the source of supply and the loads. Busbar trunking and cable are equally easy to specify when it comes to estimating lengths needed, but busbar trunking makes it easier to estimate the labour costs because the tasks needed to install it are better defined. Another aspect to be considered is that of discrimination. In the event of a fault on one outgoing circuit, discrimination is the ability of the electrical installation to maintain continuity of electrical supply to other adjacent circuits. This can be difficult to achieve if the busbars and circuit breakers are sourced from different manufacturers. The best option is to purchase from a manufacturer which can supply both, such as Square D. These companies will supply tables and design guides, making it easier to co-ordinate the electrical properties of the busbar trunking and the circuit breakers. Four main points need to be considered before choosing the right type of busbar trunking for a particular application. These are :

Type, characteristics and location of load Characteristics and location of power source Structure of the premises (to establish the availability of suitable fixing points) External factors (ambient air temperature, dust, damp atmosphere etc, where the trunking is to be installed)
Sec2
75
76
Sec2
Control and Command for commercial applications Section 3

This section contains information on automatic control of circuits for large lighting and heating schemes, Control and Command as well as the performance figures for the most commonly used contactors and switching devices. Also, the tabulated information which does not fit within the performance figures for the protection and control devices but which can be useful to the designer.
introduction
Contents
20 19 18 17
Lighting control Heating control Small motor control Metering
CT INPUT VOLT INPUT

1 2 3 4
Power Pulse Supply Output

5 6 8 9
Performance figures Operational information
Ph 1 R Ph 2 Y Ph 3 8
N FRONT VIEW
section 3
Sec3
3
Since the introduction of the Climate Change Levy, wasting energy is not just bad for the environment it now carries a heavy financial penalty, with electricity being the most heavily taxed fuel of all. With Square D you have access to a unique range of Control and Command devices designed to make savings in every area of consumption and provide more comfortable working and living conditions. The products may be fitted into a standard distribution board or consumer unit without modification, putting the protection and control into one neat unit. This section covers the applications, circuits and performance requirements for smaller and larger schemes. Highly complex schemes may be addressed by utilising the IHC programmable system. Lighting control Natural daylight is the best and lowest cost form of light but it is not always available when required. It is necessary to provide electric lighting to supplement natural light during the day and provide full illumination at night. The Control and Command range will ensure that lights are only on when and where required to optimise the costs incurred.
Introduction
Since the introduction of the Climate Change Levy, wasting energy is not just bad for the environment: it now carries a heavy financial penalty, with electricity the most heavily taxed fuel of all. Heating control Electricity may an expensive means of heating so it is essential to make the most efficient use of the heating, to have it on only when required and to switch off or go to standby when not required. The Control and Command range will achieve this if it is space or water heating. Motor control In commercial and light industrial environments there are a large number of applications where small motor drives are used, the switching duty is light and the Control and Command range of contactors may be used for the light duty applications. As with schemes shown in Section 1, industrial and commercial systems benefit in the same way using the Control and Command range from Square D. However, the schemes are likely to be larger and more complex. These are the main applications covered by the range, however, audible alarms and presence detectors are also included.
Sec3
Technical appendix

Larger lighting schemes.
The previous lighting schemes in Section 1 are very effective in the small environment but as the lighting load increases and the floor area to be lit increases so does the electrical load. In addition, the longer cable runs introduce greater voltage drops making the need for larger cables more likely. Whilst it may seem a paradox to introduce more components to simplify the arrangement, the use of contactors in the lighting circuits makes the installation easier to install and simpler to calculate. Voltage drop calculations are greatly simplified as the switching circuit is not part of the main circuit. This main circuit is direct from the distribution board to the luminaries. The switching circuit only carries the load of the contactor coil, which at switch on is of the order of 0.2A. A separate control circuit mcb is required if the main mcb is of such a rating that it does not protect the control circuit cable against overcurrent. (Fig. 48) Contactor control is essential when the lighting is controlled by a BMS system. The control circuits are run from the distribution boards to the BMS controller which may be positioned wherever convenient for the operation of the building. Time switches, presence detectors and PIR detectors can all be used with contactor controlled circuits. These controlling devices are all connected in the switch circuit so only carry and switch the contactor coil current giving longer contact life. Controlling devices can be combined to provide more sophisticated control. These combinations are much easier with contactor control. e.g. Combine light sensitive switch & time switch: with their contacts connected in series they ensure that lights are only on during permitted hours and when the natural light level is below the set threshold. Whether the main lighting load is single or 3 phase, only one set of control devices is required.
MCB L Main N L Control N MCB Switch Contactor
Fig. 48
Control MCB L
Light Sensitive Switch
Time Switch
Contactor
Fig. 49 Apart from the light sensitive switch sensor, all the components and wiring is contained in the distribution board. (Fig. 49)
Technical appendix
Sec3
3
Multi location switching.
The use of contactor control has its limitations if control is required at more than one switch position. If the switches are wired in series all switches must be closed before the lights will be ON. Alternatively if the switches are in parallel any one closed will put the lights on and they must all be off before the lights are extinguished.

Impulse relays are relays, rated at 16A which have two stable operating states: with the main contacts open or closed. An electrical supply does not have to be maintained to the coil to keep the contacts closed. A short impulse to the coil will change the contact state. Another impulse will change the contact back. Thus one pushbutton can be used to switch the lights on or off. The simplicity of the circuit means that any number of pushbuttons can be connected in parallel to provide lighting control at any number of locations. Thus the lighting of a large area can be switched on at any entrance and switched off at any exit. The pushbuttons only carry control current and then only when they are actually pressed Volt drop calculations and problems can be forgotten in the control circuit. Additional switch positions can be introduced without the need to change any of the existing cabling.
L Contactor Coil
Fig. 50
MCB L Main N
Impulse Relay
The introduction of 2 way switching and intermediate switches solves this problem but still leaves complications if the lights are to be controlled from a large number of switch positions. (Fig. 50) There is a simpler way and that is to introduce impulse relays instead of contactors into the circuit. Contactor coils need to be permanently energised to maintain the supply to the lighting load. This means that heat is being continuously dissipated in the panel. (Fig. 51)
Neutral switching optional MCB L Control N
Fig. 51
Sec3
Technical appendix

Multi step control.
In large warehouses there is often a need to switch all the lights on using one switch or control. If all the luminaires are energised at the same time there is likely to be a severe current surge in the supply causing problems elsewhere in the installation. T1, T2, T3 are time delay relays having a delay on energisation. If each timer is set to 5 seconds the sequence is:
Main Circuits
C1 C2 C3 C4
Control Switch C1 T1 T1 C2 T2 T2 C3 T3 T3 C4
Closing the control switch energises C1 & T1 intermediately First row of lights ON (C1) T1 starts timing & 5 sec later it allows C2 to close and energises T2 coil Second row of lights ON (C2) T2 starts timing & 5 sec later it allows C3 to close and energises T3 coil Third row of lights ON (C3) T3 starts timing & 5 sec later it allows C4 to close Last row of lights ON (C4) On opening the switch all lights are extinguished The use of time delay relays allows the sequenced control of the lighting without a large current inrush. Fig. 52
Technical appendix
Sec3
3
Stairwells.
Stairwells and hallways need to be well lit whilst people are present but as the areas are only occasionally occupied energy is wasted by leaving the lights on permanently. Use a timer relay to switch the lights ON when required and then to switch OFF automatically after a time delay. With the location of switches at every point that people would use to enter the stairwell it is easy for users to switch the lights ON. (Fig. 53) The period that the lights stay ON can be set between 1 and 7 minutes. The switches need to be pushbutton (retractive) types. If required they may be fitted with a neon indicator, wired across the contacts, to aid location in the dark.

Installation costs Generally the extra cost of the additional components in the electrical distribution equipment will be recovered many times over by the reduction in electricity consumption over the life of the installation. For high density control applications a range of extra service distribution boards are available, each one providing 13 module spaces for control products. For stand alone control applications or where there is insufficient space within the boards a range of insulated and metal enclosures are available. Fig. 54
MCB L Timed
Pushbutton N Additional pushbuttons may be connected in parallel
Fig. 53
MCB L
Switch
Timer
Run on timer
The circuit is designed to switch lights and an associated ventilation fan. On closing the switch the lights and the ventilation fan are switched ON. When the switch is opened the lights go out but the fan continues to run for a period of time, adjustable between 1 and 7 minutes. (Fig. 54)
Sec3
Technical appendix

Automatic control.
The introduction of some form of automatic control can reduce electricity costs by ensuring that heating is only switched on when required. Whilst automation in some form may add to the initial installation costs, this has to be balanced against the reduced electricity consumption costs over the life of the electrical installation. Time switches and thermostats are examples of products that may be used to automate the installation. They are installed in the heater circuit to directly switch the load. For larger loads the contact rating of these control devices is not adequate and so it is necessary to switch the load using an interposing contactor. The controlling devices switch the control circuit of the contactor which in turn switches the load. These control devices may be used individually or in combination to provide the best possible installation to suit the needs of the end user.
Time switches.
Typical applications are office areas where the heating is required to be switched at set times each day without the need for manual intervention. The type of time switch to be used depends upon the level of sophistication required. (Fig. 55) Simple 24 hour time switch, repeating the same pre-set switching sequence each day. Battery back up is included to eliminate the need to reset the device every time there is a power cut. Digital time switch, 7 day type. These are available with 1 or 2 programmable contacts. The programme can be set to have different switching times each day or day omission if required. e.g. no switching at weekends. The two contacts of the 2-channel version are programmed completely independently. Battery back up stores the switching programme for at least 5 years. An ON / OFF override facility exists on all the time switches but it may be preferred to have external ON / Timed / OFF control. This allows control without giving access to the time switch settings. When the heater is controlled by a contactor this can be achieved by using a standard 2-gang single pole one way light switch. The supply to the time switch motor is maintained. On loss of supply the time switch will continue to keep time but the contacts will not switch. (Fig. 56) Contactor control is essential when the heating is controlled by a BMS system. The control circuits are run from the distribution board to the BMS controller positioned wherever convenient for the operation of the building. (Fig. 57) Generally the extra cost of the additional components in the electrical distribution equipment will be recovered many times over by the reduction in electricity consumption over the life of the installation if suitable controlling products are used.
Technical appendix
Sec3
3
MCB L Time Switch N
Control Circuit MCB L Two Pole Switch N Time Switch
ON/Timed Contactor ON/OFF
Fig. 55
Contactor
Two Pole Switch
Contactor
Two Pole Switch
Fig. 56
MCB L N
BMS
Contactor
Fig. 57
Sec3
Technical appendix
Control and Command - motor control

Motor control.
For very small motors the control method can be a directly connected switch disconnector in the circuit that is used for isolation and control. (Fig. 58) This arrangement requires that the control device is near to the motor and that it is capable of the switching duty required by the application. For larger drives or where a more sophisticated control scheme is required the use of a contactor in the circuit gives many advantages. Control by contactor means that the contactor performs the switching duty. The switching is achieved by energising and de-energising the contactor coil by remote pushbuttons or switches. These control devices only carry and switch the current taken by the contactor coil which is less than 0.25A. This means that voltage drop calculations are usually not necessary for these control circuits. For simplicity it is normal to derive the control circuit supply from one phase to neutral ie 230V 50Hz. This arrangement eliminates the need for a separate supply or a control circuit transformer. Control circuit protection (mcb) is required unless the main breaker is of such a rating that it provides protection for the control circuit cabling. Generally, if the main breaker is rated more than 10A with the control circuit cabled in 1.0mm2 a separate control mcb is required. Contactor control can be either two wire or three wire depending on the circuit configuration.
3
Switch
Two wire control.

As its name implies this means of control has two wires to the remote control station. If more than one switch is in the circuit they must all be closed before the contactor is energised. On loss of supply the contactor will drop out. On return of the supply the contactor will close automatically causing the motor restart without warning. Consideration must be given as to whether this situation is acceptable, which it may be in many applications. This method of control is used in contactor controlled lighting circuits where it would be a great inconvenience have to reset the lights after every loss of supply. (Fig. 59) For more information on motor control see Section 2, page 62
MCB L
Fig. 58
MCB L1 Main L2 L3
Contactor Motor
MCB L Control N
Switch
Contactor Coil
Fig. 59
Technical appendix
Sec3
3
Three wire control.
This control arrangement has three wires to the remote control station. The control is by two pushbuttons, one for starting and one for stopping the motor. The advantage of this arrangement is that there can be any number of Start pushbuttons and any number of Stop pushbuttons in the circuit, any one of which will control the motor. Stop pushbuttons are very often stay-put types; the operation of any one will prevent the motor being started until the button is reset. A stop signal will always override a start signal thus preventing a dangerous situation. The contact wired in parallel with the start pushbuttons acts as holding contact so that the contactor stays energised when the Start pushbutton is released. This contactor auxiliary may be the second main pole, for a single phase motor or the fourth main pole of the contactor for a three phase motor.
Control and Command - motor control

Main
On loss of supply the contactor drops out and does not automatically reclose on supply restoration. This arrangement is essential when automatic restart of the motor could give rise to danger.
L
MCB
Contactor Motor
Control
START PB'S Control Device
Contactor Coil
The control device, installed if required, may be an over temperature switch, vane switch or any other safety device to cut off the supply if an unsafe situation occurs. (Fig. 60)
STOP PUSH BUTTONS C HOLD CONTACT N
Fig. 60
10
Sec3
Technical appendix
Control and Command - metering

The introduction of the Climate Levy has increased the unit cost of electricity by 0.43 pence. The incentive is to review electricity consumption and to reduce it as much as possible. Are lights left on unnecessarily? Why are heaters left on all day and used only for one hour? There are many situations where electricity consumption can be reduced if only people thought about it. The introduction of metering does not, of itself, reduce electrical consumption but it does allow a measure of usage so that positive actions can be taken to save costs. For ease of ordering and installation the metering requirement needs to be met by an off the shelf solution which is easy and quick to install without the need for special tools or skills. To measure energy consumed it is necessary to have a voltage sensing circuit and a current sensing circuit. Voltage sensing is achieved from a three phase outgoing circuit on the main distribution board. To prevent the metering being switched off this circuit should be locked on by a padlocking device. Current sensing is via three current transformers, suitably rated for the maximum current taken by the board, normally the boards rated current. These two inputs are fed to the multi function meter which provides the readings shown on the display. Designed to fit any three phase LoadCentre KQ board used on a three phase four wire system. One kit for all incoming 400V 50/60Hz supplies up to 250A. The kit contains a multi function meter which displays the following readings:

3
L1 L2 L3 N
METERING CIRCUIT
Voltage of each phase Current in each phase Kilowatts taken by each phase and the total Total kilowatt-hours absorbed by the loads Total kVArh absorbed by the loads Power factor of each phase
Voltage Sensing Circuit MCB
Multi Function Meter
Main Incoming Device
In addition there is a pulse output, 1 pulse per kWh for use with a BMS system Pulse output contact rated 27V ac or dc, 20mA.
L
Current Sensing Current
Auxiliary Supply
Incoming Supply
Fig. 61
Technical appendix
Sec3
11

Description A range of contactors specially designed for distribution applications such as lighting, heating, small motor control Ratings 25 - 1000 amps Specifications Comply with BSEN61095, IEC1095 suitable for use on 415V 50Hz 3 phase 3 or 4 wire systems
Tropicalisation Suitable for 95% relative humidity at 55C Temperature range Suitable for use in temperatures from -5C to +50C. Half module spacers CPS9 should be used between every two contactors. Suitable for 60C ambient if spacers are fitted either side of each contactor
Indication Indicator on front face of contactor: red when coil energised, white when de-energised Main contacts Normally open. Nominal ratings are at 40C Main terminals Tunnel type, capacities given in table below Control circuit 230/240V 15% +6% 50Hz
Control terminals Tunnel type, capacity: rigid cable 2x2.5mm2, flexible 2x1.5mm2 Operating time Closing: 10 25 mS, Opening: 10 30 mS Noise level <20dB Mounting On symmetrical DIN rail in LoadCentre KQ boards, Qwikline II units or individual enclosures
Reference Rating No of poles Voltage rating Maximum making current Main terminals cable capacity Standard stranding Flexible stranding Coil consumption Pick-up VA Hold VA Hold W Dimensions Width mm (modules) Height mm Depth mm Table 78
CCN225 25A 2 250V 68A 6mm2 2x2.5mm2 15 3.8 1.3 18 (1) 81 65
CCN240 40A 2 250V 120A 25mm2 2x10mm2 34 4.6 1.6 36 (2) 81 65
CCN340 40A 3 415V 120A 25mm2 2x10mm2 53 6.5 2.1 54 (3) 81 65
CCN363 63A 3 415V 200A 25mm2 2x10mm2 53 6.5 2.1 54 (3) 81 65
CCN425 25A 4 415V 68A 6mm2 2x2.5mm2 34 4.6 1.6 36 (2) 81 65
CCN440 40A 4 415V 120A 25mm2 2x10mm2 53 6.5 2.1 54 (3) 81 65
CCN4100 100A 4 415V 200A 50mm2 2x35mm2 106 13 4.2 108 (6) 81 65
12
Sec3
Technical appendix

Wiring information.
3
1 3 5 7
Installation recommendations
Contactor 2 pole
(L) Live 1 A1 3 A1 1 3
Contactor 4 pole
A1 1 A1 3 5 7
Contactor and relay controls must be bounce free When several contactors are mounted side by side a half module spacer must be fitted between every two contactors It is advisable to mount electronic units at the bottom of modular enclosures and to separate them from electro mechanical devices by a space equal to one module or by two CPS9 half module spacers For applications where the temperature inside the enclosure is likely to exceed 40C refer to: Square D - Technical Department 0870 608 8 608
A2 2 4 A2 2 4
A2 2 4 6 8 2 A2 4 6 8
(N) Neutral
Fig. 62
Fig. 64
Contactor 3 pole
A1 1 A1 3 5 1 3 5
A2 2 4 6 2 A2 4 6
Fig. 63
Technical appendix
Sec3
13
3
Contactor No. of switching operations per day 25 50 75 100 250 500

Heating may be controlled, at one extreme, by a time switch, giving a small number of switching operations per day or, at the other extreme by a close tolerance thermostat when the number of daily switchings may be very high. Before selecting a contactor it is necessary to estimate the likely number of switching operations in an average day. Single phase (230V) heater loads with contactors
CCN225 5.4 5.4 4.6 4.0 2.5 1.7 kW CCN240 8.6 8.6 7.4 6.0 3.8 2.7 CCN363 Using 1 or 2 poles 14.0 14.0 12.0 9.5 6.0 4.5
Three phase (400V) heater loads with contactors

Contactor No. of switching operations per day 25 50 75 100 250 500 Table 79 CCN425 16 16 14 11 5 4 kW CCN340 CCN440 26 26 22 17 8 6 CCN363 41 41 35 26 13 9
14
Sec3
Technical appendix

Lighting loads with contactors.
Contactors type CCN Determination of contactor rating - lighting loads. Based on 230/240V AC rated fittings.
Electronic control flourescent lamps

Wattage & Lamp number W / no 14/18 14 x2 14 x3 18 x2 21/24 21/24 x2 28 28 x2 35/36/39 36 x2 38/39 x2 40/42 42 x2 49/50 49/50 x2 54/55 54/55 x2 60 70 80 90 Circuit Current A 0.09 0.15 0.23 0.18 0.12 0.24 0.16 0.28 0.19 0.34 0.38 0.21 0.41 0.24 0.48 0.27 0.54 0.30 0.38 0.41 0.45 Contactor Rating 25 40 63 A A A Lamp Unit Number per phase 144 231 364 87 139 218 57 90 142 72 116 182 108 173 273 54 87 137 81 130 205 46 74 117 68 109 172 38 61 96 34 55 86 62 99 156 32 51 80 54 87 137 27 43 68 48 77 121 24 39 61 43 69 109 34 55 86 32 51 80 29 46 73
Incandescent and halogen lamps

Wattage & Lamp number W / no 60 75 100 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 Circuit Current A 0.26 0.33 0.43 0.65 0.87 1.30 2.17 3.26 4.35 6.52 8.70 Contactor Rating 25 40 63 A A A Lamp Unit Number per phase 50 80 126 40 64 100 30 48 75 20 32 50 15 24 38 10 16 25 6 10 15 4 6 10 3 5 8 2 3 5 1 2 4
2 Pole contactor used on a single phase two wire system 3 & 4 Pole contactor used on a three phase four wire system
High pressure sodium lamps

(SON-SONT-SONC with PF correction)
Table 80
Wattage & Lamp number W / no 50 70 100 150 250 400 1000 Electronic 35 50 100
Circuit Current A 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.85 1.4 2.2 5.4 0.20 0.35 0.55
Contactor Rating 25 40 63 A A A Lamp Unit Number per phase 43 69 109 29 46 73 22 35 55 15 24 39 9 15 23 6 9 15 2 4 6 65 37 24 104 59 38 164 94 60
Technical appendix
Sec3
15
3
Wattage Circuit & Lamp Current number W / no A MH 35 0.24 70 0.45 150 0.85 250 1.40 MHN 1000 5.4 1800 8.6 MHC Electronic 35 0.23 50 0.40 150 0.75 HPI 250 1.35 400 2.15 1000 5.3 2000 9.9

Lighting loads with contactors. High pressure metal halide
(MHI, MHN, MHC, HPI with PF correction)
Low pressure sodium lamps

(SOX-SOXE with PF correction)
Contactor Rating 25 40 63 A A A Lamp Unit Number per phase 54 29 15 9 2 2 57 33 17 10 6 2 1 87 46 24 15 4 2 90 52 28 15 10 4 2 137 73 39 23 6 4 142 82 44 24 15 6 3
Wattage & Lamp number W / no 18 26 35/36 55 91 131 135 180 Electronic 36 55 66 91
Circuit Current A 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.35 0.49 0.66 0.73 1.0 0.16 0.23 0.28 0.50
Contactor Rating 25 40 63 A A A Lamp Unit Number per phase 93 149 234 81 130 205 59 95 149 37 59 94 27 42 67 20 32 50 18 28 45 13 21 33 81 57 46 26 130 90 74 42 205 142 117 66
High pressure mercury vapour lamps

(HPL with PF correction)
Wattage & Lamp number W / no 50 80 125 250 400 1000 Table 81
Circuit Current A 0.30 0.45 0.67 1.35 2.15 5.30
Contactor Rating 25 40 63 A A A Lamp Unit Number per phase 43 69 109 29 46 73 19 31 49 10 15 24 6 10 15 2 4 6
16
Sec3
Technical appendix
Operational information - impulse relays

Lighting load impulse relays.
Impulse relay type CIR 16A Determination of relay rating lighting loads. Incandescent and halogen lamps. AC1 rating 16A. Contactor rating for lamp loads 8A.
Incandescent and halogen lamps

Lamp wattage W 20 40 60 75 100 150 200 300 500 750 1000 Lamp current A 0.86 0.17 0.26 0.33 0.45 0.66 0.88 1.32 2.20 3.30 4.40 1 pole @ 230V ac lamp number (max) 89 44 30 24 18 12 9 6 4 2 2
Fluorescent lamps
Lamp wattage W 18 36 42 58 70 Lamp current A 0.08 0.19 0.21 0.26 0.30 1 pole @ 230V ac lamp number (max) 100 42 38 31 27
Low pressure sodium lamps (SOX)

Lamp wattage W 35 55 90 135 180 Table 82 Lamp current A 0.22 0.35 0.49 0.73 1.00 1 pole @ 230V ac lamp number (max) 35 23 16 11 8
Technical appendix
Sec3
17
3
Lamp wattage W 150 250 400 700 1000
Operational information - impulse relays

Lighting load impulse relays.
High pressure sodium lamps (SON-SONT)

Lamp current A 0.85 1.90 2.20 3.85 5.70 1 pole @ 230V ac lamp number (max) 9 6 4 2 1
High pressure mercury vapour lamps (HPL/MBF)

Lamp wattage W 50 80 125 250 400 700 1000 Table 83 Lamp current A 0.30 0.45 0.67 1.30 2.30 3.85 5.50 1 pole @ 230V ac lamp number (max) 27 18 12 6 3 2 1
18
Sec3
Technical appendix
Related documentation
Section 4
Supply 20 meters 7 meters
The final section covers tabulated information which falls outside the area of the circuit breakers.
Supply
introduction
Contents
Fuse link selection data Electrical formulae Listing of tables used in sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 Listing of figures used in sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
section 4
Sec4
4
Twinbreak
Ratings 20A 32A 63A 100A Table 84
Replacement fuse links

BS88 reference A1 44.5mm A2 73mm A3 73mm A4 93.7mm Bussman* reference NITD20 AA032 BAO63 CEO100 GEC reference NIT20 TIA32 TIS63 TCP100
Quadbreak
Ratings 63A 100A 160A 200A 250A 315A 400A 500A 630A Table 85 BS88 reference B1 111mm B2 111mm B2 111mm B3/4 111mm C1 133mm C1 133mm C2 133mm C2 133mm Bussman* reference BC63 CD100 DD160 DD200 ED250 EFS315 EF400 FF500 FF630 GEC reference TBC63 TC100 TF160 TF200 TKF250 TKM315 TM400 TTM500 TTM630
* To conform with ASTA certification Bussman fuses should be used.
Sec4
Fuse link selection data

Suitable BS88 HRC fuse links for Plug-On units
Fuse switch reference FP32 BS88 reference A2 Fuse link fixing hole centre 73mm Rating A 2 4 6 10 16 20 25 32 35 40 50 63 32 40 50 63 80 100 Bussman reference AA02 AA04 AA06 AA010 AA016 AA020 AA025 AA032 BA040 BA050 BA063 CE032 CE040 CE050 CE063 CE080 CE0100 GEC reference TIA2 TIA4 TIA6 TIA10 TIA16 TIA20 TIA25 TIA32 TIS35 TIS40 TIS50 TIS63 BILL reference BTIA2 BTIA4 BTIA6 BTIA10 BTIA16 BTIA20 BTIA25 BTIA32 BTIS40 BTIS50 BTIS63 Brush reference 2H07 4H07 6H07 10H07 16H07 20H07 25H07 32H07 40K07 50K07 63K07 Lawson reference GTIA2 GTIA4 GTIA6 GTIA10 GTIA16 GTIA20 GTIA25 GTIA32 TIS40 TIS50 TIS63 TCP32 TCP40 TCP50 TCP63
FP63
A3
73mm
FP100
A4
94mm
TCP80 TCP100
Table 86
Sec4
4
Fuse switch reference BS88 reference None
Fuse link selection data

Suitable BS88 HRC fuse links for Plug-On units
Fuse link fixing hole centre 111mm Rating A 2 4 6 10 16 20 25 32 35 40 50 63 80 100 100MI25 100M160 125 160 200 200M250 250 315 315M355 355 400 Bussman reference AD2 AD4 AD6 AD10 AD16 AD20 AD25 AD32 BC40 BC50 BC63 CD80 CD100 GEC reference TBC2 TBC4 TBC6 TBC10 TBC16 TBC20 TBC25 TBC32 TBC35 TBC40 TBC50 TBC63 TC80 TC100 TC100M125 TC100M160 TF125 TF160 TF200 TF200M250 TKF250 TFK315 TKF315M350 TMF355 TMF400 BILL reference BTBC2 BTBC4 BTBC6 BTBC10 BTBC16 BTBC20 BTBC25 BTBC32 BTBC40 BTBC50 BTBC63 BTBC80 BTBC100 BTBC100M160 BTF125 BTF160 BTF200 BTF200M250 BTKF250 315BTKF315 BTMF355 BTMF400 Brush reference 2K09 4K09 6K09 10K09 16K09 20K09 25K09 32K09 40K09 50K09 63K09 80L09 100L09 1100M160L09 125M09 160M09 200M09 200M250M09 250N09 315N09 355P09 400P09 Lawson reference TBC2 TBC4 TBC6 TBC10 TBC16 TBC20 TBC25 TBC32 TBC40 TBC50 TBC63 TC80 TC100
FP400
FP250
FP160
B1
111mm
B2 B2 B3 B3 B4
111mm 111mm 111mm 111mm 111mm
DD125 DD160 DD200 ED250 ED315 ED355 ED400
TF125 TF160 TF200 TKF250 TKF315 TMF355 TMF400
Table 87
Sec4
Discrimination rating table with fuse links

The table displays the value of current (kA) up to which the Upstream protective device (1) will discriminate with the Downstream device (2) F = Full discriminate with the Downstream device
Rating SQO 6kA DOM (3 to 50A) 6kA D o w n s t r e a m (2) type B 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 3 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 16 0.5 0.15 20 0.95 0.25 0.2 25 1 0.4 0.3 32 5 0.7 0.5 0.45 MAIN UPSTREAM (1) BS 88 Fuse Link 35 40 50 63 80 A Discrimination Level ( kA ) F F F F F 1 1.5 3.5 F F 0.9 1 1.5 3 5 0.8 0.95 1.4 2.4 3.5 0.7 0.8 1.2 2.3 3.2 0.8 1.2 2.3 2.8 1 1.5 2.2 1 1.7 1.4 1 3.5 F F F F 1 1.5 3.5 F F 0.9 1 1.5 3 5 0.8 0.95 1.4 2.4 3.5 0.8 1.2 2.4 3.2 1.2 2.3 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.4 100 F F F 4.5 4 3.5 2.8 2.2 1.6 1.4 F F 6.5 4.5 4 3.5 2.8 2.2 1.6 125 160 200
KQ QO 10kA type C
0.5 0.25
0.95 0.3
1 0.4 0.3
5 0.7 0.5
F F F 7.5 6.5 5.5 4.7 3.5 3 2.3
F F F F F F F F F 8
F F F F F F F F F F
Rating CD-E 25kA 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250
25 0.4
32 0.5
40 0.7 0.7
50 0.9 0.9 0.9
D o w n s t r e a m (2)
MAIN UPSTREAM (1) BS 88 Fuse Link 63 80 100 125 160 A Discrimination Level ( kA ) 1 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.5 1 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.5 1 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.5 1 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.5 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5
200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
250 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
315 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
355 F F F F F F F F F
400 F F F F F F F F F F F
450 F F F F F F F F F F F F F
CN-E 36kA
Table 88
Sec4
4
Combined short circuit rating table of downstream circuit breaker
*Short Circuit capacity is represented in kA on a 400/230Vac 50Hz system
Cascading
Cascading is recognised and permitted by the IEE Wiring Regulation BS7671:1992 The characteristics of each device for overload current protection and fault current protection shall be coordinated, so that the energy let through by the fault current protective device, does not exceed that which can be withstood without damage by the overload current protective device. The combined effective rating of the downstream circuit breaker is indicated in (kA) and in bold.
Device D O W N S T R E A M Rating (A) *Rating (kA) 6 6 10,15 25 25 36 36 50 80 63 63 63 63 80 63 63 63 50 70 70
MAIN UPSTREAM (1) BS 88 Fuse Link BS88 Fuse 80 100 125 160 200 250 80 63 63 63 50 70 70 80 63 63 63 50 70 70 80 80 80 80
355 80
400 80
630 80
710 80
DOM SQO KQ SFA CD-E CN-E SLA
3 to 50 3 to 63 3 to 63 16 to 100 16 to 100 16 to 250 250 to 400
63 50 70 70
50 50 70 70
50 50 70 70
50 70 70
50 70 70 50
50 50 50 50 50
50
Table 89
Sec4
Electrical formulae
For finding current, horsepower, kilowatts and kVA.
4
Direct current (I x V) 1000 (I x V x %Eff.) 746 (H.P. x 746) (V x %Eff.) (kW x 1000) V
Desired quantity Kilowatt KVA Horsepower Output Amperes when Horsepower is known Amperes when Kilowatts is known Amperes when KVA is known Table 90
Single phase (I x V x cos ) 1000 (I x V) 1000 (I x V x %Eff. x cos ) 746 (H.P. x 746) (V x %Eff. x cos ) (kW x 1000) (V x cos ) (kVA x 1000) V I = Amperes %Eff. = Per Cent Efficiency cos q = Power Factor H.P. = Horsepower V = Volts
Alternative current three phase (I x V x 1.73 x cos ) 1000 (I x V x 1.73) 1000 (I x V x 1.73 x %Eff. x cos ) 746 (H.P. x 746) (1.73 x V x %Eff. x cos ) (kW x 1000) (1.73 x V x cos ) (kVA x 1000) (1.73 x V)
Sec4
4
Description
Contents of tables
Section
1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 2
Page
32 36 66 36 6 27 12 12 12 33 41 42 43 5 22 28 29 7 25 17 16 4 38 38 6 14 14 41 39 39 44 45 46 40 61 62 62 37 49 15 16 17 18 9 6 38
Table
13 18 71 19 89 32 9 10 78 14 50 51 52 88 29 33 34 90 31 28 27 87 21 45 1 26 79 50 47 48 53 54 55 49 67 69 68 20 57 80 81 82 83 24 2 46
Analogue time switch performance Audible alarms performance figures Average full load current of 1 phase and 3 phase motors Bell transformer performance figures Cascading Cascading tables Square D moulded case and miniature circuit breakers Circuit breaker application data - instantaneous trip type B Circuit breaker application data - instantaneous trip type C Control and command contractors summary of performance Digital time switch performance figures Disconnection times for LoadCentre KQ industrial B/C curve MCBs Disconnection times for LoadCentre KQ industrial D curve MCBs Disconnection times for LoadCentre KQ industrial RCBO Discrimination rating table with fuse links Discrimination tables Square D moulded case and miniature circuit breakers Earth loop impedance values MCCB CD-CN-SFA Earth loop impedance values MCCB CH-SL-SM-SN Electrical formulae current/horsepower/kilowatts/kVA Energy let through and minimum cables sizes for Square D devices Fault level reduction based on cable size and cable length aluminium Fault level reduction based on cable size and cable length copper Fuse link selection data for I-line Plug-On units General control relay performance figures Generic instantaneous tripping for industrial B/C/D curve MCBs Generic instantaneous tripping for residential B/C/D curve MCBs Generic table of transformer output for a given kVA rating Heater loading of Square D CCN contactors Industrial LoadCentre KQ MCB disconnection times B/C curve MCBs Industrial LoadCentre KQ MCB earth fault loop impedance values B/C curve MCBs Industrial LoadCentre KQ MCB earth fault loop impedance values D curve MCBs + 80/100A Industrial LoadCentre KQ MCB short circuit levels B and C curve Industrial LoadCentre KQ MCB short circuit levels D curve Industrial LoadCentre KQ RCBO short circuit levels Industrial RCBO earth loop impedance values Industrial surge protection overvoltage risk assessment Industrial surge protection selection Industrial surge protection site criteria Light sensitive switch performance figures Lighting levels required for general installations Lighting loads with Square D CCN contactors electronic/incandescent/halogen Lighting loads with Square D CCN contactors HPL-SOX-SOXE-SON Lighting loads with Square D CIR impulse relays incandescent/fluorescent/SOX Lighting loads with Square D CIR impulse relays SON-SONT-HPL-MBF Main data and abbreviations for BS EN 60947-1 Maximum earth fault impedance values for B/C/D curve MCBs Maximum earth fault impedance values for industrial B/C/D curve MCBs
Sec4
Contents of tables
Description
MCCB technical data summary MCCB time current data 1P/2P 25kA MCCB time current data 3P 25kA Motor switching rated duty for switches Passive infrared detector performance figures Presence detectors performance figures Protection of lamp circuits - compact flourescent lamps Protection of lamp circuits - PL ET Professional Proctection of lamp circuits - SL comfort, prismatic, professional Re-rating MCB type LoadCentre KQ for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types CD-CN-CH for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types DHLE for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types SFAL-SFHL for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types SLAL for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types SMAL-SMHL for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types SNAL for ambient temperature Re-rating MCCB types SPAF-SPHF for ambient temperature Replacement fuse links for I-line Plug-On units Replacement fuse links used in Square D Quadbreak Replacement fuse links used in Square D Twinbreak Residential RCBO disconnection times B curve Residential RCBO earth fault impedance values B curve Residential RCBO short circuit levels B curve Residential SQO MCB disconnection times B/C curve MCBs Residential SQO MCB earth fault loop impedance values B/C curve MCBs Residential SQO MCB short circuit levels Residential surge protection applications Residual current device operating times Room thermostat performance figures Selection of LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB C curve for protection of high pressure M/H lamps Selection of LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB C curve for protection of high pressure HPL lamps Selection of LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB C curve for protection of low pressure SO lamps Selection of LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB D curve for protection of high pressure M/H lamps Selection of LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB D curve for protection of high pressure HPL lamps Selection of LoadCentre KQ industrial MCB D curve for protection of low pressure SO lamps Single phase LoadCentre KQ circuit breaker ratings for infrequent starting Summary of performance data for distribution devices Table for lamps - type C & D trip MCB Technical summary - enclosed switch disconnectors Technical summary - I-Line fusegear Technical summary - Quadbreak fusegear Technical summary - Twinbreak fusegear Three phase LoadCentre KQ circuit breaker ratings for infrequent starting Time current data for circuit breakers Time delay off relay performance figures Time delay on relay performance figures
4
Page
34 30 31 65 35 34 58 59 59 47 35 35 36 36 37 37 37 3 2 2 11 11 11 9 8 10 20 24 35 53 54 52 56 57 55 68 12 27 69 70 70 69 67 31 38 39
Section
2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
Table
37 35 36 70 16 15 64 65 66 56 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 86 85 84 7 6 8 4 3 5 11 30 17 59 60 58 62 63 61 73 25 12 74 77 76 75 72 36 22 23
Sec4
4
Description
240v-8v bell circuit British Standard listings Building management system control of contactors Cascading - example of three level cascading Cascading back up protection series rating generic curves Circuit diagram for split load consumer unit Contactor controlled by light sensitive and time switch large schemes Control of contactor via BMS Control of contactors for lighting with timers and light sensitive units Cross section of MCB showing protection elements Current discrimination generic graph Delayed off switching for lighting Discrimination generic overlay curves Effects of current on the human body Electromechanical RCCB operation Electronic RCBO operation Example of fault level determination and reduction using cables General structure of a low voltage distribution system Industrial surge protection installation rules Lighting - types of lamps Lighting circuit and breaker protection Lighting circuits - layout Lighting systems - types Limiting/non-limiting let through energy graph Manual control of heating Manual control of lighting Metering on a 3 phase circuit for commercial applications Motor protection devices Multi location switching of contactors Multi location switching with impulse relays Multi step control of lighting Operation of a generic residual current device Overload and short circuit protection graph Parallel connected transformers selection of circuit breakers Principle of discrimination Residual current devices horizontal discrimination Residual current protection operating times Residual current protection vertical discrimination scheme Run on timer with lighting and fan Run on timers for fans Simple lighting control with contactor for large lighting schemes Simple switch control of a small motor Surge protection installation rules Switching of lighting using contactors Three wire control of a small motor Time control of lighting
Contents of figures
Section
1 2 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 1
Page
31 8 29 26 11 5 3 8 24 7 19 26 11 13 16 16 15 4 63 51 51 50 50 20 29 22 11 65 4 4 5 15 19 14 18 24 24 23 6 25 3 9 21 24 10 22
Figure
24 26 22 41 28 1 49 57 15 3 34 18 29 4 6 7 32 25 46 45 44 42 43 37 19 11 61 47 50 51 52 5 36 31 33 40 39 38 54 17 48 58 10 14 60 12
10
Sec4
Contents of figures
Description
Time current settings for power circuit breakers to BS EN 60947-2 Time discrimination generic graph Time switch control of heating Time switch control of heating with override Time switching control of lighting Time switching of heating with contactors Time/current characteristics tripping curves for MCBs Timed control of heating Timed lighting in stairwells Timed switching of stairwell lighting Timer switch circuit for immersion heater Two wire control of a small motor Types of earthing systems used in commercial and industrial applications Use of RCBOs as outgoers in a single phase board Use of RCCB as an incoming device to a consumer unit Wiring diagram 2 pole contactor Wiring diagram 3 pole contactor Wiring diagram 4 pole contactor
4
Figure
27 35 55 56 13 21 2 20 16 53 23 59 30 9 8 62 63 64
Section
2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 3 3
Page
10 19 8 8 22 29 7 29 25 6 30 9 13 18 17 13 13 13
Sec4
11
Nationwide support on one number - call the Customer Information Centre on
0870 608 8 608

Fax 0870 608 8 606
Schneider Electrics local support
Schneider Electric is committed to supporting its customers at every stage of a project. Our 180 sales engineers, the largest dedicated sales force in the UK electrical industry, operate from 4 customer support centres. Our sales engineers are skilled at assessing individual requirements and combined with the expert support of our product specialists, will develop the most effective and economical answer taking relevant regulations and standards fully into account. To access the expertise of the Schneider Electric group, please call 0870 608 8 608. Each customer support centre includes facilities for demonstrations and training, and presentation rooms fully equipped with audio visual and video, providing excellent meeting facilities. Merlin Gerin is a world leader in the manufacture and supply of high, medium and low voltage products for the distribution, protection, control and management of electrical systems and is focused on the needs of both the commercial and industrial sectors. The newly launched VDI Network Solutions offer provides flexible, configurable ethernet systems for all communication needs. Square D is a total quality organisation and its business is to put electricity to work productively and effectively, protecting people, buildings and equipment. Its low voltage electrical distribution equipment, systems and services are used extensively in residential and commercial applications. Telemecanique is a UK market leader and world expert in automation and control. It provides complete solutions, with it's range of components, Modicon range of high technology programmable controllers (PLCs), multiple fieldbus and ethernet communication networks, HMI, motion control systems, variable speed drives and communications software. In addition, it offers power distribution through prefabricated busbar trunking.
Local customer support centres

Scotland Schneider Electric Ltd Unit 11000 Academy Business Park Gower Street Glasgow G51 1PR South West Schneider Electric Ltd PO Box 41 Langley Road Chippenham Wiltshire SN15 1JJ North West Schneider Electric Ltd Market House Church Street Wilmslow Cheshire SK9 1AY
Product showrooms
Industrial systems and solutions showroom Schneider Electric Ltd, University of Warwick Science Park, Sir William Lyons Road, Coventry CV4 7EZ Building systems and solutions showroom Schneider Electric Ltd, Stafford Park 5, Telford, Shropshire TF3 3BL Energy and Infrastructure systems and solutions showroom Schneider Electric Ltd, 123 Jack Lane, Hunslet, Leeds LS10 1BS
member of .co.uk
SQD 5727
www.schneider.co.uk
AUG 2005

SQ D-Elect Aapp&#39;n Guide

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SQ D-Elect Aapp&#39;n Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrical application guide

Square D application guide general introduction

use the guide

to use the guide

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Simple distribution for a single dwelling

Exceeding expectations for quality and performance

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Designs of consumer units

RCCB - Residual Current Circuit Breaker. Page 17 Section 1

- Residual Current Device. Page 16 Section 1

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Protection design and use

Miniature circuit breaker (MCBs)

Residual current circuit breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBOs)

Residual current circuit breaker (RCCBs)

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Protection design and use

Additional control products may be fitted as required

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

MCB tripping curves

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

MCBs - definition of curves (BS EN 60898)

1. Thermal: Overload 2. Magnetic: Short circuit (Im)

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

SQO residential MCB performance figures

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

SQO residential MCB performance figures

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

SQO residential MCB performance figures

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

SQOR residential RCBO performance figures

Short circuit levels. Type B RCBOs

Disconnection times. Type B RCBOs

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Square D circuit breaker application data

14.4 13.2 24 38 48 77 108 120 22 35 44 70 99 110

13.5 13.2 21.6 21.1 27 43 61 68 26.4 42 59 66

Circuit breaker instantaneous trip type C ( In )

Disconnection Current ( A ) 25 42 67 21 35 56 16.5 28 44 14.4 13.2 24 38 22 35

13.5 13.2 21.6 21.1

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Earth leakage - the risks and their consequences

The physiological reaction

Apart from load destruction, there is a risk of electrocution and fire.

300mA 75mA 30mA 10mA 0.5mA Fig. 4

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

How to protect people and equipment from earth leakage

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

How does earth leakage protection work

Leakage current risks

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

An electromechanical trip or an electronic trip

1. The residual current device with electromechanical relay (Fig. 6)

2. The residual current device with electronic relay (Fig. 7)

Tripping Outgoing current SN

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

Residual current circuit breakers - RCCB

RCCB fitted externally or replacing incomer

The residual current circuit breakers meet current standards:

Consumer unit incomer

Residential solutions for single phase distribution

SQ D-Elect Aapp'n Guide

SQ D-Elect Aapp'n Guide