ENGLEZ

The Alphabet:
A=Ei B=Bi C=Si D=Di E=I F=Ef G=Gi H=Eigi I=Ai J=Gei K=Chei L=El M=Em N=En O=u P=Pi Q=Chiu R=Ar S=Es T=Ti U=Iu V=Vi W=Dabl iu X=Ex Y=Uai Z=Zed

Question words and direct question

There are three main types of questions: 1. YES/NO questions (the expected answer is YES/NO) Are you roumain? Yes. I am. 2. WH-questions (Who?; Whose?; Where?; Why?; What?; Witch?; When?; How?) What did you say? Whose bag is that? When does the film start? 3. Alternative questions (the expected answer is one of two options) Do you want phone him now or later? Wich do you prefer, the theatre or the cinema?

YES/NO questions
Form: With be have (got) and modal verbs like: may, can, could, would, should, we form the questions by changing the order of the subject and the verbs. Hes got a new computer. Ex.: Are you going out now? Should I go to the dentist? Did she see you? With order verbs we use: DO/DOES/DID + subject + infinitive Ex.: Did you like coffee? Does he live in Greece? Did they go to the party? Has he got a new computer?

Wh-questions
Form: Wh + question word + auxiliary + subject + main verb Ex.: Where are they going? What did you do? Why was she there? Questions about the subject

We dont use the auxiliary and we dont change the order of the subject and verbs. The word order is the same as it is for statements. Contrast Who saw the film last night? (question about the subject) What makes you frightened? (question about the subject) WITH Who did he go to the party with? (question about the object) What do you have for breakfast? (question about the subject) 3

Alternative questions
There are two types of alternative questions. In one types the order is like a YES/NO-question and in order is like a WH-question. Ex.: Would you like pasta or pizza? Where shall we go on holiday, to Spain or Greece?

Indirect questions
Use: Indirect questions are more polite than direct questions. Direct: How old are you? (neutral) Indirect: Could you tell me how old are you? (more polite) Form: For all questions, we dont use the auxiliary and we dont change the order of

the subject and verb. The word order is the same as it is for statements. For indirect YES/NO-questions we use if or wether. Two commons ways of starting indirect questions are:

Could you tell me (if / wethere) Id like to know (if / wethere) Could you tell me how old you are? How old are you? Id like to know where you are from. Where are you from?

Present Simple
TO BE I am You are He/She/It is We are You are They are Form: AFIRMATIVE: S + V (inf. a III-a sg) + s, -es Ex.: kiss he kisses Finish she finishes a. verbele terminate n VOCAL +Y vor primi doar S la persoana a III-a singular. b. Verbele terminate n CONSOAN + Y singular. NEGATIVE: S + DONT + V DOESNT (a III-a sg) La forma negativ i interogativ verbul nu primete S sau ES la persoana a III-a singular. TO BE => S+ am not / is not / are not INTEROGATIVE: DO/DOES + S + V (a III-a sg) TO BE => TO BE + S We use the Present Simple: 1. With routine or regular repeated actions (often with adverbs of frequency) Ex.: I play football every Sunday afternoon. He doesnt eat meat. They sometimes work late on Friday. vor primi ies la persoana a III-a TO HAVE I have You have He/She/It has We have You have They have

2. When we are talking about permanent situations Ex.: He lives in a small town by the sea. Do you come from Brazil? 3. With state verbs witch are not normally used in continuous form: be, have, depend, know, think, understand, disagree, like, want, hear, love, see, smell, taste. Ex.: Im very thirsty. I want a drink. I dont understand. 4. In a spoken instructions, system and processes Ex.: You go straight on and take the first turning on the left. First, you turn it on, than you put the disk in.

Present Tense Simple

Use: 1. pentru a exprima o aciune obinuit repetat Adverbs: often, frequently, once a week, every day, sometimes, occasionally, almost, rarely, usually. Ex.: She often goes shopping. He is sometimes very sad. They hardly ever dance. 2. aciuni permanente Adverbs: always, never. Ex.: She always goes to work by car. You never drink tea. Water freezes at 00 C. 3. n instruciuni sau demonstraii care trebuie urmate pas cu pas Ex.: First, you boil the potatoes, than you fry the onion. 4. verbe care nu se folosesc cu form continu (la timpuri continue) know I know him very well. Excepii: THINK: I think you are a good friend. (a crede) Im thinking about him. (a se gndi la) HAVE: I have a house. (fr form continu) Im having a shower/bath. Im having dinner. Im having fun. SMELL: Im smelling the flowers. The flowers smell nice.

TASTE: Im tasting the soup. The soup taste good.

Past Tense Simple

Form: AFIRMATIVE: S + V (-ed, a III-a) Ex.: I washed my coat yesterday. He lay in bed with fever all last week. TO BE => S + WAS (I, III, sg. Were/been) The students were in class the day before yesterday. Neg.: I wasnt at school yesterday. NEGATIVE: S + DIDNT + V (I) Ex.: I didnt wash my coat yesterday. He didnt lie in bed with fever all last week. TO BE => S + WASNT / WERENT The students wasnt in class the day before yesterday. INTEROGATIVE: DID + S +V (I) Ex.: Did I wash my coat yesterday? Did he lie in bed with fever? TO BE => WAS / WERE + S Were you at home two hours ago?

Present Continuous
Form: AFIRMATIVE: S + TO BE (am / is / are) + V ing Ex.: Im reading an interesting book right now. Hes seeing the dentist tomorrow at 10. Im playing tennis now. NEGATIVE: S + TO BE NOT (Im not / isnt / arent) +V ing Ex.: They arent listening music at the morning. You arent listening to the teacher. INTEROGATIVE: TO BE + S + V-ing Ex.: Is he going to home today? Is she going to this party? Present Tense Continuous se folosete pentru a exprima: 1. o aciune n desfurare n momentul vorbirii: Im reading an interesting book now. 2. o aciune permanent: Im living in Flticeni for only two weeks. 3. un aranjament personal pentru viitor: Next Sunday Im watching TV all day long.

Past Tense Continuous

corespunde timpului imperfect din limba romn

AFIRMATIVE: S + WAS / WERE + V-ing NEGATIVE: S + WASNT / WERENT + V-ing INTEROGATIVE: WAS / WERE + S + V-ing Ex.: I was sleeping yesterday at 5 oclock. I wasnt sleeping yesterday at 5 oclock. Was I sleep yesterday at 5 oclock? Past Tense Continuous se folosete pentru a exprima: 1. o aciune n desfurare ntr-un moment din trecut At five p.m. yesterday, I was listening to the teacher. 2. dou sau mai multe aciuni simultane, n desfurare ntr-un moment din trecut While you were sleeping, I was studying. 3. o aciune n desfurare ntrerupt de o aciune scurt (exprimat de Past Tense Simple) She was listening to music, when her mother entered the room. pe vremea aceasta: at this time by this time yesterday, last week, last year.

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Past Continuous
Form: WAS/ WERE + -ing We use the Past Continuous: 1. to talk about actions in progress in the past: I was watching a really good film on TV. 2. to talk about an event that was in progress, when another happened: They are having lunch when David arrived. 3. to talk about actions in progress at the same time in the past: While I was tidying my room, my brother was playing computer game.

Past Perfect Simple

Form: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Use: 1. to talk about a timer earlier than another past time (o actiune / un eveniment care a avut loc inaintea altei actiuni): The class had already begun, when he came at school. 2. in reported speech: She said she had booked the tickets. AFF.: S + HAD + V3 NEG.: S + HADNT + V3 INT.: HAD + S + V3 (corespunde cu mai mult ca perfectul)

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Present Simple and Present Continuous for Future

I. The film starts at 9 p.m. The class begings at 2:30. The train arrives at 10 oclock. II. Im leaving at 10 oclock. She is starting a new book. Im helping her this week-end. Present Continuous >personal arrangement Present Simple >time tables (official plans)

Present Perfect Simple Form: AFF.: S + HAVE / HAS(3sg) + V3 ed NEG.: S + HAVENT / HASNT + V3-ed INT.: HAVE / HAS + S + V3-ed
I have written two letters today.

Present Perfect Simple exprima o actiune care incepe in trecut si continua in viitor (perioada de timp include si prezentul). Adverbs: already: You have already finished your homework. yet: They havent sung yet. never: He has never read a book. ever: Have you ever seen him happy? today, this week, this month,: I have eaten many apples yhis week-end. so far / till now / until now: I havent been (gone) to France so far. lately: They havent slept at home lately. 12

for: I havent spoken to him for 2 weeks. since: I havent spoken to him since January. just: She has just left.

Present Perfect exprima si o actiune al carui moment nu este precizat: He has broken his leg. She has lost her bag. They have announced that on TV.

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