CHAPTER-IV PRIME DESIGN OF SEISMIC ACTIVITIES

GENERAL This chapter brings out in detail the seismic design aspects of a 25 storey building structure as per IS code 1893 (part 1) : 2002.

4.1 INTRODUCTION It is now well established that in all wind and earthquake prone regions. The overall design should be done on the seismic weight basis design. The location that we have selected is Tuticorin which comes under zone IV as shown in the map concerning zones of India.

Fig 4.1 Seismic Zones of India

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All the relevant codal data adopted in this design as per Zone IV seismic activities. As per section 6.1.1 page 12 of 1893 (part 1): 2002 earthquake generated vertical inertia forces are considered or included overall design. Mainly the effect of vertical components of ground motion is considered. The design approach adopted herein it ensure the structure possess at least a minimum strength to withstand a minor earthquake. 4.2 Assumptions The following assumptions shall be made in the earthquake resistant design of structures: a) Earthquake causes impulsive ground motions, which are complex and irregular in character, changing in period and amplitude each lasting for a small duration. Therefore, resonance of the type as visualized under steady-state sinusoidal excitations will not occur as it would need time to build up such amplitudes. NOTE however, there are exceptions where resonance-like conditions have been seen to occur between long distance waves and tall structures founded on deep soft soils. b) Earthquake is likely to occur simultaneously with wind or maximum load or maximum sea waves. c) The value of elastic modulus of materials, wherever required, maybe taken as for static analysis unless a more definite value is available for use in such condition (see IS 456, IS 1343 and IS 800)

4.3 Load combinations In the limit state design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, the following load combinations shall be accounted for: 1) 1.5 (DL + LL) 2) 1.2 (DL + LLEL) 3) l.5(DLEL) 4) 0.9 DL1.5EL [Ref. IS 1893 (part 1): 2002]
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4.4 Design Proper This is consist of a 25 storey tall structure of the following dimensions 22.5 x 22.5 m. The Plan of the proposed tall structure is shown in Fig 4.2

Fig 4.2 Typical Floor Plan

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4.4.1. Dead Load calculations Unit load calculations Assumed sizes of beam and column sections are: Columns: 500 x 500 at all typical floors, Area, A = 0.25 m2, I = 0.005208 m4 Columns: 600 x 600 below ground level, Area, A = 0.36 m2, I = 0.0108 m4 Main beams: 300 x 600 at all floors, Area, A = 0.18 m2, I = 0.0054 m4 Ground beams: 300 x 600, Area, A = 0.18 m2, I = 0.0054 m4 Secondary beams: 200 x 500, Area, A = 0.1m2, I = 0.0021 m4

Member self- weights: Columns (500 x 500) Columns (600 x 600) Ground beam (300 x 600) = 0.50 x 0.50 x 25 = 6.3 kN/m = 0.60 x 0.60 x 25 = 9.0 kN/m = 0.30 x 0.60 x 25 = 4.5 kN/m

Secondary beams rib (200 x 500) = 0.20 x 0.50 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m Main beams (300 x 600) Slab (100 mm thick) Brick wall (230 mm thick) = 0.30 x 0.60 x 25 = 4.5 kN/m = 0.1 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m2 = 0.23 x 19 (wall) +2 x 0.012 x 20 (plaster) = 4.9 kN/m2 Floor wall (height 4.4 m) = 4.4 x 4.9 = 21.6 kN/m

Ground floor wall (height 3.5 m) = 3.5 x 4.9 = 17.2 kN/m Ground floor wall (height 0.7 m) = 0.7 x 4.9 = 3.5 kN/m Terrace parapet (height 1.0 m) = 1.0x 4.9 = 4.9 kN/m

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Slab load calculations Component Terrace (DL + LL) Self (100 mm thick) Water proofing Floor finish Live load Total 2.5 + 0.0 2.0 + 0.0 1.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 1.5 5.5 + 1.5 kN/m2 Typical (DL + LL) 2.5 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 1.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 4.0 3.5 + 4.0 kN/ m2

Beam and frame load calculations: (1) Terrace level: Floor beams: From slab 2.5 x (5.5 + 1.5) Self weight Total Reaction on main beam 0.5 x 7.5 x (16.3 + 3.8) = 61.1 + 14.3 kN. = = 13.8 + 3.8 kN/m 2.5 + 0 kN/m

= 16.3 + 3.8 kN/m

Main beams B1-B2-B3 and B10-B11-B12

Component From Slab 0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 +1.5) Parapet Total

B1-B3 6.9 + 1.9

B2 0+0 4.9 + 0 4.9 + 0 kN/ m

4.9 + 0 11.8 + 1.9 kN/m

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Two point loads on one-third span points for beams B2 and B11 of (61.1 + 14.3) kN from the secondary beams. Main beams B4-B5-B6, B7-B8-B9, B16-B17- B18 and B19-B20-B21 From slab 0.5 x 2.5 x (5.5 + 1.5) Total = 6.9 + 1.9 kN/m = 6.9 + 1.9 kN/m

Two point loads on one-third span points for all the main beams (61.1 + 14.3) kN from the secondary beams. Main beams B13-B14-B15 and B22-B23-B24

Component

B13 - B15 B22 - B24

B14 B23 6.9 + 1.9

From Slab 0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 +1.5) Parapet Total

----

4.9 + 0 4.9 + 0 kN/m

4.9 + 0 11.8 + 1.9 kN/m

Two point loads on one-third span points for beams B13, B15, B22 and B24 of (61.1+14.3) kN from the secondary beams. (2) Floor Level: Floor Beams: From slab 2.5 x (3.5 + 4.0) ) Self weight Total Reaction on main beam 0.5 x 7.5 x (11.25 + 10.0) = 42.2 + 37.5 kN. = 8.75 + 10 kN/m = 2.5 + 0 kN/m = 11.25 + 10 kN/m

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Main beams B1-B2-B3 and B10-B11-B12

Component From Slab 0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 + 4.0) Wall Total

B1 - B3 4.4 + 5.0 21.6 + 0 26.0 + 5.0 kN/m

B2 0+0 16.6 + 0 16.6 kN/m + 0

Two point loads on one-third span points for beams B2 and B11 (42.2 + 37.5) kN from the secondary beams.

Main beams B4-B5-B6, B7-B8-B9, B16-B17-B18 and B19-B20-B21 From slab 0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 + 4.0) = 4.4 + 5.0 kN/m Total = 4.4 + 5.0 kN/m

Two point loads on one-third span points for all the main beams (42.2 + 37.5) kN from the secondary beams.

Main beams B13-B14-B15 and B22-B23-B24

B13 - B15 Component From Slab 0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 + 4.0) Wall Total 16.6 + 0 16.6+0 kN/m B22 - B24 ----

B14 B23

4.4 + 5.0 16.6 + 0 21.0 + 5.0 kN/m

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Two point loads on one-third span points for beams B13, B15, B22 and B24 of (42.2 +7.5) kN from the secondary beams.

(3) Ground level: Outer beams: B1-B2-B3; B10-B11-B12; B13-B14-B15 and B22-B23-B24 Walls: 3.4 m high = 16.6 + 0 kN/m

Inner beams: B4-B5-B6; B7-B8-B9; B16-B17-B18 and B19-B20-B21 Walls: 0.7 m high = 3.5 + 0 kN/m

4.4.2. Seismic Weight Calculations The seismic weights are calculated in a manner similar to gravity loads. The weight of columns and walls in any storey shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the storey. Following reduced live loads are used for analysis: Zero on terrace, and 50% on other floors [IS: 1893 (Part1): 2002, Clause 7.4]

(1) Storey 26 (Terrace):

component From slab Parapet Walls Secondary beams Main beams Columns Total

Load 22.5 x 22.5 (5.5+0) 04 x 22.5 (4.9 + 0) 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x(21.6 + 0) 18 x 7.5 x (2.5 + 0) 8 x 22.5 x (4.5 + 0) 0.5 x 5 x 16 x(6.3 + 0)

DL + LL 2 784 + 0 441 + 0 972 + 0 338 + 0 810 + 0 252 + 0 5597 kN

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(2) Storey 25-3

Component From slab Walls Secondary beams Main beams Columns Total

Load 22.5 x 22.5 x(3.5 + 0.5 x 4) 4 x 22.5 x(21.6 + 0) 18 x 7.5 x(2.5 + 0) 8 x 22.5 x(4.5 + 0) 16 x 5 x(6.3 + 0)

DL + LL 1 772 + 1013 1500+ 0 338 + 0 810 + 0 504+0 5937 kN

(3) Storey 2: Component Load DL + LL

From slab Walls Walls Secondary beams Main beams Columns Total

22.5 x 22.5 x(3.5 + 0.5 x 4) 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x(21.6 + 0) 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x(17.2 + 0) 18 x 7.5 x(2.5 + 0) 8 x 22.5 x(4.5 + 0) 16 x 0.5 x (5 +4.1) x (6.3 + 0)

1 772 + 1 013 750 + 0 750 + 0 338 + 0 810 + 0 459 + 0 = 5892 kN

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(4) Storey 1 (plinth): Component Load DL + LL

Walls Walls

0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x (17.2 + 0) 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x(3.5 + 0)

750 + 0 158 + 0

Main beams

8 x 22.5 x(4.5 + 0)

810 + 0

Columns

16 x 0.5 x 4.1 x(6.3 + 0) 16 x 0.5 x 1.1 x(9.0 + 0)

207 + 0 80 + 0

Total

2005 + 0 =2005 kN

Seismic weight of the Entire Building = 5597 + 23 x 5937 + 5892 + 2005 = 150045 kN The seismic weight of the floor is the lumped weight, which acts at the respective floor level at the centre of mass of the floor.

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