Memorandum follows after the question paper. Memorandum volg na die vraestel.

UNIVERSITEIT VAN PRETORIA UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA

Departement Meganiese en Lugvaartkundige Ingenieurswese Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

Termodinamika MTX221 Thermodynamics MTX221

Semestertoets 1 Augustus 2009 Tyd: 90 minute Punte: 100 Semester Test 1 August 2009 Time: 90 minutes Marks: 100

Instruksies Beantwoord alle vrae. Tabelle en n formuleblad word verskaf. Begin elke vraag op n nuwe bladsy. Netheid maak dit makliker om punte te sien. Maak asb. gebruik van diagramme en definieer enige punte van belang met n gepaste nommer. VRAAG 1 (21) Water is teen 350C en 8.8 MPa. Bepaal die spesifieke volume deur gebruik te maak van die volgende metodes: a) Termodiniese Tabelle b) Die Ideale Gas Vergelyking c) Die Samedrukbaarheidskaart (gebruik slegs die kaart wat in die klas behandel is) d) Watter metode (A, B, of C) is die akkuraatste?

Instructions Answer all questions. Tables and a formula sheet are supplied. Start every question on a new page. Neatness makes it easier to identify marks. Please make use of diagrams and define any points of interest with a suitable number. QUESTION 1 (21) Water is at 350C and 8.8 MPa. Determine the specific volume by using the following methods:

a) Thermodynamic Tables b) The Ideal Gas Equation c) The Compressibility Chart (use only the chart which was discussed in class) d) Which method (A, B, or C) is the most accurate?

VRAAG 2 (20) Lae digtheid Argon ondergaan n politropiese proses vanaf 400 kPa en 300 K tot 250 kPa en 500 K. Die gas het n massa van 3.5 kg. a) Bepaal die politropiese eksponent n b) Bepaal die arbeid verrig in die proses c) Bepaal die arbeid verrig indien die temperatuur konstant gehou word (Dus is die proses vanaf 400 kPa en 300 K tot 250 kPa en 300 K)

QUESTION 2 (20) Low density Argon goes through a polytropic process from 400 kPa and 300 K to 250 kPa and 500 K. The gas has a mass of 3.5 kg. a) b) c) Determine the polytropic exponent n Determine the work done in the process Determine the work done if the temperature is held constant. (thus the process is from 400 kPa and 300 K to 250 kPa and 300 K)

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VRAAG 3 (35) 3 kg R-134a word bevat in n suier silinder soos getoon in die figuur. Aanvanklik is die stelsel by n temperatuur van -20C en 150 kPa. Terwyl die stelsel verhit word beweeg die suier boontoe. Wanneer die suier teen die stopvlak druk is die volume binne die silinder 470 liter. a) Die stelsel word verhit tot -10C. Bepaal of die suier teen die stopvlak sal druk (toon alle berekeninge). Slaan hierdie vraag vir eers oor indien u nie weet hoe om hierdie berekening te doen nie. Die stelsel word nou verhit tot 70C sodat die suier defnitief teen die stopvlak druk. Bepaal die volgende: b) Die temperatuur van die stelsel toe die suier net-net aan die stopvlakke begin raak het. c) Die finale druk binne die silinder (by 70C) d) Die arbeid verrig in die proses e) Stip die hele proses op beide Pv en Tv diagramme. Dui alle relevante konstante druk en temperatuurlyne op die diagramme aan.

QUESTION 3 (35) 3 kg R-134a is contained in a piston cylinder as indicated in the figure. Initially the system is at a temperature of -20C and 150 kPa. While the system is heated the piston moves upward. When the piston is pushed into contact with the stops the volume inside the cylinder is 470 liter. a) The system is heated to -10C. Determine if the piston is in contact with the stops (show all calculations). Skip this question if you do not know how to do this calculation come back if you have time left. The system is now heated to 70C such that the piston definitely pushes against the stops. Determine the following: b) The temperature of the system when the piston just came into contact with the stops. c) The final pressure inside the cylinder (at 70C) d) The work done in the process e) Plot the whole process on both Pv and Tv diagrams. Indicate all relevant constant pressure and temperature lines on the diagrams.

Figuur / Figure (Vraag 3 / Question 3)

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VRAAG 4 (24) n Suier-silinder bevat 1 kg oorverhitte water teen 400C en 3 MPa, soos aangedui in die figuur. Daar is n linere veer op die suier gemonteer sodat wanneer die water verkoel word dit n temperatuur van 220C bereik wanneer die volume 0.03 m3 is. a) Maak n diagram en dui die stelsel grens aan. b) Bepaal die finale druk c) Bepaal die aanvanklike volume d) Bepaal die arbeid verrig in die proses e) Lewer kommentaar oor die teken (+/-) van die arbeid f) Gebruik die 1e Wet van Termodinamika en bapaal die hitte-oordrag tydens die proses.

QUESTION 4 (24) A Piston-cylinder contains 1 kg superheated water at 400C and 3 MPa, as indicated in the figure. A linear spring is mounted onto the piston such that when the water is cooled, it reaches a temperature of 220C when the volume is 0.03 m3. a) b) c) d) e) f) Make a diagram and indicate the system boundary. Determine the final pressure Determine the initial volume Determine the work done in the process Comment on the sign (+/-) of the work being done. Use the 1st Law of Thermodynamics and determine the heat transfer during the process.

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Figuur / Figure (Vraag 4 / Question 4)

Formuleblad volg.

Formulae Sheet follows.

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Formule Blad / Formulae Sheet

= f + x fg
Pv = ZRT H = U + PV

W = PdV
u Cv = T v

PV n = const.
h Cp = T p

W QH

QL / H W

TdS = dU + PdV

TdS = dH VdP

mV 2 E =U + + mgZ 2

dm &e m &i = 0 = m dt

Q = W
1 Q2 + U 1 +

mV12 mV22 + mgZ1 = U 2 + + mgZ 2 +1W2 2 2

Vi 2 Ve2 dE &+ m & & & Q ( h + + gZ ) = + m ( h + i i 2 e e 2 + gZ e ) + W i dt

dS =

Q
T

0 + S gen

Q
T

& dS Q & & e se m & i si = + S + m gen dt T

T2 P2 = T1 P1

k 1 k

T2 V1 = T1 V2

k 1

P2 V1 = P1 V2

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