Arab-Islamic history Pre-Islamic Arabia The original Arab, the Bedouin by Philip K Hitti (from "The Arabs: A Short

History") Ancient accounts of Arabia (from the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) Herodotus, c. 430 BCE Strabo, c. 22 CE Dio Cassius, c. 220 CE Ammianus Marcellinus, c. 380 CE Procopius of Caesarea, c. 550 CE Pre-Islamic Arabic culture The desert origins of the Arabs, by Richard Hooker [World Cultures website] Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century by Irfan Shahid (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library, Washington DC)

In the history section

www.al-bab.com An open door to the Arab world HOME PAGE The blog About al-bab Site map Contact Articles by Brian Whitaker

Pre-Islamic A The birth of Is Islamic expan The early Cal Umayyads & Abbasids Islam in Euro The Crusades Fatimids and Mamluks Turks and Ott The age of imperialism

Related page Historical ma Chronology History of Mo History of Ye

Books The birth of Islam Muhammad, The Prophet of Allah by Philip K. Hitti (from "The Arabs: A Short History")

al-bab.com Internet Country briefing

Muhammad by Maxime Rodinson (Pantheon Books, 1980) Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman by Montgomery Watt (Oxford University Press, 1961) Meccan trade and the rise of Islam by Patricia Crone (from "The Rise of Islam", Princeton University Press, 1987)

Algeria Morocco Bahrain Oman Comoros Palestine

History of th Peoples Albert H. Hou 1997. Order f Amazon (US) (UK)

Djibouti Qatar Egypt S Arabia Iraq Somalia Jordan Sudan Kuwait Syria Lebanon Tunisia Libya UAE Mauritania Yemen

Muhammad and the origins of Islam, by Richard Hooker [World Cultures website] Selections from the "Life of Muhammad" Ibn Ishaq (died c.773 CE): The Prophet of Islam by Muhammad Hamidullah (from "Introduction to Islam", Centre Culturel Islamique, Paris, 1969)

News

Blogs News - latest Newspapers Useful news sources

Muhammad the Prophet by Prof. K. S. Ramakrishna Rao, University of Mysore, India (from "Islam and Modern age", Hyderabad, March 1978) Companions of the Prophet by Abdul Wahid Hamid (from "Companions of The Prophet", Vol.1) Islamic time line Dates and dynasties - from 570 to 1250

The Arabs: A History Philip K Hitti Order from A (US) or (UK)

Reference

Arab A to Z Books Chronology Documents Maps

Islamic expansion The Battle of Badr 624 CE This was the first battle between believers and unbelievers, and it is still the most famous in Islamic history. Battle of Badr (Wikipedia)

The Middle E Brief History Last 2,000 Ye Bernard Lewi Order from A (US) or (UK)

Special topics

New light on the story of the Banu Qurayza and the Jews of Medina by W N Arafat (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1976) The Battle of Yarmuk (636 CE) and after An account by al-Baladhuri (d. c. 892) of the battle against the Byzantine army which delivered Syria to the Muslim. [Internet Islamic Sourcebook] The Arab conquest of Egypt 642 CE Two accounts - a Coptic version from "The History of The Patriarchs of Alexandria" and an Arab version from Al-

Arabic language Collecting Computers Democracy/reform Economy Environment Food Hajj History

The Crusade Through Ara

Amin Maalou Rothschild, 19 Order from A (US) or (UK)

870 or 871. From "History of the Conquest of Spain", translated by John Harris Jones (Kaestner, Gottingen, 1858) Tarik's address to his soldiers, 711 CE Al-Maggari's account. Quoted by Charles F. Horne (ed), "The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East", (Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, New York, 1917) [Internet Medieval Source Book] The Battle of Poitiers (or Tours), 732 CE Anonymous Arab chronicler The defeat of Abd al-Rahman by the Franks halted the Muslims' northward advance. Some historians regard it as a turning point in world history and Gibbon even suggested that if the Muslims had won Oxford would have become a city of minarets rather than spires. A more modern view is that the Muslims were not much interested in the north (they disliked the weather) but victory at Poitiers might have led them to conquer Italy. Three more accounts of the battle. Columbus: What if ... ? by Aileen Vincent-Barwood The fact that the discovery of America coincided with the end of Islamic rule in Spain provides fertile ground for historical speculation. Is it possible that Christopher Columbus greeted the inhabitants of the New World with the words: "As-salaamu alaykum"? Ibn Rushd's criticisms of the theologians arguments for the existence of God Dr Ibrahim Y. Najjar discusses "the appealing audacity" of Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

The Crusades History of the Crusades Probably the best introduction to the Crusades is this on-line course developed by Dr E L Skip Knox at Boise State University, Idaho. It covers the following topics: The major Crusades

First Crusade

Second Crusade Third Crusade Fourth Crusade Fifth Crusade Sixth Crusade Seventh Crusade

General histories

Europe during the Crusades The Byzantine Empire during the Crusades Islam during the Crusades Outremr during the Crusades

Other Crusades and topics

The Crusade of 1101 The Albigensian Crusade The Military Orders A Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

A brief account of the Crusades From Muslims on Line A Christian-Muslim debate (12th Century) Usamah Ibn Munqidh (1095-1188) Usamah was a Muslim warrior and courtier, who fought against the Crusaders with Saladin. This extract from his authobiography, written around 1175, discusses the Franks. Licence to Venice to trade with the Saracens (1198) Pope Innocent III The Assassins by Philip K. Hitti. From: "The Book of Grass: An Anthology on Indian Hemp", edited by George Andrews

and Simon Vinkenoog. The Crusade of St. Louis An Arab account by al-Makrisi. From: "The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings", in "Chronicles of the Crusades", Henry G. Bohn (ed), London, 1848 Medieval accounts of Salah al-Din's recovery of Jerusalem by Hadia Dajani-Shakeel. From: Hisham Nashabe (ed) "Studia Palaestina: Studies in honour of Constantine K. Zurayk", Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut 1988.

Fatimids and Mamluks The ruling circles by Yacov Lev. From "State and Society in Fatimid Egypt", E J Brill, Leiden, 1991

Turks and Ottomans The Turkish Irruption by J J Saunders. From "A History of Medieval Islam", Routledge, London The Liberation/Fall of Constantinople 1453 A Muslim view by Muhammad El-Halaby A Survey of the Turkish Empire by Sir William Eton, 1799 Proclamation for the Ottoman Empire The Young Turks, 1908

The age of imperialism Islamic law and Western imperialism Jane F. Collier examines the historical processes that constructed a cultural opposition between the supposed rule of law in the West and imagined religious fanaticism in the