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HowToInstallSoftwareinLinux
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InstallingSoftwareinGNU/LinuxOriginallypostedbyJasonLambertIntroductionForthebenefitofpeople newtoLinux,IhavewrittenagenericexplanationofhowtoinstallsoftwareinLinux....
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07062006
#1
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
HowToInstallSoftwareinLinux
Introduction
Forthebenefitofpeoplenewto Linux,Ihavewrittenageneric explanationofhowtoinstall softwareinLinux.Notethatsome softwaremayhavespecific installationprocedures,this HOWTOisnotasubstitutefor readingtheofficialinstallation documentation ThisHOWTOcoversthefollowing topics:
Commandlineprocess: Compilingand Installingsoftware fromsource InstallingRPM's usingtheRedhat PackageManager Installingusing Debian'saptget Installingmandrake things Installingwithfedora/
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yum Installingslackware packages Installingsoftware usingGentoo EMerge Installingbinaryfiles (.BIN/.SH) Installing.package Files(AutoPackage)
Graphical(GUI)process: UsingSynaptic (Fedora,Ubuntu) UsingYaST2(SuSE, openSuSE)
WindowsServer2012
microsoft.com/ws2012 BuiltFromTheCloudUp. VirtualizeYourBiggest Workloads.
LasteditedbytechieMoe03242010at01:01PM. arunperslikesthis.
07062006
#2
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
CompilingandInstallingsoftware fromsource
NOTEInstallingfromsourcecodeisthemostdifficultmethodforobtainingsoftware onLinuxandinmostcasesisnotnecessary.Mostpopularsoftwarecanbefoundand installedquiteeasilyusingyourdistribution'spackagemanager(seesectionson"apt get"and"yum").InstallingfromsourceisrecommendedonlyforexperiencedLinux usersand/orthosewhoaren'tafraidtobreaksomethingforthepurposeoflearning.
EmbeddedTraining
www.embwiz.com EmbeddedTrainingin LinuxChennaiRealtime TrainingLinuxChennai.
Somesoftwareisdistributedin"Sourceform".Thismeansyoudownloadafile containingallthesourcecodefortheapplicationyouwanttoinstall,unpackit,and compileitonyoursystem.Compilingistheprocessofturningthesourcecodeintoan executablebinary.Thecommonmythandnewbieassumptionisthatthisisveryhard todo,oritisonlyforprogrammers.Wrong.Itisafairlystraightforwardprocess,and youwillfindthatalotofsoftwareyouinstallwillneedtobebuiltfromsource. Typicallyapplicationsyoumustcompilefromsourcewillcomeasa".tar.gz", ".tar.bz2",or".zip"file. You'llprobablywanttooperatefrominsideyourhomedirectory.Ifyouruseris(for example)username ,yourhomedirectorywillbe/home/username/.Fortherestofthis sectionwewillassumeyouhavedownloadedyourzipfileto/home/username/src.If youdonothaveasrcdirectory,youcancreateitwiththefollowing"mkdir"(make directory)command: Code:
m k d i r/ h o m e / u s e r n a m e / s r c /
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c d/ h o m e / u s e r n a m e / s r c /
Usethe"ls"(listdirectorycontents)command,toseethefileispresent: Code:
l s
forfilesendingin.zip,use: Code:
u n z i p< f i l e n a m e >
Thiswillperformsomerequirementstestingonyoursystem,andcreatea"Makefile" whichwillexplaintothe"make"utilityhowthesoftwareshouldbecompiled.Ifyou receiveanyerrormessagesduringthisstage,youmaywishtosearchtheforumsto seeiftheyhavebeenfoundandresolvedbysomeoneelsealready,ifnot,feelfreeto postaquestionontheforumsPleaseincludealloftheoutputincludinganyerror messages,andsomedetailsaboutyoursystemwhatdistroyouareusing,whatare youtryingtoinstalletcetc Thenextstageistocompilethesoftware,thisisdoneusing"make".Whenyourun "make"itwillreadtheinstructionsintheMak efileandbuildtheapplicationbinaries.
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Code:
m a k e
LasteditedbytechieMoe03242010at12:56PM.Reason: Changedreferenceto/usr/local
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#3
07062006
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
InstallingRPM'susingtheRedhat PackageManager
RedhatRPM'sofferaflexableandeasymethodtoinstallnewsoftware.Software installedfromanRPMpackagediffersfromcompilingfromsourceinafewways,but themostimportantoneofallisthesoftwareisalreadycompiledforyou.Essentiallyall youaredoingisextractingtheprebuiltbinariesandcopyingthemtotheirpreselected destination.RPM'sarefilesthathavea".rpm"extenstion.ThegoodpointaboutRPM's isinstallationofnewsoftware,andmaintainingthesoftwarecurrentlyinstalledismuch easierthandoingsoforindividualpackagescompiledfromsource.Thedownsideto RPM'sisthatyoudonthaveasmuchchoiceaboutwheresoftwareisinstalledonyour system,howitiscompiled,andhowitisconfigured. UsingtheRPMsystemisfairlystraightforward.Toinstallapackage,youcanusethe followingcommand: Code:
r p mi< f i l e n a m e . r p m >
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RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#4
07062006
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
InstallingsoftwarewithAptget
APT(AdvancePackagingTool)isawonderfulpackagemanagementsystem.It consistsofdifferenttools,whichnamesusuallybeginswith"apt":aptget,aptcache, aptcdrom,etc.UnlikeRPM,whichequivalentinaDebiansystemwouldprobablybe DPKG,aptgethandlesdependenciesresolutionandtakescareofdownloadingthe softwareforyou(muchlikeYUMinaRedHatsystem). Thoughaptgetisgenerallyusedtoinstallbinarypackages,italsocanbuildandinstall sourcepackages(likeGentoo'semerge).Onecanfurthermoreeasetheprocessof installingsoftwarebyusingSynaptic(GraphicalInterface),whichisconsideredmore featuredAPTfrontend.
aptitudeisaterminalbasedaptfrontendwithanumberofusefulfeatures,including:a muttlikesyntaxformatchingpackagesinaflexiblemanner,dselectlikepersistenceof useractions,theabilitytoretrieveanddisplaytheDebianchangelogofmostpackages, andacommandlinemodesimilartothatofaptget.Oneshoulduseaptitudetoinstall metapackagesbecauseaptitudekeepslogofallpackagesthatarepartofmeta package.Itseasytoremove/uninstallmetapackageinonegowithaptitude.
Replace<something>withanapplicationnameorword.Forexample, Code:
a p t c a c h es e a r c hi r cc l i e n t
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Secondlytellaptgettobuildandinstallthepackageitself: Code:
a p t g e ts o u r c eb< p a c k a g e _ n a m e >
Forexample,installingtheemailclient"pine"canbedonelikethat: Code:
a p t g e tb u i l d d e pp i n e a p t g e ts o u r c ebp i n e
Uninstallingapackageisdonelikethis: Code:
a p t g e tr e m o v e< p a c k a g e _ n a m e >
Lasteditedbydevilscasper09052007at10:46AM.
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#5
07062006
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
InstallingsoftwareonMandrake withurpm
urpmisaniftywastoinstallsoftwareonany7.xorgreaterMandrakesystem.Someof theadvantagesofMandrake'surpmutilitiesare: *Itautomaticallysolvespackagedependenciesissuesbyinstallingoruninstalling dependentpackages. *Itinstallspackagesanddependenciesdirectlyfromtheinternet. *Itallowsglobbingofpackagenames *Itwillautomaticallyupdateyoursystem. *Itwillinstallallthose"notallowedtodistribute"programsthatyoureallywanttohave (DVDsupport,MP3enoders,etc...)
HowdoIinstallurpm? urpmshouldbeinstalledbydefaultonanymodernMandrakedistobution.Ifit'snot,you caninstallitusingtheMandrakeControlCenter(MCC). urpmCommands urpmi
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urpme Theurpmecommanddeletes,orerases,currentlyinstalledpackagesandallpackages depandantonthatit. urpmq Theurpmqcommandsearchesfor,orqueries,forpackagesthatyoulist. urpmf Theurpmfcommanddoesanadvancedsearchforafilenameinallknownpackages. Forexampleifwearetryingtocompileaprogramandtheconfigurescriptis complainingaboutnotfindingncurses.h,wecandoaurpmfncurses.htofindthatitis partofthelibncurses5develpackage.
Code:
[ r o o t @ c a y a n n e~ / ] # u r p m fn c u r s e s . h l i b n c u r s e s 5 d e v e l : / u s r / i n c l u d e / n c u r s e s . h l i b n c u r s e s 5 d e v e l : / u s r / i n c l u d e / n c u r s e s / n c u r s e s . h p h p d e v e l : / u s r / s r c / p h p d e v e l / e x t e n s i o n s / n c u r s e s / p h p _ n c u r s e s . h
urpmi.removemedia Thiscommandremovesspecifiedmedia.NeedIsaymore? urpmi.update Theurpmi.updatecommandgoesthroughallofyourmediasourcesandupdatesyour installedpackagesifnecessary. HowdoIsetupurpm? urpmcanbesetupusingMCC,butI'vepersonallyfoundtheinstructionsattheweb siteEasyUrpmitobealittleeasier.Eitherway,youcanusethesitealongwithMCC ortheconsoletoaddmedia.Simplefollowthestepbystepinstructions,andenterthe commanditprintsoutinthegreyboxintoanyterminalwindow,asrootofcourse.You canevencopyandpastethecommand,there'snoneedtotypeitallin.
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Lasteditedbydevilscasper02212009at09:49AM.Reason: removedbrokenlinks
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#6
07062006
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
Installingwithfedora/yum
MostofthesamecommandsusedwithDebian'saptgetareusedwithyum,suchas
yuminstall yumremove yumupdate
Foramoredetailedsetofinstructions,lookhere: http://www.fedorafaq.org/#installsoftware
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#7
07062006
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
Installingslackwarepackages
Slackwarepackagesareusually.tgzfilescontainingprebuiltbinaries.Toinstall softwareinslackwareyouwillneedtofindanddownloadthe.tgzpackagemanually beforehand.Ifyouarelookingforaslackwarepackageforapieceofsoftwareandhave notfoundityet,searchLinuxPackagesforit. Ok,oncewehaveourpackage,letsinstallit.Toinstallslackwarepackages,ensure youaretherootuserusingthecommand: Code:
s u
Nowrunthefollowingcommandtoinstallthepackage: Code:
i n s t a l l p k g< p a c k a g e n a m e . t g z >
Uninstallingapackageisalsoquitesimple: Code:
r e m o v e p k g< p a c k a g e n a m e >
andfollowonscreenprompts. AnyonewholikesthedebianaptgetsystembutiscurrentlyusingSlackwaremaybe interestedtohearaboutautilitycalledslaptget,theSlackwareanswertoaptget. SlaptgetisavaiblefromHere .ThereisalsoaniftyGnome/GTKfrontendforslaptget indevelopment,youcanpreviewitatthesameurl. Lastly,ifyouarehavingtroublelocatingaslackwarepackage,buthavebeenableto findaequivilentRPM,youcan"convert"thatRPMtoaslackwarepackagewhichyou canusewiththeinstallpk gandremovepk gcommands.ToconvertyourRPMto.tgz, usethecommand: Code:
r p m 2 t g z< p a c k a g e n a m e > . r p m
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RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#8
07062006
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
InstallingsoftwareusingGentoo Emerge
GentooEmergeDocumentation Paludis,anotherpackagemanagerthatusesEmerge
InstallingBinaryFilesandScripts (.BIN/.SH)
Binaryfiles(.BIN)andshellscripts(.SH)areanotherpopularformatfordistributing applications,particularlyinthecommercial,closedsourceworld.Agoodexampleof thisaretheQuake3andDoom3gamesfromidSoftware.Basicallyallthesefilesare isalistofcommandsthatareruninsideaterminaltocopy,move,andcreatefilesin yourfilesystem.Youcanrunthesefileslikeso:
ForBINfiles: 1.Makesurethefileissetto"executable"byrunningthiscommand:
Code:
c h m o d+ xN a m e O f Y o u r F i l e . b i n
2.Runthefilelikethis: Code:
. / N a m e O f Y o u r F i l e . b i n
Code:
s hN a m e O f Y o u r F i l e . s h
LasteditedbytechieMoe03242010at01:20PM.
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#9
12172008
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
Installing.packageFiles
Inrecentyearssomefolkshavedecidedthattheexistingsystemsforpackage management(RPMandDEB)arelackingincertainwaysandthesepeoplehaveseen fittocreateothersystemsforinstallingsoftware.OnesuchsystemisAutoPackage. ThefileextensionforAutoPackagefilesis.package ,andtheyareessentially executableshellscriptsthatbuildthedesiredsoftwareonyourlocalmachine regardlessofitspackagemanagementsystem.AutoPackagefilescanresolve dependenciessimilartoRPMandDEB. ToinstallanAutoPackagefile,downloadittoyourdesktopandrightclickonthefile. Thenselect"Properties"andchoosethePermissionstab.Youwillseeadifferent screendependingonyourdistributionofLinux,butyoushouldseesomethingthatsays "Executable"or"Execute."Checkthatpermission.
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Formoreinformationonthisprocedure,seetheAutoPackageFAQhere: FAQ::autopackage
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
#10
12172008
techieMoe
LinuxGuru
Appendix
Furtherreading
Aug2004 Texas 9,496
Copyright,RePrinting,and comments
ThisdocumentiscopyrightJasonLambert,2004. Themandrakesectioniscontributedbyjeremy1701andiscopyrightjeremy17012004. TheDebianaptgetsectionwasoriginallywrittenbyJasonLambertandrevisedby antidruguein2006. The.BIN/.SH,.package,andSynaptic/YaST2sectionswerecontributedbytechieMoe.
Youmaynotreproduceorreprintthisdocumentinpartorinfullwithoutprior writtenpermission.
LasteditedbytechieMoe03242010at01:11PM.
RegisteredLinuxuser#270181 TechieMoe'sTechRants
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