Chapter

1
Launch Lab Do all objects fall at the same rate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mathematics and Physics . . . . . . . 3 Mini Lab Measuring Change . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Graphing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Physics Lab Exploring Objects in Motion . . . 20

Chapter

4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Launch Lab Which force is stronger? . . . . . . . 87 Force and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Using Newtons Laws . . . . . . . . . 96 Interaction Forces . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Mini Lab Tug-of-War Challenge . . . . . . . . 103 Physics Lab Forces in an Elevator . . . . . . . . 108

A Physics Toolkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 1.1

Forces in One Dimension

Section 4.1 Section 4.2 Section 4.3

Section 1.2 Section 1.3

Mechanics

Chapter

5
Launch Lab Can 2 N 2 N 2 N? . . . . . . . 119 Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Force and Motion in Two Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . 131 Mini Lab Whats Your Angle? . . . . . . . . . . 135 Physics Lab The Coefficient of Friction . . . . 136

Chapter

2
. . . . . . . . 30 Launch Lab Which car is faster? . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Picturing Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Where and When? . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Position-Time Graphs . . . . . . . . . 38 How Fast? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Mini Lab Instantaneous Velocity Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Physics Lab Creating Motion Diagrams . . . . . 48

Forces in Two Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Section 5.1 Section 5.2 Section 5.3

Representing Motion
Section 2.1 Section 2.2 Section 2.3 Section 2.4

Chapter Chapter

6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Launch Lab How can the motion of a projectile be described? . . . . . . 147 Projectile Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Mini Lab Over the Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Circular Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Relative Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Physics Lab On Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

3
Launch Lab Do all types of motion look the same when graphed? . . . . . . 57 Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Mini Lab A Steel Ball Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Motion with Constant Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Free Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Physics Lab Acceleration Due to Gravity . . . .76

Accelerated Motion . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Section 3.1

Motion in Two Dimensions

Section 6.1

Section 3.2 Section 3.3

Section 6.2 Section 6.3

vii

Chapter

7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Launch Lab Can you model Mercurys motion? . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Planetary Motion and Gravitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Using the Law of Universal Gravitation . . . . . . . . . 179 Mini Lab Weightless Water . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Physics Lab Modeling the Orbits of Planets and Satellites . . . . . . . . 186

Chapter

10

Gravitation
Section 7.1 Section 7.2

Energy, Work, and Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Launch Lab What factors affect energy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Section 10.1 Energy and Work . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Section 10.2 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Mini Lab Wheel and Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Physics Lab Stair Climbing and Power . . . . . 274

Chapter

8
Launch Lab How do different objects rotate as they roll? . . . . . . . . . . 197 Describing Rotational Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Rotational Dynamics . . . . . . . . . 201 Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Mini Lab Spinning Tops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Physics Lab Translational and Rotational Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Chapter

11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Rotational Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Section 8.1 Section 8.2 Section 8.3

Energy and Its Conservation

Launch Lab How can you analyze a bouncing basketball? . . . . . . 285 Section 11.1 The Many Forms of Energy . . . 285 Section 11.2 Conservation of Energy . . . . . . 293 Mini Lab Energy Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Physics Lab Conservation of Energy . . . . . . 302

States of Matter

Chapter

9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Launch Lab What happens when a hollow plastic ball strikes a bocce ball? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Impulse and Momentum . . . . . 229 Conservation of Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Mini Lab Rebound Height . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Physics Lab Sticky Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Momentum and Its Conservation

Chapter

12

Thermal Energy

Section 9.1 Section 9.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Launch Lab What happens when you provide thermal energy by holding a glass of water? . . 313 Section 12.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Section 12.2 Changes of State and the Laws of Thermodynamics . . . . 323 Mini Lab Melting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Physics Lab Heating and Cooling . . . . . . . . . 332

viii

Chapter

13
Launch Lab Does it float or sink? . . . . . . . . 341 Properties of Fluids . . . . . . . . . . 341 Mini Lab Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Forces Within Liquids . . . . . . . . 349 Fluids at Rest and in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Physics Lab Evaporative Cooling . . . . . . . . . 364

Chapter

16

States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Section 13.1

Fundamentals of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Launch Lab How can you determine the path of light through air? . . . . . 431 Section 16.1 Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Section 16.2 The Wave Nature of Light . . . . 439 Mini Lab Color by Temperature . . . . . . . . 441 Physics Lab Polarization of Light . . . . . . . . . 448

Section 13.2 Section 13.3 Section 13.4

Chapter
Waves and Light

17

Chapter

14

Reflection and Mirrors

. . . . . . 374 Launch Lab How do waves behave in a coiled spring? . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Section 14.1 Periodic Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Section 14.2 Wave Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Section 14.3 Wave Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Mini Lab Wave Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Physics Lab Pendulum Vibrations . . . . . . . . . 392

Vibrations and Waves

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 Launch Lab How is an image shown on a screen? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Section 17.1 Reflection from Plane Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Mini Lab Virtual Image Position . . . . . . . . 462 Section 17.2 Curved Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Physics Lab Concave Mirror Images . . . . . . 474

Chapter

18

Chapter

15

Refraction and Lenses . . . . . . 484

Launch Lab What does a straw in a liquid look like from the side view? . . . . . . . . . . 485 Section 18.1 Refraction of Light . . . . . . . . . . 485 Section 18.2 Convex and Concave Lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Mini Lab Lens Masking Effects . . . . . . . . 495 Section 18.3 Applications of Lenses . . . . . . . 500 Physics Lab Convex Lenses and Focal Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

Sound

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Launch Lab How can glasses produce musical notes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Section 15.1 Properties and Detection of Sound . . . . . . . . . . 403 Section 15.2 The Physics of Music . . . . . . . . 411 Mini Lab Sounds Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Physics Lab Speed of Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

ix

Chapter

19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Chapter

22

Interference and Diffraction

Current Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . 590

Launch Lab Can you get a lightbulb to light? . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Section 22.1 Current and Circuits . . . . . . . . . 591 Mini Lab Current Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 Section 22.2 Using Electric Energy . . . . . . . . 601 Physics Lab Voltage, Current, and Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Launch Lab Why does a compact disc reflect a rainbow of light? . . . . 515 Section 19.1 Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Section 19.2 Diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Mini Lab Retinal Projection Screen . . . . . 531 Physics Lab Double-Slit Interference of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Chapter
Electricity and Magnetism

23
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

Series and Parallel Circuits

Chapter

20

Static Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Launch Lab Which forces act over a distance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Section 20.1 Electric Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Section 20.2 Electric Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Mini Lab Investigating Induction and Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 Physics Lab Charged Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Launch Lab How do fuses protect electric circuits? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Section 23.1 Simple Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Mini Lab Parallel Resistance . . . . . . . . . . 623 Section 23.2 Applications of Circuits . . . . . . 627 Physics Lab Series and Parallel Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Chapter

24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Magnetic Fields
Chapter

21

Electric Fields

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Launch Lab How do charged objects interact at a distance? . . . . . . . 563 Section 21.1 Creating and Measuring Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 Section 21.2 Applications of Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Mini Lab Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 Physics Lab Charging of Capacitors . . . . . . 580

Launch Lab In which direction do magnetic fields act? . . . . . . . . . 643 Section 24.1 Magnets: Permanent and Temporary . . . . 643 Mini Lab 3-D Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . 650 Section 24.2 Forces Caused by Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . 652 Physics Lab Creating an Electromagnet . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Chapter

25

Chapter

28

Electromagnetic Induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Launch Lab What happens in a changing magnetic field? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 Section 25.1 Electric Current from Changing Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 Section 25.2 Changing Magnetic Fields Induce EMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 Mini Lab Motor and Generator . . . . . . . . 682 Physics Lab Induction and Transformers . . . 686

The Atom

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 Launch Lab How can identifying different spinning coins model types of atoms? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 Section 28.1 The Bohr Model of the Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 Mini Lab Bright-Line Spectra . . . . . . . . . . 755 Section 28.2 The Quantum Model of the Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 Physics Lab Finding the Size of an Atom . . 766

Chapter

26

Chapter

29

Electromagnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Launch Lab From where do radio stations broadcast? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 Section 26.1 Interactions of Electric and Magnetic Fields and Matter . . 697 Mini Lab Modeling a Mass Spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 Section 26.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 Physics Lab Electromagnetic Wave Shielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

Solid-State Electronics . . . . . 774

Launch Lab How can you show conduction in a diode? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 Section 29.1 Conduction in Solids . . . . . . . . . 775 Section 29.2 Electronic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . 784 Mini Lab Red Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 Physics Lab Diode Current and Voltage . . . 790

Chapter

30

Modern Physics

Chapter

27

Quantum Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Launch Lab What does the spectrum of a glowing lightbulb look like? . . . 723 Section 27.1 A Particle Model of Waves . . . . 723 Mini Lab Glows in the Dark . . . . . . . . . . . 724 Section 27.2 Matter Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 Physics Lab Modeling the Photoelectric Effect . . . . . . . . . . 738

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 Launch Lab How can you model the nucleus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 Section 30.1 The Nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 Section 30.2 Nuclear Decay and Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 Mini Lab Modeling Radioactive Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 Section 30.3 The Building Blocks of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 Physics Lab Exploring Radiation . . . . . . . . . . 824

Nuclear Physics

xi