1. Exercise. Make cleft sentences. 1. I met Mary last year. It was last year when I met Mary. 2.

We want pizza. It is pizza that we want. 3. Ana sent an email. It was Ana who sent the email. 2. Exercise. Write sentences using the lexical verb have. 1. Tell someone that you experienced an awful journey. I had an awful journey. 2. Ask someone what she ate for breakfast. What did you have for breakfast. 3. Explain that you never experience dreams. I never have dreams. 3. Exercise. Give examples for the following verb tenses. 1. Present Perfect Simple Tense have seen 2. Present Perfect Progressive Tense have been working 3. Past Perfect Simple Tense had worked 4. Past Perfect Progressive Tense had been shopping 5. Future Perfect Simple Tense will have finished 6. Future Perfect Progressive Tense will have been singing 4. Exercise. Present to past. Rewrite the sentences to make them refer to the past. 1.I must post the letters. I had to post the letters. 2.They must be away on holiday. They must have been away on holiday. 3.We cant see the top of the mountain. We couldnt see the mountain. 4.He cant be a millionaire. He cant have been a millionaire. 5.We mustnt shout in the classroom. We werent allowed to shout in the classroom. 6.He wont go to bed. He wouldnt go to bed. 7.That will be Jane on the phone. That will have been Jane on the phone.

8.You should be more careful. You should have been more careful. 9.You could help with the washing-up for a change. You could have helped with the washing up. 5. Exercise. Modal verbs of probability. Decide on the degree of certainty in these sentences. Put C if the idea is certain and LC if the idea is less certain. 1.You must have seen him at the cinema. I know he was there. C 2.The dog is really dirty. He might have swum in the lake. LC 3.He cant have been telling the truth. C 4.He might have left a message on your mobile. LC 5.I dont know where she is. She may have gone shopping. LC 6.She must have been very upset when you told her the news. C 7.They are not answering their phone. They must have gone away already. C 8.I dont see their car. They cant have come back yet. C 6. Exercise. Past probability. Write sentences for the situations below using modal auxiliary verbs. 1.Ana is wearing a beautiful diamond ring. 2.The children ran away laughing. 3.Theres flour on grandmas nose. 4.He said hed wait for me, but I cant see him. 5.Toms flat is so clean and tidy. 6.All the flowers in the garden have died. 7.Davids suit looks a little dirty. 1.She must/may/might/could have got married. 2.They must/may/might/could have broken the vase. 3.She must/may/might/could have been making a cake. 4.He cant have left without me. 5.He must/may/might/could have had a party.

6.You cant have watered them properly. 7.He might have been working in the garden. 7.Exercise. Past modals various uses. Choose the correct answer. 1. Im sorry. I shouldnt have / couldnt have told Tom what you said about him. 2. A Wheres the dog? B Dont know. Dad may have / ll have taken him for a walk. A No. I remember. Its Tuesday, isnt it? Mum should have / will have taken him to the vet. 3. A Who was that man? B He cant have / must have been a friend of Janes. He was asking if Id seen her. 8.Exercise. Supply the modal verb which corresponds to the paraphrase in each case. 1. I will let you know as soon as I have any news. (intention, promise) 2. There must be something burning. I can smell it. (it is necessarily the case) 3. The banks will be closed at this time of the day. (prediction) 4. This 12-can pack of beer should be enough. (reasonable inference) 9.Active or passive? These sentences sound unnatural in the active. Rewrite them using the passive. 1. They built our house in the 17th century. 2. Someone is decorating my flat at the moment. 3. Has someone fixed the coffee machine yet? 4. We ate in restaurants while they were building the new kitchen. While the kitchen 5. We arrived at work to find out that someone had burgled our office. 6. They wont recognize her in those dark glasses. 1.Our house was built 2.My flat is being decorated 3.Has the coffee machine been fixed yet?

4.While the new kitchen was being built we 5.our office had been burgled. 6.She wont be recognized 10.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, active or passive. 1. The burglars were caught as they were leaving the office. 2. The postbox is always emptied at 12 midday. 3. Aunt Mary is terribly upset. Her cat has been missing for three days now. 3. We were driving down a quiet country lane when suddenly we were overtaken by a police car. 4. When I woke up this morning, the world looked magical. It had been snowing all night. 11. Match the two parts to make correct sentences: 1.Ive written a 2.Ive been writing b 1.Ive lost b 2.Ive been losing a 1.They have missed b 2.Theyve been missing a 1.Shes been talking a 2.Shes talked b a.to Auntie Fay to wish her happy birthday. b.my essay all morning. a.weight recently. b.my car keys. a.you lots, so come home soon. b.the train. a.on the phone for ages. b.about the subject before.