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GSM Fundamentals

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Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 GSM Network Structure Chapter 3 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 4 Channels on the Wireless Interface

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GSM system overview


The GSM system is a frequency- and time-division cellular system, each physical channel is characterized by a carrier frequency and a time slot number Cellular systems are designed to operate with groups of low-power radios spread out over the geographical service area. Each group of radios serve MSs presently located near them. The area served by each group of radios is called a CELL Uplink and downlink signals for one user are assigned different frequencies, this kind of technique is called Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) Data for different users is conveyed in time intervals called slots , several slots make up a frame. This kind of technique is called Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
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Multiple Access Technique


Multiple Access Technique allows many subscribers to use the same communication medium. There are three kinds of basic Multiple Access Technique : FDMA , TDMA and CDMA. GSM system adopt FDD-TDMA (FDMA and TDMA together).

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FDMA
FDMA uses different frequency channels to accomplish communication. The whole frequency spectrum available is divided into many individual channels (for transmitting and receiving)every channel can support the traffic for one subscriber or some control information.

Frequency

Time

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TDMA
TDMA accomplishes the communication in different timeslot. A carrier is divided into channels based on time. Different signals occupy different timeslots in certain sequence , that is , many signals are transmitted on the same frequency in different time.

Frequency

Time

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The Frequency Spectrum


GSM 900

Uplink

Downlink

890

915

935

960MHz

Duplex Separation: Channel Bandwidth:


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45MHz 200KHz
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The Frequency Spectrum


DCS 1800

Base Station Receive

Base Station Transmit

1710

1785 1805

1880MHz

Duplex Separation: Channel Bandwidth:


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95MHz 200KHz
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Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 GSM Network Structure Chapter 3 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 4 Channels on the Wireless Interface

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Interface Between Different Entities


MSC/VLR GSM /GPRS BSS MS BTS PCU BSC MS Um BTS
GPRS backbone

GMSC

PSTN ISDN

Abis

BSC

A HLR/AUC

SS7 Gb SMS system

SGSN Ga OMC CG BG Gp GGSN

Gi

Internet, Intranet

Other PLMN

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Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 GSM Network Structure Chapter 3 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 4 Channels on the Wireless Interface

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Service Area

Service Area
PLMN PLMN service service area area
MSC service area... Location area...

PLMN service area


MSC service area... Location area...

......

cell

cell

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LAI
MCC MNC
Location Area Identification

LAC

The LAI is the international code for a location area. MCC: Mobile Country CodeIt consists of 3 digits . For example: The MCC of China is "460" MNC: Mobile Network CodeIt consists of 2 digits . For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00" LAC: Location Area CodeIt is a two bytes hex code. The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid. For example: 460-00-0011
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CGI
CGI: Cell Global Identification

The CGI is a unique international identification for a cell The format is LAI+CI LAI: Location Area Identification CI: Cell Identity. This code uses two bytes hex code to identify the cells within an LAI. For example : 460-00-0011-0001

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BSIC
BSICBase Station Identification Color Code)

NCC
BSIC

BCC

NCC: PLMN network color code. It comprises from 0-7. It allows various neighboring PLMNs to be distinguished. BCC: BTS color code. It comprises from0-7, used to distinguish different cells assigned the same frequency!

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Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 GSM Network Structure Chapter 3 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 4 Channels on the Wireless Interface

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Physical Channel and Logical Channel


The physical channel is the medium over which the information is carried: 200KHz and 0.577ms The logical channel consists of the information carried over the physical channels

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 0

1 2

Timeslot

The Theinformation informationcarried carriedin inone onetime time slot slotis iscalled calleda aburst burst

TDMA FRAME
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TDMA FRAME
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Two types of Logical Channel


Traffic Channel (TCH) : Transmits traffic information, include data and speech.

Control Channel (CCH) : Or Signaling Channel, transmits all kinds of control information.

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Traffic Channel (TCH)


TCH Traffic Channels

Speech

Data

TCH/FS

TCH/HS

TCH/9.6

TCH/2.4

TCH Traffic Channel TCH/FS Full rate Speech Channel TCH/HS Half rate Speech Channel TCH/9.6 Data Channel 9.6kb/s TCH/4.8 Data Channel 4.8kb/s TCH/2.4 Data Channel 2.4Kb/s
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TCH/4.8
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Control Channel (CCH)


CCH (Control Channels) DCCH SDCCH ACCH BCCH SACCH CCCH SCH RACH CBCH FCCH

BCH

Synch. CH.

FACCH

Broadcast Control Channel BCCH Common Control Channel CCCH Dedicated Control Channel DCCH Associated Control Channel ACCH
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PCH/AGCH
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Broadcast Control Channel BCCH


The information carried on the BCCH is monitored by the MS periodically when it is in idle mode BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel FCCH: Frequency Correction Channel SCH: Synchronization Channel BCCH Synch. Channels BCH CCH

SCH
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FCCH

Common Control Channel CCCH


The CCCH is responsible for transferring control information between all mobiles and the network. RACH: Random Access Channel PCH: Paging Channel AGCH: Access Granted Channel CBCH: Cell Broadcast Channel RACH uplink CBCH downlink CCH

CCCH

PCH/AGCH downlink
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Dedicated Control Channel DCCH


DCCH is assigned to a single wireless connection for measurement and handover purpose. SDCCH: Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel ACCH: Associated Control Channel SACCH: Slow Associated Control Channel FACCH: Fast Associated Control Channel CCH

DCCH

SDCCH

ACCH

FACCH

SACCH

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Uplink Logical channel

RACH

CCCH

CCH

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

DCH

TCH

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Downlink Logical channel


FCCH

CCH

BCCH

SCH BCCH

CCCH

PCH AGCH

SDCCH

DCH

DCCH

SACCH FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

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How to use these channels?


Power-off

Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronous burst Extract system information

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH SDCCH TCH FACCH

Idle mode

Monitor paging message Send access burst Allocate signaling channel


Dedicated mode

Set up the call Allocate voice channel Conversation


Idle mode

Release the call

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Thank You
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