Units

Speed- Distance/Time = ms-1 Acceleration- Change in velocity/Time = ms-2 Force- Mass X Acceleration= Newton. Kgms-2 Pressure- Force/Area = pascal (Pa). Kgm-1s-2 Work- Force X Distance = Jouke. Kgm2s-2 Power- Work/ Time = Watt . Kgm2s-3

Vector Quantities= Scalar Quantities=

Scalar or Vector?

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displacement velocity acceleration force weight distance speed time mass volume temperature
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Motion
Average Velocity= Displacement/Time Any change in velocty= Accerating. The magnitude of acceleration is a measure of the rate at which velocity changes. Acceleration= Change in velocity/ Change in time. in the absence of air resistance,all objects fall with acceleration- 9.81 ms-2 neglecting air resistance, the horizontal component of the initial velocity will remain constant. Displacement time graphs- gradient=velocity, if gradient isnt straight= there is acceleration. Instantaneous velocity is the gradient of the graph at a point. Can be measure by drawing a tangent on the line. Velocity time graphs- gradient= acceleration.deceleration= a negative gradient. Area under graph= displacement.

power = work done/time taken. (watts) mgh= gpe Work done=force X distance moved. (joules) Newtons third law= if body A exerts a force on body B. body b will exert an equal and opposite force on body a. third law paris mst: act on 2 seperate bodies, same type, same line, equal magnitude, opposite directions. Newtons second law= the acceleration of a body of constant mass is proportional to the resultant force applied to it and in the direction of the resultant force F=MA Newtons first law= an object will remain in a state of rest or continue to move with a constant velocity unless acted up by a resultant external force

Forces
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Materials (2)
Hookes Law= up to a given load, the extension of a pring is directly proportional to the force applied to the spring. F= KX (k-spring constant) Limit of proportionality- the point the material stops obeying hooks law. but would still return to its original shape if stress is removed. elastic limit- at this point the material starts to behave plastically. at this point the material would no longer return to its original shape once the stress was removed. Yield point- the stress at which a large amont of plastic deformation takes place with a constant or reduced load. Work done= 1/2 X Max force X extention Elastic strain energy= the area under the graph. Stress=Force/Cross sectional area Strain=Extension/ original length Young modulus= stress/strain. Energy density= work done/ volume = 1/2 X stress X strain = the area under a stress stain graph.

Ductile: Can be drawn into wires without losing their strength Malleable: hammered into thin sheets Strong: high breaking stress/ can withstand large forces before it breaks Brittle: an object will shatter when subject to shocks, without deforming plastically. Tough: high energy density/ large plastic region/ able to absorb energy Stiff: high young modulus Hard: Difficult to indent Plastic: will remain deformed Elastic deformation: will return to original dimensions when force is removed

Materials
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Fluids.
Density= Mass/Volume Upthrust= a consequence of water pressre being greater below an immersed obect upthrust= weight displaced = vpg an object willfloat in a fluid if the upthrust is equal to its weight laminar flow=no abrupt change in velocity or direction of flow lines. adjacent layersdo not cross over each other turbulent= streamlines are no longer continuous viscosity= the resistance of a fluid to flow Resultant force= W-(U+F) If an object is accelerating downwards viscous drag increases untill (u+f)= w << terminal velocity.