The muscular system

What is the muscular system? Is the anatomical system of a species that allows it to move. The muscular system in vertebrates is controlled through the nervous system and the muscles provide strength, balance posture , movement and heat for the body to keep warm. Some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous. There are three distinct types of muscles: 1.skeletal muscles, 2.cardiac or heart muscles, 3.and smooth muscles. 1. The skeletal muscle a) is a form of striated muscle tissue existing under control of the somatic nervous system b) as its name suggests, most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons c) is made up of individual components know as muscle fibers d) these fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts e) the myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils f) this are repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell g) the sarcomere is responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction h) the term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue. 2. The cardiac muscle a) is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium b) shares similarities with skeletal muscle with regard to its striated appearance and contraction, with both differing significantly from smooth muscle cells

c) coordinated contraction of cardiac muscle cells in the heart propel blood from the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the circulatory system d) cardiac muscle cells, like all tissues in the body, rely on an ample blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products such as carbon dioxide e) the coronary arteries fulfill this function 3. The smooth muscle a) is an involuntary non-striated muscle, found within the tunica media layer of large and small arteries and veins, the bladder, uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, the ciliary muscle, and iris of the eye b) the glomeruli of the kidneys contain a smooth muscle-like cell called the mesangial cell c) smooth muscle is fundamentally different from skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in terms of structure, function, excitation-contraction coupling, and mechanism of contraction d) Smooth muscle fibers have fusiform shape, and, like striated muscle, can tense and relax e) Smooth muscle does not contain the protein troponin f) here is an organized cytoskeleton consisting of the intermediate filament proteins and desmin, along with actin filaments g) actin filaments attach to the sarcolemma by focal adhesions or in a spiral corkscrew fashion, and contractile proteins can organize into zones of actin and myosin along the axis of the cell.

What is the main function of the muscular system? locomotion or mobility, strength, heat production, shock absorption, shaping the body, maintaining posture, and respiration,

 in addition it plays a role in the digestive process by peristalsis to move the food through, it is also essential for pumping blood and plays a role in smooth muscles of the blood vessels to raise blood pressure during the stress response, muscles help the body to have mobility through the environment, and motility inside the body for its processes. Facts about the human muscles muscles can account for about 50% your body weight, it takes the interaction of 72 different muscles to produce human speech, relative to size, the strongest muscle in the body is the tongue, the longest muscle has muscle cells that can be over a foot long, the smallest muscles are in the middle ear; tensor tympani, and stapedius, there are 640 individual names for muscles, the hardest working muscles in the body are the muscles in the eye, it takes 17 muscles in the body to smile, there are muscles in the root of our hair that gives us goose bumps.