Ethic Reader - Adnan Fortuna

ITETHIC
ETHIC READER
BOOK REVIEWS ON CYBER ETHICS, HANDBOOK OF COMPUTER ETHICS AND

FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
ANDREW ADNAN CASIO FORTUNA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Philippines
License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ph/
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CYBER ETHICS……………………………………………………………………….3
(Chapter 1-21)
HANDBOOK OF COMPUTER ETHICS……………………………………………46
FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID……………………………….…98
CYBER ETHICS………………………………………………………………………99
(Chapter 22-44)
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CYBER ETHICS
CHAPTER 1-21
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Andrew Adnan Fortuna
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Book Review: Ethics and the Information Revolution
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

Spinello/dp/0763737836
Quote:
Computing Technology is the most powerful and most flexible technology ever devised. For this
reason, computing is changing everything- where and how we work, when and how we learn, shop, eat,
vote, receive medical care, spend free time, make war, make friends, make love.
Learning Expectation:
I expect to learn the profound meaning of Ethics. I also expect to learn the deeper meaning of
Information Revolution and how important it is.
Book Review:
This chapter talks about the concept of Information Revolution and the importance as well. To
start off, I would like to define what Information Revolution is. According to Business Dictionary,
Information Revolution is defined as the development of technologies (such as computers, digital
communication, microchips) in the second half of the 20th century that has led to dramatic reduction in
the cost of obtaining, processing, storing, and transmitting information in all forms (text, graphics, audio,
video). In other words, Information Revolution is the time wherein gadgets and other computer devices
grew that helped mankind through innovation. It helped us people hasten work process, lessen work-
loads and minimize human errors. Without this gadgets or computer devices, we might not develop as a
country or develop as a human being as well.
The importance of Information Revolution is that, it awakened the people that life can be lived a
bit easier. That there are things out there that we people can use it to our advantage. I guess, without
Information Revolution happened, we might be sticking our asses out there, pushing as hard as we can
just to squeeze out a small amount of juice. But since Information Revolution happened, that small
amount of juice turned out to be a barrel-full.
What I learned:
I learned the significance of Information Revolution. I learned that this helped a lot of people in
our everyday lives.
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Integrative Questions:
• What is Information Revolution?

• When did it happen?
• Did it play a major role in the society?
• What did it do to help the people?
• Is it that important to learn Information Revolution?
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Book Review: Ethics Online

Quote:
Information can be reproduced on-line without loss of value and in such a way that the originator
or holder of the information would not notice. Of course, in the ordinary world, information can be
reproduced via copying machines and camera. In electronic networks, however, there is no loss of value
in the process of reproduction. A copied program or copied data set is perfectly usable, and the
reproduction can be such that there is no evidence that copying has been done; that is, the person who
created or owns the information has no reason to believe it has been copied. The difference here is the
difference between taking a painting – the painter or owner no longer has the painting and can see that it
is gone – and copying a data set – the creator or the owner still has the data set and may have no
indication that a copy was made.
I expect to learn what the book meant about Ethics Online. I also expect to learn about the issues
that aroused from Ethics Online.
Book Review:
This chapter talks about how ethics can be applied on the Internet. What I meant, was this
chapter discusses the critical issues that are present online.
I am a person who was introduced to the computer at an early age. Though encyclopedia were
still present when I was starting my research during elementary and secondary education, my parents
opted to let me become familiar with the computer and the World Wide Web because they believe that
since the world is become more developed and developed, it is better to let me know these things (World
Wide Web and the computer itself) so that I would not get left behind. Because that, I am a person which
is not a library person. I rather search the net than wasting my time going to the library, search for the
item I need among thousands of books and read it. For me, going to the library consumes a lot of time if
you are just going to search for something. But I am not saying that going to the library is a bad idea.
What I am saying is that, in my opinion, it is much better to look for what you are suppose to look for in
the internet rather than going to the library.
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But this chapter sees a thing that needs ethical thinking. This chapter points out that online
information might be hazardous since it might be misleading. It might hand out wrong information.
What I learned:
I learned that even going online has its issues also. I learned that online information might be
misleading and might hand out wrong information.
• What is Ethics Online?

• What are the issues that are present?
• Does this have to do with information?
• What is diminished trust?
• What is anonymity?
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Book Review: Reason, Relativity and Responsibility in Computer Ethics

Quote:
We are entering a generation marked by globalization and ubiquitous computing. The second
generation of computer ethics, therefore, must be an era of “global information ethics.” The stakes are
much higher, and consequently considerations and applications of Information Ethics must be broader,
more profound and above all effective in helping to realize a democratic and empowering technology
rather than an enslaving or debilitating one.
I expect to learn what the book meant about Reason, Relativity and Responsibility in Computer
Ethics. I also expect to learn about the issues that aroused from Reason, Relativity and Responsibility in
Computer Ethics.
Book Review:
Obviously, this chapter talks about Computer Ethics and its reason, relativity and responsibility.
To begin with, I would like to define what Computer Ethics is according to our trusted friend, Wikipedia.
Computer Ethic is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should
make decisions regarding professional and social conduct. The term "computer ethics" was first coined by
Walter Manerin the mid-1970s, but only since the 1990s has it started being integrated into professional
development programs in academic settings. The conceptual foundations of computer ethics are
investigated by information ethics, a branch of philosophical ethics established by Luciano Floridi.
Computer ethics is a very important topic in computer applications. In other words, Computer Ethics is
responsible for how professionals should think, act, and make decisions.
I believe that the reason behind learning Computer Ethics is that, we people should learn how to
live right. I saw this quote in a magazine wherein it said, “Learn to live, Live to learn.” I was amazed with
this quote because as simple as it may seem, its meaning is deeper than the deepest ocean. Well, of
course it is exaggerated but still, its meaning is very beautiful.
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What I learned:
What I learned in this chapter is that Computer Ethics is responsible for how professionals should
think, act, and make decisions.
• What is Computer Ethics?

• What is the reason behind Computer Ethics?
• What does it do for professionals?
• What is the relativity of Computer Ethics?
• What is the responsibility of Computer Ethics?
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Book Review: Disclosive Computer Ethics

Quote:
The world is very close to having technology that can provide electronic privacy and security on
the Internet sufficient to safely conduct international business transactions. Once this technology is in
place, there will be a rapid expansions of Global Cyberbusiness. Nations with a technological
infrastructure is already in place will enjoy rapid economic growth, while the rest of the world lags behind.
What will be the political and economic fallout from the rapid growth of global Cyberbusiness? Will
accepted business practices in one part of the world be perceived as “cheating” or “fraud” in other parts of
the world? Will a few wealthy nations widen the already big gap between rich and poor? Will political and
even military confrontations emerge?
I expect to learn what the book meant about Disclosive Computer Ethics. I also expect to learn
about the issues that aroused from Disclosive Computer Ethics.
Book Review:
Honestly, when I first saw the title, closure already entered my mind. I was a bit puzzled because
I thought that the book is almost finished. Kidding aside, this chapter talks about what Disclosive
Computer Ethics is and how important Disclosive Computer Ethics. To start off, I would want to begin to
delineate what Disclosive Computer Ethics is. According to Google, Disclosive Computer Ethics is a
critique of mainstream computer ethics and argues for the importance of a complementary approach
which is concerned with the moral deciphering of embedded values and norms in computer systems,
applications and practices. In other words, Disclosive Computer Ethics entails people about the things
that are not that relevant but we should be aware of. Like justice, economy, privacy and democracy.
These are the things that are somehow relevant for a group of people but not that relevant for a majority
of people, but still, these are facts that we should be aware of.
What I learned:
I learned that Disclosive Computer Ethics is somehow similar to a mainstream computer ethics
because both argue for the opposite approach which is highly fretful with the basic concepts of computer
systems and its applications.
• What is Disclosive Computer Ethics?
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• Is it similar to a Mainstream Computer Ethics?
• What are their similarities?
• What is a Mainstream Computer Ethics?
• Does Disclosive Computer Ethics help a person out?
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Book Review: Gender and Computer Ethics

Quote:
Secondly, feminist ethics brings a direct consideration of questions of power that are so often
absent in traditional ethical theories. Utilitarianism argues for the greatest good for the greatest numer.
But who is to decide whether one good is better that another? We do not all hae an equal say. Tnog
(1993) argues that is it powerful groups, usually hite professional men, who are the decision makers in
contemporary cost-benefit analysis. Questions of power are oftendisguised but they are crucial to the
ethical decision making process. For instancve, it was noted above that in the empirical studies
discussed., there is a disguised power relation between the uniersity teachers undertaking the surveys
and the students who take part. This suggests that a study of problems relating to internet pornography
and cyberstalking in terms of gender ethics might prove instructive. Issues power must be rendered
visible to make these and other areas.
I expect to learn what the book meant about Gender and Computer Ethics. I also expect to learn
about the issues that aroused from Gender and Computer Ethics.
Book Review:
To be honest, I am already aware that there are Gender issues that are occurring in Computer
Ethics. I was actually just waiting for it to come out. I know that there is such thing but I really wanted to
know why and what are the gender issues that aroused.
It is written that, Gender was a factor when it comes to computers during the early period.
Women were deprived of helping out men decide, act or work with computers. Women are usually
downgraded since before, women’s image was just for household purposes and nothing else. But now,
women are very profound in the information industry. Most of the successful persons in the industry are
women. They say that women have this gift that whenever they decide on something, they use their
feelings more rather than their brains. I believe that this is what men lack. Men usually think outright
whenever they decide on things. They do not care whether they might step on people. Men usually are
goal-oriented types of people.
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What I learned:
I learned that Gender also is an issue when we talk about Computer Ethics. Women mostly are
deprived of their skills since they are women. I learned that it is not right and as we all know, there are
also a lot of women who are very successful.
• What does the chapter meant about Gender issues?

• What is the difference between ethical decisions and ethical processes?
• How does the woman do to decide?
• Usually, what type of person are men?
• Does gender really is a hindrance in performing a task?
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Book Review: Is the Global Information Infrastructure a Democratic Technology?

Quote:
The claim that technology is value-neutral rested in part on the alliance between science and
technology, with several ideas about science shaping ideas about technology. The presumption about
science was that it is objective and that it progresses in a natural sequence or evolution. The unfolding of
our knowledge was thought to be dictated by nature, not by society. New discoveries were thought to
proceed and progress in a natural order. The same would be said about technology.
I expect to learn what the book meant about the question, “Is the Global Information Infrastructure
a Democratic Technology?” I also expect to learn about the issues that aroused from the question.
Book Review:
To start off, I will first define what Global Information Infrastructure is. According to Wikipedia,
Global Information Infrastructure is a global network of interconnected computers, enabling users to share
information along multiple channels. Typically, a computer that connects to the Internet can access
information from a vast array of available servers and other computers by moving information from them
to the computer's local memory. The same connection allows that computer to send information to
servers on the network; that information is in turn accessed and potentially modified by a variety of other
interconnected computers. In other words, Global Information Infrastructure is also known as the Internet.
This chapter holds up the question, “Is the Global Information Infrastructure a Democratic
Technology?” From what I understood, Global Information Infrastructure or the Internet is a Democratic
Technology, since people may have the freedom to express their ideas in the World Wide Web. People
may also get those ideas there. In my knowledge about Democracy, which is democracy is equal to
freedom, the Global Information Infrastructure or the Internet is a Democratic Technology.
What I learned:
I learned that the Global Information Infrastructure is also known as the Internet. I also learned
that the Global Information Infrastructure or the Internet is a Democratic Technology.
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• What does Global Information Infrastructure mean?

• What is Global Information Infrastructure also known as?
• What is a Democratic Technology?
• Is GII a Democratic Technology?
• Why so?
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Book Review: Applying Ethical and Moral Concepts and Theories to IT Contexts: Some Key Problems
and Challenges

Quote:
In the wake of the Enlightenment the emphasis in ethical theory has been for a long time on
systems and rules. Almost invariably, these rules were derived from some supposed “ethically perfect
world.” But ideal rules may workout very differently in (non-ideal) practice. That is, it may be the case that
such a rule will give rise to gliding scales, e.g., “ethical” and “unethical” cases ate so hard to separate by
observable criteria that it is better to forbid some cases that such a rule will give rise to gliding scales.
I expect to learn how to apply ethical and moral concepts and theories to IT contexts. I also
expect to learn the key problems and challenges they encounter.
Book Review:
In this chapter, it talks about how a person may apply ethical and moral concepts and theories to
IT contexts. It is written that there are three conditions in order to apply ethical and moral concepts and
theories in IT context. First is that, we must know what kind of concepts and theories can be applied, and
to what they cannot be sufficed. Second, we must know the limitations of specific concepts and theories.
We must not force the issue in order for the limitations of the specific concepts and theories to be
perfectly adequate and lastly, we must have sufficiently knowledge of the domain to which we want to
apply them so that we will not lack specific information that is very vital in the topic.
This chapter also talked about the problems that the Information Technology industry faces. An
example of which is that, not all theories are applicable. Some theories are applicable to this context but
unfortunately, not applicable for another context. This is a problem because there are few theories which
apply to any Information Technology context. That is why it is a problem.
I therefore conclude that theories and concept must most of the time, match in order for the
Information Technology industry lessen their problems which they are facing. I am not saying that these
problems will go away because problems are really there. We should face the fact that problems and
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challenges are always present regardless of what industry you are in. You just have to deal with it.
Lessen it as much as possible. Look for ways to minimize these problems.
What I learned:
I learned that there are three conditions in order to apply ethical and moral concepts and theories
in IT context. I also learned that problems are present and should be dealt with.
• How many conditions are there in order to apply ethical and moral concepts and theories in IT
context?
• What are they?
• What are the problems the IT Industry faces?
• Are their ways for them to be lessened?
• Why is it necessary for the theories to match the IT context?
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Book Review: Just Consequentialism and Computing

Quote:
The malleability of computers allows them to be used in novel and unexpected ways, ways for
which we frequently do not have formulated policies for controlling their use. Advancing computer
technology produces policy vacuums in its wake. And even when relevant policies do exist, they are
often ambiguous or inadequate as they were designed for times with a less versatile technology than
computing. A basic job of computer ethics is to identify this policy needs, clarify related conceptual
confusions, formulate appropriate new policies, and ethical justify them.
I expect to learn what Just Consequentialism and Computing meant. I also expect to learn the
importance of both.
Book Review:
I would start off by defining what Consequentialism mean. According to Wikipedia, refers to those
moral theories which hold that the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral
judgment about that action. Therefore Just Consequentialism is an act of underlying fair consequences to
an action done by a person.
From what I read and understood, this chapter talks about the fundamental ideology of ethical
thinking that can be applied in our nature of business as an Information Technology related student.
When we students get to the real world and face our future clients, we should always prioritize and
consider what my clients what regardless of how hard or how weird they want their projects to be and just
to comply with their requirements.
The issue that I can foresee here is that the issue between you as the programmer or developer
against the clients. Even though they have this “seems to be impossible” projects that they wants us to
do, we should still comply with it. It is our job to do it. As what the saying goes, “customers is always
right”, we actually have no choice but to follow them. We should set aside our feelings and wear the
“game-on face” and start working on it.
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What I learned:
I learned that Just Consequentialism refers to those moral theories which hold that the
consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action. I also
learned that we as programmers or developers must comply with what our clients want.
• What is Just Consequentialism?

• What is computing?
• What is Consequentialism alone?
• Is Just Consequentialism considered as an approach?
• If yes, how come?
•
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Book Review: The Internet as a Public Space: Concepts, Issues and Implications in Public Policy

Quote:
There has been much recent debate about what the internet really is – its role in society – as it
rapidly moves from a pure academic interest into the public domain. Of particular internet when it comes
to characterizing cyberspace is the way we look at the public services that are being created with the
internet. Naturally, since the internet is part of the national and global telecommunications infrastructure,
many tend to classify the internet’s services into traditional media types. One of the earlier voices in this
debate (Camp and Riley, 1996) argues, however, that this classification hardly works well. In fact,
previous work illustrates, using events at several universities that neither create protected spaces
nor encourage open dialogue. A different model, based on treating virtual spaces as their physical
counterparts, would better serve both the organizations and the individuals (Camp and Riley, 1996). We
extend this work by focusing on the internet’s public spaces, and the threats and promises of mapping
physical spatial models onto virtual space.
I expect to learn the concepts, issues and implications of the internet as a public space. I also
expect to learn the importance of all of them.
Book Review:
I would begin by stating a simple definition of the Internet. According to Wikipedia, the Internet is
a global network of interconnected computers, enabling users to share information along multiple
channels. Typically, a computer that connects to the Internet can access information from a vast array of
available servers and other computers by moving information from them to the computer's local memory.
The same connection allows that computer to send information to servers on the network; that information
is in turn accessed and potentially modified by a variety of other interconnected computers. A majority of
widely accessible information on the Internet consists of inter-linked hypertext documents and other
resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). In other words, the Internet is really a public space since
anyone regardless of its age; neither race nor gender may able to use it just as long as they have the
necessary equipment in doing so. The Internet is a very big help for everyone because the Internet is an
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information gateway. It is an Information Gateway because people may retrieve information and provide
information as well.
Now a days, the Internet is not just for gathering Information. The Internet is also now used for
socializing, selling, buying, etc. There are now social network websites that are present. Examples are:
Facebook, Friendster, Multiply, and a whole lot more. For selling and buying, there are also
entrepreneurial websites available. An example of which is E-Bay, Amazon, Entrepreneur, etc.
What I learned:
I learned that the Internet is a public space since anyone can use it just as long as that person
has the right equipment. I also learned that the internet is an information gateway because a person can
either provide information or get information in the web.
• What is the Internet?

• What are the concepts of the Internet as a public space?
• Is the Internet a public space?
• What are the ethical issues of the Internet as a public space?
• Does the Internet have different functions?
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Book Review: The Laws of Cyberspace

Quote:
This is the age of the cyber-libertarian. It is a time when certain hype about cyberspace has
caught on. The hype goes like this: Cyberspace is unavoidable, and yet cyberspace is unregulable. No
nation can live without it, yet no nation will be able to control behavior in it. Cyberspace is that place
where individuals are, inherently, free from the control of real space sovereigns. It is, in the words of
James Boyles, the great techno-“gotcha” nations of the world, you can’t live without it, but nations of the
world, when you’ve got it, you won’t long live with it.
I expect to learn what the laws of cyberspace are. I also expect to learn the importance of these
laws and how to apply it in my life.
Book Review:
What is Cyberspace? Before I begin, I would first define what Cyberspace is. According to
Wikipedia, Cyberspace is the global domain of electro-magnetics accessed through electronic technology
and exploited through the modulation of electromagnetic energy to achieve a wide range of
communication and control system capabilities. In layman’s term, Cyberspace serves as a passageway of
bits of information that is being transferred in the internet.
This chapter talks about the laws of Cyberspace. The article is saying that the laws of
Cyberspace are very much important because this is what makes it organized. Without these laws, there
will be a tendency that it will be chaotic. The laws serve as guidelines for online users. We should abide
these laws so that the maintenance of the Cyberspace will still continue.
What I learned:
I learned that Cyberspace serves as a passageway of bits of information that is being transferred
in the internet. Laws are very important when we talk about Cyberspace. We should always abide to
these laws in order for it to become organized.
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• What is Cyberspace?
• What are the laws of Cyberspace?
• Are the laws important?
• How important are the laws?
• Is Cyberspace related to the Internet?
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Book Review: Of Black Holes and Decentralized Law-Making in Cyberspace

Quote:
The task of identifying the alternative rule-makers for purposes of normative comparison is made
even more difficult than this because cyberspace, having emerged from decentralized disorder – from the
primordial ooze of the internet engineering task force – many well create conditions that the favour the
growth of powerful centralizing forces. The state of Virginia will soon discover that its anti-spam statute
has little effect on the amount of spam that its citizens receive, because while spam originating anywhere
on the network can easily make its way into Virginia, spam originating elsewhere, i.e. outside of Virginia’s
borders – is largely immune to Virginia’s control. The same will be true to a federal anti-spam statute (if
such statute is enacted), just on a grander scale. We can already write the headline.
I expect to learn what the book meant about black holes. I also expect to learn that this chapter
will explain this thoroughly.
Book Review:
I was shocked and amused at the same time when I first read the title. I was thinking how black
holes are related in ethics. I was curious on what does the black hole symbolizes.
After reading the book, I learned that the term “black hole” that was used in the title were the
problems people face in cyberspace. There’s this story written in the article about Tom Field. Tom Field is
a professor. Tom Field’s email address was listed in the RBL or the Real-time Black Hole List. Because of
that, Tom Field was not allowed to send his personal emails to anyone since this RBL or the Real-time
Black Hole List thinks that his email is a spam. Spam is an electronic mail which is considered as
unwanted mail. In Yahoo! Mail, they enhanced their program by adding a feature wherein your spam
mails are automatically re-directed in a folder named “spam”. With this kind of feature, you will not be
anymore bombarded with spam mails in your inbox.
The ethical issue that is really present here is whether this RBL or the Real-time Black Hole List is
a beneficial thing or a harmful thing. Even though the intention of the RBL or the Real-time Black Hole List
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is good which is preventing a person receive small mails firsthand, we cannot purely say that it is
beneficial because like what happened to Tom Fields, he was not able to send even real emails because
what the RBL or the Real-time Black Hole List thought that it is a spam mail.
What I learned:
I learned that there are still ethical issues that arise even in Cyberspace. I also learned that the
RBL or the Real-time Black Hole List can prevent a person from receiving spam mails.
• What is RBL?
• What does RBL do?
• Is RBL an ethical issue?
• Why is RBL an ethical issue?
• What is a spam mail?
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Book Review: Fahrenheit 451.2: Is Cyberspace Burning?

Quote:
The scenario is, for now, theoretical- but inevitable. It is clear that any scheme that allows access
to unrated speech will fall afoul the government-coerced push for a family friendly internet. We are
moving inexorably toward a system that blocks speech simply because it is unrated and makes criminals
of those who mis-rate.
I expect to learn what the book meant about Cyberspace is burning. I also expect that this topic id
related to the problems that are occurring in the Cyberspace.
Book Review:
I was interested when I saw the title. The question re-entered my mind. Is Cyberspace really
burning? I immediately understood that what the chapter really meant. The chapter meant was that
Cyberspace is burning because of the harmful sites that are present today. One of the harmful sites that
is the most popular and widely-spread is Porn Sites. Now a day, there are Porn Sites which do not even
need age verification. It is very open to anybody. Present day teenagers are most likely open to the
Internet. With these kinds of harmful sites at hand to the public, Cyberspace might just literally burn up.
To be honest, when I was under-aged, I myself, engaged with those kinds of sites. I was able to enter
websites even though they have age verifications. I just fake my date of birth, and in an instant, you are
inside the site.
This is one of the big issues that Cyberspace is facing now. If you ask the majority about what
they feel towards porn sites, most of them will tell you that it is completely wrong. But what about those
who put up the sites themselves? What if they did that just to earn money to feed their family? That is why
an ethical issue is present here. Are porn sites good or bad?
If my opinion is to be asked, I would definitely say that Porn sites are not healthy in the Internet
since many minors are engaged in the Internet. But what if I place myself in the people who develop porn
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sites? Some of them are saying that it is not bad since the people who are in the porn sites was not
forced to do it but is in their own liking.
What I learned:
I learned that harmful sites are the ones who cause big problems that the Cyberspace is facing. I
learned that the most popular and widely spread harmful sites are the porn sites.
• Is the Cyberspace really burning up?

• What do they mean about the Cyberspace is burning?
• What are the harmful sites that cause problems in Cyberspace?
• Are porn sites, harmful sites?
• Is there an ethical issue on porn sites?
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Book Review: Filtering the Internet in the USA: Free Speech Denied

Quote:
Thus, access criteria are preset by the product manufacturer and can be altered by the regular
downloading of updates or even altered, for certain of the filters, by the active user. Not surprisingly, most
users, especially busy parents, are likely to use the default criteria and therefore have minimal awareness
of which sites and newsgroups are not accessible. Since blocking and filtering programs are commonly
available, the focus of this paper will be on their use; however, also of importance, and potentially more
dangerous, are rating programs, analogous to systems in place for movies and television. Two systems
are intended to first encourage and later require websites and newsgroups to rate themselves along a
number of dimensions for example includes nudity, sex, violence, and language. Browsers and search
engines could then be programmed to return or access sites and newsgroups that satisfy a preset profile.
The dangers associated with self-rating schemes will be discussed later in this paper.
I expect to learn what the book meant about Filtering the Internet in the USA: Free Speech
Denied.
Book Review:
This chapter talks about filtering the internet in the USA. First, I would define what Web Filtering
is. Web Filtering is the act of eliminating and controlling of restricted information that goes in the Web. I
saw a soft ware named Content-control software wherein according to Wikipedia, is a term for software
designed and optimized for controlling what content is permitted to a reader, especially when it is used to
restrict material delivered over the Web. Content-control software determines what content will be
available on a particular machine or network; the motive is often to prevent persons from viewing content
which the computer's owner(s) or other authorities may consider objectionable; when imposed without the
consent of the user, content control can constitute censorship. In other words, this software is used to
control the content that enters the web. It also removes the restricted content.
What I understand about the title is that, it is impossible for it to filter out the Internet of the United
States of America because I guess it is the largest Internet user population in the whole world. Well, I
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guess they chose to state United States of America in the title because in my opinion, America has the
most number of people accessing restricted content. That is why it is written, “Free Speech Denied” in the
title. It seems impossible to filter out the Internet of America.
What I learned:
I learned that filtering is a process wherein it cleanses out restricted content in the Internet. I also
learned that there is software which is responsible for filtering out the contents in the Internet.
Integrative Question:
• What is filtering?
• Is it beneficial?
• What is the name of the software that is responsible for filtering out restricted content?
• Is it impossible to filter out America?
• Why is there a need for filtering?
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Book Review: Censorship, the Internet, and the Child Pornography Law of 1996: A Critique

Quote:
“When the law speaks universally, then, and a case arises in it which is not covered by the
universal statement, then it is right, where the legislator fails us and has erred by over-simplicity,
to correct the omission- to say what the legislator himself would have said he had been present,
and would have put into his law if he had known.”
Aristotle
I expect to learn about Censorship, the Internet, and the Child Pornography Law of 1996. I also
expect to learn its role in cyber ethics.
Book Review:
Pornography itself is bad enough for me but Child Pornography, this is out of hand. In the World
Wide Web, Child Pornography is just around of every corner. What I mean is that Child Pornography is,
as you all can see, is at almost in any pornographic website.
Well, this chapter talks about how Censorship, the Internet, and the Child Pornography Law of
1996 may help lessen the wide-spread if Cyber Porn as I may call it. To start off, what is Censorship?
According to Wikipedia, Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material
which may be considered objectionable, harmful or sensitive, as determined by a censor. In other words,
Censorship serves as a tool in removing or filtering out potentially harmful information based on what the
censor thinks. In this chapter, Censorship plays the role as the one who filter outs the Pornography that is
available in the World Wide Web. The Internet here, the tool used to deliver out Pornography. It was
served as a bridge in order for the people to view or engage themselves with harmful sites and lastly, the
Child Pornography Law of 1996 are for the people who are hard-headed and still will not abide the law.
30
What I learned:
I learned that people from the Porn Industry are not contented of what they already popularized,
which is porn, but they took it to the next level by endorsing Child Pornography. I learned that there is a
law about Child Pornography and people from the Porn Industry must abide to this law.
• What does Censorship mean?

• What is the Child Pornography Law of 1996?
• What is the role of Censorship?
• What is the role of the Internet?
• What is the role of the Child Pornography Law of 1996?
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Book Review: PICS: Internet Access Controls Without Censorship

Quote:
On the Internet, we can do still better, with richer labels that reflect diverse view points, and more
flexible selection criteria. PICS, the platform for internet content selection, establish internet conventions
for label formats and distribution methods while dictating neither a labeling vocabulary nor who should
pay attention to which labels. It is analogous to specifying where on a package a label should appear, and
in what font it should be printed, without specifying what is should say.
I expect to learn what PICS is. I also expect to learn what Internet Access Controls Without
Censorship is and if it important.
Book Review:
To start off, I will first explain what PICS is. It is written in the article that PICS is a compatible
software that can implement selective blocking in various ways. First way is that, to build it into the
browser on each computer, as announced by Microsoft and Netscape. Secondly, one used in
products such as CyberPatrol and SurfWatch – is to perform this operation as part of each computer’s
network protocol stack and lastly, is to perform the operation somewhere in the network, for example at a
proxy server used in a combination with a firewall. To summarize it all up, PICS is responsible for
protecting online users from accessing harmful sites.
Can administrators of the World Wide Web censor all the harmful sites that are present in the
World Wide Web? Well, I guess not. Some people always manages to put harmful sites in the web even
though it is filtered already, some place nasty ads on wholesome sites just to advertize their harmful sites.
Some even use applications just to inform the public about that site.
What I learned:
I learned that PICS is a compatible software that can implement selective blocking in various
ways according to the text given. I also learned that there are 3 ways to implement selective blocking. I
32
also learned that not every harmful site are being filtered out by the administrators of the World Wide Web
since many people still manages to insert their unpleasant sites for marketing purposes.
• What is PICS?
• What can PICS do?
• What are the various ways to implement selective blocking?
• What is selective blocking?
• Can every pornographic site in the Internet be filtered out?
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Book Review: Internet Service Providers and Defamation: New Standards of Liability

Quote:
The one ambiguity in all of this is the need to factor into our analysis of responsibility the
difficulties and costs that are involved in preventing harm or rendering aid to someone else. What are the
limits of responsibility in cases like this one? How much time and money should ISP’s be expected to
spend on investigating allegations of defamation? These are pertinent questions with no easy answers.
However, I would argue that while it will be somewhat costly to take these investigative steps promptly
and efficiently, economic feasibility does not seem to be issue at this point unless the incidence of
defamation in cyberspace reaches epidemic proportions. The critical importance of protecting private
reputation must be weighed against the modest cost of post-screening.
I expect to learn what Internet Service Providers are. I also expect to learn Defamation. I also
expect to learn the importance of both.
Book Review:
Let me begin by providing a definition for Internet Service Provider. According to Wikipedia,
Internet Service Provider or ISP is a company that offers its customers an access to the Internet. The ISP
connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering Internet
Protocol datagrams, such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem or dedicated high-speed interconnects. In other
words, the Internet Service Provider or ISP serves as a bridge for the customer to be able to connect to
the Internet. The Internet Service Provider or ISP uses tool such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem, etc.
Next word that came up is Defamation. What is Defamation? According to Wikipedia, Defamation
is the communication of a statement that makes a claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that
may give an individual, business, product, group, government or nation a negative image. It is often, but
not always, it is also a requirement that this claim be false, and, or alternatively, that the publication is
made to someone other than the person defamed. In other words, Defamation is a statement wherein it
can ruin somebody’s image.
34
So what connects the ISP and Defamation? Late Philosophers said that ISP may lead to
Defamation since they are responsible for passing through Defamation messages in the World Wide
Web.
What I learned:
I learned that ISP serves as a bridge for the customer to be able to connect to the Internet. The
Internet Service Provider or ISP uses tool such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem, etc.
• What is the definition of Internet Service Provider or ISP?

• What does it do?
• What is the relationship of ISP and Defamation?
• What is Defamation?
• What do they do to minimize Defamation?
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Book Review: Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Quote:
Identification of the material that has been removed or to which access has been disabled and
the location at which the material appeared before it was removed or access to it was disabled. A
statement under penalty of perjury that the subscriber has a good faith belief that the material was
removed or disabled as a result of mistake or misidentification of the material to be removed or disabled.
The subscriber’s name, address, and telephone number, and a statement that the subscriber consents to
the jurisdiction of federal district court for the juridical district in which the address is located, or if the
subscriber’s address is outside of the united states, for any juridical district in which the service provider
may be found, and that the subscriber will accept service of process from the person who provided
notification under subsection or an agent of such person.
I expect to learn what Digital Millennium Copyright Act is. I also expect to learn the importance of
Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Book Review:
Well, from the looks of it, this chapter talks about the Copyright Act. For one, why is there a need
to Copyright? In my ethics class, we talked about how important copyright is. If you are an inventor or a
writer, or a developer, or someone who creates their own projects, is it alright for you if someone copied
your work and took the all the credit? I bet you wouldn’t hesitate to say no. The Copyright Act serves as a
written evidence of the specific consequence that someone will receive if he/she tries to infringe
someone’s project or work.
For inventors, writers, developers, designers, and anyone who creates their own projects, and are
afraid to be infringed by another person, this Copyright Act is the one for you. It will help you not get
outsmarted nor get picked on by people who are subjected to copyright infringement.
What I learned:
36
I learned that the Copyright Act serves as a written evidence of the specific consequence that
someone will receive if he/she tries to infringe someone’s project or work.
• What is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act?

• Will it benefit the public?
• How will it benefit the public?
• What is the act of copying someone’s work without prior notice called?
• What are the consequences for the people who are guilty of copyright infringement?
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Book Review: Note on the DeCSS Trial

Quote:
The DeCSS trial, which concluded in mid-August 2000, has tested the scope and constitutionality
of the anti-circumvention provision included in Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act
(DMCA). The questions triggered by this case go to the heart of the debate about intellectual property
protection on the Internet. Is DeCSS no more than a piracy tool that enables widespread copying of DVD
files? Or does it merely enable “fair use” of DVD media by allowing DVD formatted movies to be played
on computers with unsupported operating systems such as Linux.
I expect to learn what DeCSS Trial is. I also expect to learn the importance DeCSS Trial. I also
expect that this chapter will briefly discuss the Note on the DeCSS Trial.
Book Review:
In complete honesty, I had no idea or whatsoever, about the topic, DeCSS. When I looked for
DeCSS in Wikipedia, it gave out this result. DeCSS is a computer program capable of decrypting content
on a DVD-Video disc encrypted using the Content-Scrambling System (CSS). In other words, DeCSS is a
software used to decrypt encrypted content.
After searching the meaning of DeCSS in Wikipedia, something entered my mind. I automatically
made an assumption that there is an ethical issue in using DeCSS. Well of course there is because
obviously, DeCSS is pro-piracy. They copy movies and burn them out in a DVD and sell to the public.
Well, for people who can afford go to the movies, when you think about DeCSS, you’ll say that it is wrong
because it is piracy and it just copies what is in the cinemas. But if you put your place in the people who
can’t afford to go to the movies or even people who sells DVD’s for a living, try to put your place in their
shoes. When this issue comes up, they will say that it is not wrong because it benefits them. It gives
income to be able to feed their family. They would also say that it would help them because it is a
cheaper kind of recreation.
Now a days, people tend to buy DVD’s rather than going to the movies since there are lot of
better deals with DVD’s. First, you may watch it as many times as you want. Next, you can watch it at the
38
comfort of your own home. Next, you have the power to pause the film, playback and go forward with
DVD’s. Lastly, you may have the chance to watch it alone.
What I learned:
I learned that it DeCSS is a software used to decrypt encrypted content.
• What is DeCSS?
• Why was it used in this chapter?
• What are the issues that aroused from the topic?
• What are the two websites that encounters problem with swapping of MP3?
• What is fair use?
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Book Review: A Politics of Intellectual Property: Environmentalism for the Net?

Quote:
Beyond the failures in the decision-making process lie failures in the way that we think about the
issues. The environmental movement gained much of its persuasive power by pointing out that there
were structural reasons that we were likely to make bad environmental decisions; a legal system based
on a particular notion of what “private property” entailed, and an engineering or scientific system that
treated the world as a simple, linearly, related set of causes and effects. In both of these conceptual
systems, the environment actually disappeared; there was no place for it in the analysis. Small surprise
then that we did not preserve it very well. I have argued that the same is true about the public domain.
The fundamental aporia in the economic analysis of information issues, the source-blindness of an
“original author” – centered model or property rights, and the political blindness to the importance of the
public domain disappear, first in concept and then, increasingly, as a reality.
I expect to learn the Politics of Intellectual Property is. I also expect to learn the importance of
Politics of Intellectual Property.
Book Review:
I’ll start off by defining what Intellectual Property is. According to Wikipedia, Intellectual Property
is legal property rights over creations of the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the corresponding
fields of law. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of
intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; ideas, discoveries and inventions; and
words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights,
trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets. In other words, Intellectual Property is
intangible things that you rightfully own. Examples of which are thoughts, dreams, etc.
What I learned:
I learned that Intellectual Property is intangible things that you rightfully own. Examples of which
are thoughts, dreams, etc.
40
• What is Intellectual Property?

• What are examples of Intellectual Property?
• What is Environmentalism?
• How is it related to Intellectual Property?
• Do the have differences of some sort?
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Book Review: Intellectual Property, Information, and the Common Good

Quote:
Intellectual property is an odd notion, almost an oxymoron. Property usually refers to tangible
assets which over someone has or claims control. Originally it meant land. Now it could also refer to a
car, a milling machine, a jacket, or a toothbrush. In all these cases the property claim is
of control of the physical entity. If I claim a plot of land as my property, I am saying I can control who has
access to that land and what they do there. I can build a fence around it, rent it out, or drill it for oil on it. If
a car is my property, I get the keys to it. I can exclude others from using it and use it myself for whatever I
want, as long as I do not threaten the lives or property of others. Intellectual property is different because
its object is something intangible, although it usually has tangible expression. The intellectual property in
a book is not the physical paper and ink, but the arrangement of words that the ink marks on the paper
represent. The ink marks can be translated into regions of magnetic polarization on a computer disk.
I expect to learn the Politics of Intellectual Property, Information, and the Common Good are. I
also expect to learn the importance of Intellectual Property, Information, and the Common Good.
Book Review:
We already know what Intellectual Property is about in the previous chapter. Now I would start by
explaining what the Common Good is. According to Wikipedia, Common Good is a term that can refer to
several different concepts. In the popular meaning, the common good describes a specific "good" that is
shared and beneficial for all (or most) members of a given community. This is also how the common good
is broadly defined in philosophy, ethics, and political science. However there is no strict definition of the
common good for each situation. The good that is common between person A and person B may not be
the same as between person A and person C. Thus the common good can often change, although there
are some things such as the basic requirements for staying alive: food, water, and shelter - that are
always good for all people. In other words, the Common Good is the thing that the majority benefits from
in the community. It is what is similar from them.
42
What I learned:
I learned that the Common Good is the thing that the majority benefits from in the community. It is
what is similar from them.

• What is Information?
• What is the Common Good?
• What is Lockean Theory?
• What is Hegelian Theory?
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Book Review: Is Copyright Ethical? An Examination of the Theories, Laws, and Practices
Regarding the Private Ownership of Intellectual Work in the United States

Quote:
To provide a basis for this examination, some varying constructions of rights, property, and intellectual
property will be presented along with a brief history of copyright in the United States. The copyright
legislation passed by 105th Congress will be discussed as well as some current international aspects of
intellectual property. Then, with both theory and practice at hand, we will proceed to the ethical
examination. Sadly we will be unable to reach a conclusion on whether all aspects of intellectual property
are the matter of ethics, but we will have found that copyright in the United States is an economic regime
that pays homage to ethics only when it wishes to invoke a higher ground than economic damages for
reasons to obey the copyright law.
I expect to learn whether copyright is ethical. I also expect to learn why did it question whether
copyright is ethic.
Book Review:
In my opinion, copyright is very much ethical because, according to the one of ten 10
commandments of computer ethics which is, Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources
without authorization. Copyrighting a work will prevent a person disobey this chapter because it is written
in the 10 commandments that it is not right to mess with other people’s computer resources. According to
Wikipedia, According to Wikipedia, Copyright is a form of intellectual property which gives the creator of
an original work exclusive right for a certain time period in relation to that work, including its publication,
distribution and adaptation; after which time the work is said to enter the public domain. Copyright applies
to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete. Some jurisdictions also
recognize "moral rights" of the creator of a work, such as the right to be credited for the work.
44
What I learned:
I learned that copyright is ethical because it prevents a person from disobeying the 10
commandments of computer ethics. I also learned that copyright is a form of intellectual property.
• Is copyright ethical?
• What is copyright?
• Is copyright a form of intellectual property?
• What are the two things that copyright do not support and protect?
• What are the theories of intellectual property?
45
HANDBOOK
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THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS
Book Review: Foundations of Information Ethics
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599
Quote:
Socrates already argued that a moral agent is naturally interested in gaining as much valuable
information as the circumstances require, and that a well-informed agent is more likely to do the right
thing. The ensuing “ethical intellectualism” analyzes evil and morally wrong behavior as the outcome of
deficient information.
I expect to learn the different foundation of Information Ethics and how this can help a person be
more ethical.
Book Review:
This chapter talks about the foundations of Information Ethics. To start off, I would like to discuss
what Information Ethics is. According to Wikipedia, Information Ethics is the field that investigates the
ethical issues arising from the development and application of information technologies. It provides a
critical framework for considering moral issues concerning informational privacy, moral agency (e.g.
whether artificial agents may be moral), new environmental issues (especially how agents should one
behave in the infosphere), problems arising from the life-cycle (creation, collection, recording, distribution,
processing, etc.) of information (especially ownership and copyright, digital divide). Information Ethics is
related to the fields of computer ethics and the philosophy of information. In other words, Information
Ethics is a basis for the Information Technology industry. This tells an I.T. Professional on what to do and
if it is ethical to do it.
In this chapter as well, it talked about the RPT model or the Resource Product Target model. This
model has 3 components. First component is the Info-resource. Info- resource as what its name said is
where the person gets its information. Secondly, is the Info-product. Info- product covers moral issues
that arise and lastly, the Info-target. Info-target of Information environment analyzes the world of hacking.
Other form of security also lies here.
What I learned:
I learned that Information Ethics is the basis Ethics is a basis for the Information Technology
industry. This tells an I.T. Professional on what to do and if it is ethical to do it. I also learned that the RPT
model has 3 stages namely the Info-resource, Info-product and the Info-target.
47
• What does Information Ethic mean?

• What is the RPT Model?
• What does Info-resource mean?
• What does Info-product mean?
• What does Info-target mean?
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Book Review: Milestone in the History of Information and Computer Ethics
Quote:
Wiener realized that the new science and technology that he and his colleagues were creating
would have “enormous potential for good and for evil.” He predicted that, after the war, the new
information technology would dramatically change the world just as much as the Industrial Revolution had
done in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Wiener predicted a “second industrial revolution,” an
“automatic age,” that would generate a staggering number of new ethical challenges and opportunities.
I expect to learn the milestone in the history of Information and Computer Ethics and how relevant
this is in the book. I want to know if how important to know the history of Information and Computer
Ethics. I also want to know if this will benefit the Information Technology Industry.
Book Review:
Information Ethics was born in the middle of the Second World War two according to the article
given. It said that it was unintentional and almost an accident because the creator, Norbert Wiener,
together with his fellow scientists, were creating an anti-aircraft cannon that would allow to spot an aircraft
and eliminate it as well. This made Norbert Wiener think that in making this anti-aircraft cannon has its
positive and negative side. Since ethics is the study of distinguishing something from good or bad, it gave
Norbert Weiner and his colleagues an idea that the anti-aircraft cannon is a potential for good or for evil.
Norbert Weiner and his fellow scientists created two books which talks about the social and ethical
impacts of the new information technologies. Little did Norbert Weiner know that he already made the
foundations of information ethics and cyber ethics. That is why it was said earlier that it was unintentional
and almost an accident when Norbert Wiener and his fellow scientist created the Information Ethics.
What I Learned:
I learned that Norbert Wiener created the Information Ethics during the Second World War. I also
learned that it was an accident because they were creating this so-called anti-aircraft cannon that would
allow eliminating an enemy’s aircraft and from that thing, the Information Ethics was born.
49
• Who created Information Ethics?

• What triggered Norbert Wiener to create it?
• When was it created?
• Was Norbert Weiner aware that he was able to the foundations of Information and Cyber Ethics?
• What can the anti-aircraft cannon do?
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Book Review: Moral Methodology and Information Technology
Quote:
I think the way we ought to proceed in the ethics of IT is not very different from the way we ought
to proceed in other departments of ethics of technology and engineering1, although there are certainly
differences between the moral problems occasioned by different types of technology and there are
certainly specific properties of computers that need to be accommodated in our moral thinking about
them.
I expect to learn the meaning of moral methodology and the deeper meaning of Information
Technology.
Book Review:
This beginning of this chapter talks about cyber ethics. It gave us the definition that Cyber Ethics
is a form of applied or practical ethics. It studies the moral questions that are associated with the
development, application, and use of computers and computer science. Computer ethics exemplifies, like
many other areas of applied and professional ethics, the increasing interest among professionals, public
policy makers, and academic philosophers in real-life ethical questions. In other words, Cyber Ethics is a
study wherein it focuses on the moral questions of computer professionals. At least that’s what I
understood.
This chapter tells us readers that there is a big argument when we talk about using the computer.
There is always something good or something bad whenever you use the computer. An example of a
good thing that a computer is capable of doing is it helps people hasten their workloads since the
computer has many features installed in it. It also has a World Wide Web application which users can surf
the internet and look for stuff that the need or want to know. Aside from the positive side of using the
internet, there is also a negative side. People now a days, use the computer to mingle with other people’s
files. A computer may also infringe something. A computer may also copy an original work and distribute
it. Here is where the cyber ethics comes in. Cyber Ethics informs the users the stuff which is good from
stuff that is bad.
51
What I learned:
I learned that the computer is not purely to help a person out. It has also its negative side. I also
learned that a computer now a days is not just for hastening things up but sometimes for illegal stuff
which could harm people as well. I also learned that Cyber Ethics deals with this kind of problem.
• What is the definition of Cyber Ethics?

• Does this help solve the problem between determining whether the function of a computer is for
the good or not?
• What is the study of moral questions that are associated with the development, application, and
use of computers and computer science?
• What is generalism?
• What is PACS?
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Book Review: Value Sensitive Design and Information Systems
Quote:
What is wrong, I think, is that we have permitted technological metaphors . . . and technique itself
to so thoroughly pervade our thought processes that we have finally abdicated to technology the very
duty to formulate questions. . .. Where a simple man might ask: “Do we need these things?”, technology
asks “what electronic wizardry will make them safe?” Where a simple man will ask “is it good?”,
technology asks “will it work?”
I expect to learn what a value sensitive design is and how it helps the Information Technology
industry.
Book Review:
This chapter begins by explain what a Value Sensitive Design is. According to the book, A Value
Sensitive Design, or VSD, is a theoretically grounded approach to the design of technology that accounts
for human values in a principled and comprehensive manner throughout the design process. It employs
an integrative and iterative tripartite methodology, consisting of conceptual, empirical, and technical
investigations. In other words, a Value Sensitive Design or VSD helps out a person determine its human
values based on the approach given by the Value Sensitive Design or VSD. This Value Sensitive Design
derived 3 case studies. The first study handles the information and controls the web browser cookies.
This study checks whether the information passes or not. The second study suggests using high-
definition plasma or what I believe a Television set or a computer to help picture out or visualize what
reality is. Lastly, the third study is the use of environmental simulation systems in order to be precise in
making big decisions which involves land and other environmental issues. In this way, it implies fairness,
accountability, etc.
I therefore conclude that a Value Sensitive Design or VSD is a tool which helps promote the
betterment of a nation. This may help places to become more peaceful and well-organize.
53
What I learned:
I learned that a Value Sensitive Design is a tool which helps promote the betterment of a nation.
This may help places to become more peaceful and well-organize. I also learned that it has three case
studies which each case has its unique suggestion.
• What does VSD stand for?

• What does a VSD do?
• Does it help make a place better?
• How many case studies does VSD have?
• What does value mean?
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Book Review: Personality-Based, Rule-Utilitarian, and Lockean Justifications of Intellectual Property
Quote:
The bundle of rights conferred on patents owners are the right to make, the right to use, the right
to sell, and the right to authorize others to sell the patented item. Moreover, the bundle of rights conferred
by a patent exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention regardless of independent
creation.
I expect to learn what Personality-Based, Rule-Utilitarian, and Lockean Justifications of

Intellectual Property mean.
Book Review:
This chapter started off by explaining to us readers what Intellectual Property means. According
to the text given, Intellectual property is generally characterized as nonphysical property that is the
product of cognitive processes and whose value is based upon some idea or collection of ideas.
Typically, rights do not surround the abstract nonphysical entity, or res, of intellectual property; rather,
intellectual property rights surround the control of physical manifestations or expressions. Systems of
intellectual property protect rights to ideas by protecting rights to produce and control physical
embodiments of those ideas. In other words, Intellectual Property is not actually a thing we can hold but
an intangible benefit that was given to us. As stated in Wikipedia, it is a legal property right which is
created by the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the corresponding fields of law. This means that it
is all in the mind. Examples of intangible benefits that we are entitled to is literature, music, ideas,
inventions, discoveries, and a whole lot more.
Another part of the chapter discusses about Property Right. According to Wikipedia, Property
Right is a right given to a property owner wherein he/she can consume, sell, rent, mortgage, transfer and
exchange his or her property. It is important to know your rights in order for you to not be treated as
rubbish and may live in justice.
55
What I Learned:
I learned that Intellectual Property is not a tangible thing that we can hold on to. Like what
Wikipedia said, it is created by the mind. I also learned that Property Right is a right given to a property
owner wherein he/she can consume, sell, rent, mortgage, transfer and exchange his or her property.

• What is Property Right?
• Is Intellectual Property just a state of mind?
• Is Property Right important for us readers to know about it?
• How important is it?
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Book Review: Informational Privacy: Concepts, Theories, and Controversies
Quote:
We demand recognition of our right to privacy, we complain when privacy is invaded, yet we
encounter difficulties immediately [when] we seek to explain what we mean by privacy, what is the area,
the content of privacy, what is outside that area, what constitutes a loss of privacy, a loss to which we
have consented, a justified loss, an unjustified loss.
—H.J. McCloskey (1985, p. 343)
I expect to learn what the different concepts, theories and controversies of Informational and how
important it is to know these things.
Book Review:
I believe that this chapter talks about privacy and how privacy should be properly dealt with. The
chapter started out by explaining the real concept of privacy to us readers. According to H,J, McCloskey,
the concept of privacy is that people demand the right to privacy but we do not exactly know what privacy
is. We are not that sure if our privacy is being invaded or not. That’s what I understood from the quote
stored above. After determining the concept of privacy, the book tells us 4 distinct kinds of privacy. It is
written that the 4 kinds are physical, decisional, psychological and informational privacy. According to an
article written by Samuel Warren and Louis Bradeis, Physical Privacy is defined as the freedom a person
enjoys from sensory intrusion, which is “achieved thanks to restrictions on others, ability to have bodily
interactions with (that person).” This means that physical privacy lives up to its name which is physical.
The next kind is the Decisional privacy. Floridi defines Decisional privacy as a freedom from procedural
interference, achieved thanks to the exclusion of others from decisions (concerning, e.g., education,
health care, career, work, marriage, faith)”. This means that a person enjoys everything that concerns the
examples given above. Next is the Psychological privacy which is defined by Regan as protecting one’s
intimate thoughts. This means that psychological privacy focuses on the mental side of you. Lastly,
Informational privacy, according to Floridi, is defined as “freedom from epistemic interference” that is
achieved when there is a restriction on “facts” about someone that are “unknown.”
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What I learned:
I learned that privacy has its 4 distinct kind namely Physical privacy, Decisional privacy,
Psychological privacy and lastly, Informational Privacy.
• What is the concept of Privacy?

• What is Physical privacy?
• What is Decisional privacy?
• What is Psychological privacy?
• What is Informational privacy?
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Book Review: Online Anonymity
Quote:
One is the thought that anonymity could be the byproduct of sheer size as when one is among a
throng of people who don’t know one another. The other is the thought that anonymity could be the
byproduct of complex social organization, where society is organized such that one’s social locations are
dispersed and not necessarily connected with one another; for example, one’s work environment may be
disconnected from or not overlapped with one’s familial locations.
I expect to learn what Online Anonymity is. I also expect to learn that it is somehow related to
privacy since I think that anonymity is closely related to privacy.
Book Review:
Basically, this chapter speaks of Anonymity. We should first describe what Anonymity is.
According to Wikipedia, Anonymity is derived from the Greek word ανωνυµία, meaning "without a name"
or "namelessness". In colloquial use, the term typically refers to a person, and often means that the
personal identity or personally identifiable information of that person is not known. In layman’s terms,
anonymity is simply described as someone unknown.
This chapter argues whether Anonymity is right or wrong. It is written that, there are things which
make Anonymity a good thing but there also things which cause bad things to occur. It is also written that
it is one of the problems that the technology world faces now a days because they are unsure whether
this person will do good or be harmful.
One thing that I think will benefit something out of Anonymity is your privacy. With this, people
would not know that it is you. But the bad thing about it is that, crimes may be committed since people
would not have an idea who that person is.
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What I learned:
What I learned from this chapter is how the importance of Anonymity. I also learned that
Anonymity has its positive side and its negative side.
• What is Anonymity?
• Is it related to Privacy?
• Why is it related to Privacy?
• Does Anonymity have its good side?
• Does Anonymity have its bad side?
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Book Review: Ethical Issues Involving Computer Security: Hacking, Hacktivism, and Counterhacking
Quote:
At first glance, it might seem obvious that hacking is wrong. Although the more malicious of these
acts involve serious wrongs because of the harm they cause, all are wrong because they constitute a
digital trespass onto the property of another person. Unauthorized entry into some other person’s
computer seems not relevantly different than uninvited entry onto the land of another person. Real
trespass is morally wrong, regardless of whether it results in harm, because it violates the owner’s
property right to control the uses to which her land is put and hence to exclude other people from its use.
I expect to learn how hacking became ethical. I want to know the good side if it because what I
know now is that, hacking is really wrong.
Book Review:
In complete honesty, I was amazed when I read this chapter. I saw that hacking could be ethical
as well. Well, we all know that the nature of hacking is really bad since it does not follow the 10
commandments of the computer wherein, thou shall not interfere with other people’s work or something
like that. After reading this chapter, I found out that it is not completely unethical to hack unless your
purpose of doing so will benefit other people as well.
Now a day, there are people out there who are very skillful enough to hack in your very computer.
We even hear in the news that someone just hacked a government system or something. We can even
see these things in movies wherein even a young student was able to hack a government facility in the
United States. That is why. It is not impossible to hack into someone’s system.
Well, hacking is not completely bad as I said because hacking may help someone do something
good. A perfect example for this is when the government of the US has to hack the information system of
North Korea in order to stop a ballistic missile from hitting Alaska which will kill thousands of people. That
is when, hacking comes in and it is not wrong since lives will be saved.
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What I learned:
I learned that it is not purely wrong to be a hacker because there are stuff we can benefit from
hacking.
• Is hacking purely wrong?

• Are their things that we could benefit from hacking?
• Do other people think hacking is bad?
• What is hacking?
• What is hacktivism?
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Book Review: Information Ethics and the Library Profession
Quote:
Libraries as organized depositories of documents have existed at least from the time of the
Sumerians (Fourie and Dowell, 2002, pp. 15–16). Librarianship as a distinct profession, however, is
relatively a recent development. With the advent of the printing press, collections of works became larger
and more complex, thus creating a greater need for someone devoted to organizing and cataloging such
collections. Even then, those who collected, organized, and preserved books and other documents were
Scholars and their activities as “librarians” were not distinct from their scholarly work. Not until the
nineteenth century did librarianship become a separate profession (Gilbert (1994), p. 383).
I expect to learn what a library profession is and the profound meaning of information ethics. I
want to know how important both are.
Book Review:
This chapter starts off by pointing out that the issues that are being tackled here will not really
benefit library professions such as librarians but will other information provider. According to the article,
examples of information providers are Google, Yahoo, Ask, Wikipedia, Encarta, Altavista and a whole lot
more. This will benefit them since this chapter of this book will talk about information ethics.
What I understood here in this chapter is that, these information providers do good and may do
bad as well. Obviously they do good since they give us the precise information we ask of them. These
information providers are also responsible for hastening the work speed of the people since all we have to
do is just type in the information we need, and in seconds, it is already available. Unfortunately, issues
arise due to the fact that information providers may input wrong information and may be biased. That is
why ethics is needed in this one right here.
In my opinion, ethics is really applicable here because information is a big thing. Absorbing wrong
information is very crucial since it may affect a person.
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What I learned:
I learned that even information providers may do harm to other people without even doing it on
purpose. I also learned that, that is the reason why ethics should be applied here.
• What are library professions?

• Do search engines count as library professions?
• Do search engines count as information provider?
• What are samples of information provider?
• Does it have the capability to harm a person?
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Book Review: Ethical Interest in Free and Open Source Software
Quote:
Free software stems from the close ties that early software developers had with academia. As the
software industry began to mature, the bond with academia and its ideals of sharing research results
weakened. After spending many years as an active participant in the hacker culture, Richard Stallman
grew frustrated as more and more softwarewas not free—not free in a financial sense, but free in
awaythat allowed for its inspection, running, and modification.
I expect to learn why there is ethical interest in free and open source software. I want to know
why this is important.
Book Review:
As we all can see, this chapter obviously talks about free and open source software and the
ethical interest in it. To start off, I want to briefly define what an Open Source Software is. Open Source
Software is a software which does not require cash since it is free. You may download it in the World
Wide Web. This may be garnered in any website that relates to your desired software. A good example of
this Open Source Software is the Open Office. Open Office may be downloaded in the net. Unlike,
Microsoft Office, Open Office does not require any payment since it is free. Another example of open
source is PHP. PHP is a scripting language used by web developers in order for their web pages to be
loaded. This is also an Open Source Software since it is available for download it the net.
In this chapter, there is also a moral issue that arises. Similar to information providers, Open
Source Software developers should see to it that their codes are superior because there reputation is on
the line. They are open to handing out false information if their codes are not that good.
What I learned:
I learned that there are a lot of Open Source Softwares available in the World Wide Web. I also
learned that moral issues are still present even for Open Source Softwares.
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• What are Open Source Softwares?

• Are moral issues present for OSS?
• What are the moral issues?
• Who developed the concept of Free Software?
• When was it developed?
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Book Review: Internet Research Ethics: The Field and Its Critical Issues
Quote:
Internet research ethics (IRE) is an emerging multi- and interdisciplinary field that systematically
studies the ethical implications that arise from the use of the Internet as a space or locale of, and/or tool
for, research. No one discipline can claim IRE as its own, as various disciplines since the 1990s have
used the Internet for research and, to some extent, grappled with the ethical implications of such
research.
I expect to learn the critical issues arise from the internet research field. I also want to learn if it
will benefit the readers.
Book Review:
To start off, this chapter talks about the Internet Research Ethics as a field and the critical issues
that arises. First, I would like to define what Internet Research Ethics is. According to the article, Internet
Research Ethics is an emerging multi- and interdisciplinary field that systematically studies the ethical
implications that arise from the use of the Internet as a space or locale of, and/or tool for, research. In
other words, Internet Research Ethics are responsible in handling the issues created while using the
internet for means of research.
When I read this chapter, I was shocked to know that even while researching through the internet;
ethical issues occur. I believe that ethical issues do occur because similar as information providers,
internet research also gives information to those who researches it. That is why ethical issues did arise.
Internet research has its beneficial advantages but may also do harm for the public. What I beneficial
advantages that I see is that Internet Research may give out precise information asked by the researcher.
But the bad thing about this is that Internet Research may also give out, not precise information, but false
information or false data. As we all know, false information may trigger dangerous results for a human
being. It may harm him in so many ways.
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What I learned:
I learned that aside from information providers, internet research also experiences critical issues.
I learned that they also do experience critical issues because their similarities are that they both give out
information to the public.
• What does IRE stand for?

• What does IRE do?
• What are the critical issues that arise?
• What does Internet Research mean?
• Is it similar to Information Provider?
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Book Review: Health Information Technology: Challenges in Ethics, Science, and Uncertainty
Quote:
It is sadly and too often the case that many professionals regard ethics as a source of codes for
the edification of the not-yet-virtuous, as a place where pointy-headed boffins pass judgment on
heathens, as an office to call in search of someone with a horse and a sword to come .round to smite the
evildoers.
I expect to learn what Health Information Technology is. I also want to learn what challenges in
ethics, science and uncertainty got to do with this topic.
Book Review:
What is Health Information Technology? According to Wikipedia, Health Information Technology

or HIT provides the umbrella framework to describe the comprehensive management of health
information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and
insurers. Health information technology (HIT) in general is increasingly viewed as the most promising tool
for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system (Chaudhry et al.,
2006). In other words, Health Information Technology is responsible to protect the exchange of between
people.
Since the word “protect” and “secure” came up, this chapter also opened the topic privacy.
According to the article, Privacy is the right entitlement or reasonable expectation people have that they
are and will be secure from intrusion. In layman’s term, Privacy is the right given to a person in whom he
or she may keep it to himself or herself regardless of what other people might think or say.
There is a good example on why an ethical issue aroused here in Health Information Technology.
The example given by the article is that, if a patient does not believe that this specific hospital is not
capable of securing medical records and keeps it confidential, then that patient is reluctant to tell the truth
since the patient is scared that his or her records might not be dealt with properly.
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What I learned:
What I learned is that even hospitals and other health related fields also experience ethical
issues. I also learned that Privacy is closely related to Confidentiality in the point that the article itself
related Privacy and Confidentiality as cousins,
• What does HIT stand for?

• What does HIT do?
• What is Privacy?
• What is Confidentiality?
• Are they related?
•
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Book Review: Ethical Issue of Information and Business
Quote:
Businesses and the economic system they work in have an important influence on ethical issues arising
from information and information and communication technology. This chapter aims at establishing a link
between several sets of ethical discourses that concern similar topics. It offers an introduction to some of
the current debates in business ethics and considers how information and technology influence the
current topics and debates in the area. Drawing on some of the debates in computer and information
ethics, the chapter points out areas where these two sets of discourses overlap and where they have the
potential to inform each other.
I would like to learn more of the Business and Computer Ethics. I also would like to understand if
Business Ethics is an oxymoronic term.
Book Review:
“A possible view might be that Business and ethics simply have nothing to do with each other,
that the term business Ethics is an oxymoron”. I think I do not agree on this one. For me Business and
ethics is not oxymoron since Businesses involve and possible only when there are people, People who
have their own moral background and standards. “Immoral behavior of individual market participants,
such as High-profile managers or corporations”
“Ethics as the theory of morality plays an important role in justifying the economic system and
thus allowing economic agents to feel legitimated in acting within the system” For me economic system
should if possible be moral and fair in most of its aspect.
What I learned:
I have learned that ethical theory can be helpful in raising awareness and shaping views on how
ethical problems can be addressed.
• What does Information mean?

• What does Business mean?
• What are the ethical issues of information?
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• What are the ethical issues of business?
• What are the ethical issues of Information and Business?
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Book Review: Responsibilities for Information on the Internet
Quote:
Unfortunately, the law does not offer many clues as to this question. With regard to information
that is not in itself illegal, the possibilities of invoking legal regulation are very limited. Traditionally, the law
approaches the problematic consequences of information as a liability problem. As I suggested already in
Section 14.3, this approach is insufficient. Liability only arises after the harm and offence have really
taken place. Thus, the preventive potential with regard to possible harm and offence and to risks is
severely limited. Establishing liability for information is further complicated, because of difficulties of
identifying causal relationships, of giving due consideration to the perspectives of content providers and
users, and—sometimes— of balancing the good of establishing liability against information freedoms.
I would like to learn more of the Responsibilities for Information on the Internet. I also would like
to understand the importance of Responsibilities for Information on the Internet.
Book Review:
“For the time being, responsibilities for safeguarding the reliability of online information are
responsibilities shared by all parties involved.” I agree with Mr. Anton’s opinion that every party has their
responsibilities to promoted legal, reliable, and moral online information. “Content providers (CPs), the
organizations that provide the infrastructure for the dissemination of that information, the so-called
Internet service and access providers, the receivers or users of the information, third parties, such as
those that deliver quality certificates for Websites, and others.”
There is much research and literature in the discipline of business ethics, which deals with the
relationship between business and ethics.
Business and ethics, the way is see it, is something that goes along with each other for the reason that
you cannot do business if you do not have ethics. My meaning is that your client will not last if you do not
have ethics to follow your contract or provide the right things to your client. So you can do business
without ethics but the only problem is that it will not last. Whether we like it or not, ethics goes along with
business.
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What I learned:
I have learned that problems of reliability on online information have two types:
People lack the necessary expertise to assess information on the basis of content criteria, and they also
lack the necessary expertise to assess information on the basis of pedigree criteria. In this case, the
problems are due to a lack of competence of the users.
People lack the expertise to assess information on the basis of content criteria, and it is impossible for
them to test the information with the help of pedigree criteria. This is the case when the users are, in
principle, competent in using pedigree criteria, but the information is presented in such a way that there
are no indicators or markers of conformity with pedigree criteria.
• What are the responsibilities for Information on the Internet

• What is the similarities of business and ethics?
• What are CP’s?
• What is Mr. Anton’s opinion?
• What are the conditions of responsibility?
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Book Review: Virtual Reality and Computer Simulation
Quote:
Virtual reality and computer simulation have not received much attention from ethicists. It is
argued in this essay that this relative neglect is unjustified, and that there are important ethical questions
that can be raised in relation to these technologies. First of all, these technologies raise important ethical
questions about the way in which they represent reality and the misrepresentations, biased
representations, and offensive representations that they may contain. In addition, actions in virtual
environments can be harmful to others and raise moral issues within all major traditions in ethics,
including consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics.
I would like to learn about the Responsibilities Virtual Reality and Computer Simulation. I also
would like to understand the importance of Virtual Reality and Computer Simulation.
Book Review:
“Many simulations aim to faithfully depict existing structures, persons, states of affairs, processes,
or events” VR and Computer Simulations has their own intended purposes and is very beneficial to many
in different industries or even individuals. I think that most of these technologies are solely made for the
user’s benefits and not intended to be biased, misrepresent, or violate moral standards.
The case against computer games tends to center on three perceived negative consequences: addiction,
aggression, and maladjustment. The perceived problem of addiction is that many gamers get so caught
up in playing that their health, work or study, family life, and social relations suffer.
This are the common problem nowadays in our country, more and more students are being addicted to
games specially the young ones. I agree that when you get tie up to the game, your life will suffer a lot
like the following mentioned above.
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What I learned:
I have learned that the principle that professional expertise should be used for the enhancement
of human welfare. If technology is to promote human welfare, it should not contain biases and should
regard the values and interests of stakeholders or society at large. Taking into account such values and
avoiding biases in design cannot be done without a proper methodology.
• What is a Virtual Reality?

• What is a Computer Simulation?
• What are the similarities of both?
• What are the dissimilarities of both?
• Are they both ethical?
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Book Review: Genetic Information: Epistemological and Ethical Issues
Quote:
“Science will be the MUCH poorer, and
progress in this field will inevitably be delayed”
(Ash burner quoted in Moody, 2004, p. 112).”
“The quantity of information in a system can be
understood roughly as the amount of order in that system,
or the inverse of the entropy (disorder) that all closed physical
systems accumulate over time. This measure says nothing
about the content of information. Shannon’s theory is now
labeled as the syntactical theory of information.”
I would like to learn about the Genetic Information. I also would like to understand the importance
of Genetic Information.
Book Review:
“A possible view might be that
Business and ethics simply have nothing to do with each other, that the term business
Ethics is an oxymoron”. I think I do not agree on this one. For me Business and ethics is not oxymoron
since Businesses involve and possible only when there are people, People who have their own moral
background and standards. “Immoral behavior of individual market participants, such as High-profile
managers or corporations”
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“Ethics as
The theory of morality plays an important role in justifying the economic system and
Thus allowing economic agents to feel legitimated in acting within the system” For me economic system
should if possible be moral and fair in most of its aspect.
What I learned:
I have learned that ethical theory can be helpful in raising awareness and shaping views on how
ethical problems can be addressed.
• What is a Genetic Information?

• What are its epistemological issues?
• What are its ethical issues?
• What are the dissimilarities of both?
• What are the difference between epistemological issue from ethical issue?
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Book Review: The Ethics of Cyber Conflict
Quote: “Both are about ethical principles as much as
they are about “law,” and indeed, international law
does not carry the same weight as domestic law.
Under international law, states, as sovereign entities,
assume international legal obligations only by
affirmatively agreeing to them, for example, signing a treaty
or agreeing to abide by the Charter of the United Nations.”
“The UN Charter prohibits states from using force
against other states (Article 2(4)), except when
conducted in self defense (Article 51) or under the auspices
of the Security Council (Article 39). The Charter effectively
encodes an ethical principle of just cause for attacking
another state that most people would accept.”
I would like to learn about the Ethics of Cyber Conflict. I also like to understand the importance of
it.
Book Review:
The framework presented here is based on the international law of armed conflict.
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Although this law was developed to address armed attacks and the use of primarily armed force, some
work has been done to interpret the law in the domain of cyber conflict. The law has two parts: jus ad
bellum, or the law of conflict management, and jus in Bello, or the law of war. Despite being referred to as
“law,” both of these parts are as much about ethical behavior as they are rules of law.
The law has two parts but the both of them actually talks about the ethical behavior of the tow on
how you will use the network.
Immediacy - This is the time it takes for the consequences of an operation to take effect. As a
general rule, armed attacks that use force have immediate effects, on the order of seconds to minutes,
while softer measures, such as trade restrictions, may not be felt for weeks or months.
An intrusion into an air traffic control system that causes two large planes to enter the same
airspace and collide, leading to the deaths of 500 persons on board the two aircraft.
In terms of severity, the cyber attack clearly ranks high. Immediacy is also high, although the delay
between the intrusion and the crash may be somewhat longer than between something like a missile
strike and the planes crashing.
What I learned:
I have learned the meaning of Severity, Immediacy and directness.
• What is a cyber conflict?

• What is immediacy?
• What are the cyber conflicts mentioned in the article?
• What is Jus in Bello?
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Book Review: A Practical Mechanism for Ethical Risk
Quote: “Boehm (2006) says the top ten software risks are
“personnel shortfalls, unrealistic schedules and
budgets, developing the wrong functions, developing
the wrong user interfaces, gold-plating,
continuing stream of requirements changes, shortfalls in
externally performed tasks, shortfalls in externally-furnished
components, real-time performance shortfalls, and
straining computer science capabilities.”
“What was not considered in the design of the
system was its use in a manual transmission
car that was left in gear when it was parked.
Nor was the pedestrian considered who was hurt
while walking between two cars when one
of the cars was started remotely.”
To know the more about the techniques those were being used to identify the impact of risk.
Book Review:
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The risk identification process identifies potential negative impact on the project and its
stakeholders. AS/NZS lists potential negative areas of impact such as Asset and resource base of the
organization, Revenue and entitlements, Costs, Performance, Timing and schedule of activities, and Organizational
behavior (AS/NZS, 1999, p. 39).
Risk identification is a process of identifying the negative impact on the project and to its
stakeholders. By this, it will be easy to react if there was a problem and if there was a problem it will be
deal with great knowledge because they know that it will come.
Risk Analysis
Once these potential risk effects have been identified, they are prioritized in the risk analysis
phase to help order when and if they will be addressed. The risk analysis process divides the identified
risks by their severity and the likelihood that they will occur, producing a given level of risk. The analysis
of the risk severity is put in either qualitative or quantitative terms.
Risk analysis is about identifying the impact of projects when some of the parts of projects were
not delivered. It will be marked as High, Medium, or Low.
What I learned:
I have learned the different type of techniques on how to identify the risk on projects.
• What is ethical risk?

• What is a risk analysis?
• What are risk effects?
• What is risk identification?
• What is a risk identification process?
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Book Review: Regulations and Governance of Internet
Quote: “His conception of a good human life is one
in which we think, reflect, and rationally choose for
ourselves from different beliefs and lifestyles according
to what seems most true or meaningful to us.”
“What was not considered in the design of the
system was its use in a manual transmission
car that was left in gear when it was parked.
Nor was the pedestrian considered who was hurt
while walking between two cars when one
of the cars was started remotely.”
To know more about internet.
Book Review:
The freedom of speech or expression of one person can cause harm to another, so some
restrictions need to be placed on how and to what extent a person can be allowed free expression. That
there should normally be some restrictions placed on harming others, other things being equal, is pretty
uncontroversial interest.
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We must be careful about the things that the things that is being post and the content of the
internet. It is not like a television where there is a regulatory board that monitor the things that will be
shown on television or radio.
Regulations and Technical Issues
That there are benefits in reducing the amount of material that can harm the innocent and
vulnerable is obvious. Whether this can be achieved to any significant extent given current technology is
not.
Censorship
The first is that an opinion that is not allowed to be heard might just be true, and the second that it
might contain some truth. Therefore restrictions on the freedom of opinion can, and most probably will,
deprive the world of some truths.
For me, there should be a defining content on things that should be publish and should not.
What I learned:
I have learned that there are a lot of things that are going on about filtering the content of website.
• What are regulations of the internet?

• What is governance of the internet?
• What are the regulations issues?
• What are the technical issues?
• What is censorship?
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Book Review: Information Overload
Quote: “Among scholars who concern themselves with information
from a theoretical perspective, however, there is little
agreement about the notion. In search of stable footing,
some have borrowed the information theoretic approach of
Shannon and Weaver, which identifies the number of
bits of information content in a signal, despite the fact that this
is an abstract measure of channel capacity and not of meaning.”
To know about information overload and to understand the meaning of information overload.
Book Review:
What is information overload?
Information overload, according to these two definitions, is a condition in which an agent has—or
is exposed to, or is provided with—too much information, and suffers negative consequences as a result
(experiences distress, finds itself in a “problematic situation,” is unable to make a decision or to stay
informed on a topic, etc.).
For me, information overload should not be redundant. There must be a common meaning
between the information that was being shown. From the word information, it should sounds and look like
friendly. It must not distress the one who is looking for it.
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In both of the definitions above—as in many of the discussions of information overload in the
popular press and academic literatures—the meaning of the word is assumed to be understood. This is
presumably because the notion of information is unproblematic in the public mind: we require no
explanation because we know what it means.
For me, information should not be difficult to understand and also can be easily found. I agree
about what was mentioned about; it should not be problematic
What I learned:
I have learned that information has an effect on people on their decision making. Also,
information is being called information for the reason that it answers the questions that were being raised.
Information should not be problematic as what the author said.
• What is information overload?

• What does it mean?
• What is information?
• What are the ethical issues?
• What are the given consequences of information overload?
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Book Review: Email Spam
Quote:
A fundamental problem with any philosophical discussion of email spam is definitional. Exactly
what constitutes spam? Published definitions by some major players differ dramatically on which emails
should be identified as spam. Some emphasize the importance of “consent”; others require the emails to
be commercial in nature before they are called spam; still others focus on the number of identical
messages that are sent as spam. At least one Web site (Spam Defined, 2007) is soliciting signatories to
settle on the definition of spam.
I expect to learn what Email Spam is.
Book Review:
To start off, I would describe what Email Spam is an electronic mail which is considered as
unwanted mail. In Yahoo! Mail, they enhanced their program by adding a feature wherein your spam
mails are automatically re-directed in a folder named “spam”. With this kind of feature, you will not be
anymore bombarded with spam mails in your inbox. I also found out that Gmail has also the feature of
separating the Spam mails into one folder. The good about this is that, whenever you open your mail, the
spam mail are not anymore, mixed with your personal mails in the inbox. Another good thing about it is
that your inbox would not get full in an instant. Another good thing about it is that, the deuature that we
see in Yahoo! Mail and Gmail is that, they have a delete all button for the spam. You do not have to click
everything 1 on 1 just to delete it. I think the reason behind putting a delete all function there because
people most of the time does not care what’s inside the Spam folder.
What I learned:
I learned that Email Spam is an electronic mail which is considered as unwanted mail.
• What is Email Spam?

• How can it affect a person?
• Is Email Spam ethical?
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• What are the given consequences of Email Spamming?
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Book Review: The Matter of Plagiarism: What, Why, and If
Quote:
“An expression is only plagiarism if it is unacceptable
on some established value. But we should
be careful to avoid the error of being overly
narrow in identifying any particular value or
standard as the basis for condemning an
expression as plagiarism.
To know about plagiarism
Book Review:
Plagiarism
Plagiarism will be treated here very broadly as expression that improperly incorporates existing
work either without authorization or without documentation, or both. The emphasis on impropriety is
important.
In the simplest way in explaining this is that quoting something or writing something without citing
the source.
LACK OF AUTHORIZATION—NATURAL OR MORAL RIGHTS
The title of the present section refers, perhaps misleadingly, to “natural” rights, a concept usually
associated with Locke.s theory that a laborer has a claim to his or her labor, and consequently to items
with which that labor is mixed.
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It is like claiming something that you have said or done but the truth is that there were someone
else has said that or claimed about it before the person who claimed it. For me, that is in contrast of moral
rights.
There is a range of economic theories that seek to understand the consequences of a broader or
narrower definition of copyright infringement, and narrower or broader definitions of fair use, and tighter or
looser plagiarism policies.
What I learned:
I have learned that it is not always wrong to copy. There is at least a little boarder that allows you
to have your own copy and that is called fair use.
• What is plagiarism?
• What are the specific grounds for action if caught plagiarizing?
• How can plagiarism be avoided?
• What are the given consequences of plagiarizing?
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Book Review: Intellectual Property: Legal and Moral
Quote:
“Defenders of the unfettered use of P2P networks
come in many different stripes. But they typically
concur that the personal copying of protected
files on P2P networks is legally acceptable.
Some legal scholars in this camp maintain that
users who download files are not making copies
of those files but simply “sharing” digital information over a conduit.
To know about peer-to-peer
Book Review:
What is File sharing or peer-to-peer network?
The technology at the center of these copyright disputes is a software that enables computer
users to share digital files over a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Although the P2P architecture is evolving, a
genuine P2P network is still defined as the one in which “two or more computers share [files] without
requiring separate server computer or server software” (Cope, 2002).
There is a range of economic theories that seek to understand the consequences of a broader or
narrower definition of copyright infringement, and narrower or broader definitions of fair use, and tighter or
looser plagiarism policies.
The use of a piece of intellectual property without the copyright holder’s permission (and therefore
against his will) is unfair to that copyright holder since it violates his right to determine what is to be done
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with that property. And this unfair use of another’s intellectual property constitutes a form of theft (Grisez,
1997).
Moral Considerations
The utilitarian arguments for maintaining a strong legal tradition of secondary liability seem especially
persuasive. Given the enormous difficulties of enforcing copyright protection by pursuing direct infringers
and the threats posed to content providers by dynamic technologies such as P2P software, the need for
this liability seems indisputable
What I learned:
I have learned that we can still able to copy a file as long as we do not reproduce it and sell it.
• What is moral considerations?

• What is file sharing?
• What is the other term for file sharing?
• Is it legal or moral?
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Book Review: Censorship and Access to Expression
Quote:
However, it will not be quite so easy to show that censorship will lead to less harm overall than allowing
access. First, it is worth reminding ourselves of the central interests in expression, deliberation, and
information, which can only be satisfied when there is a general free flow of expression. The benefits we
receive from having these interests satisfied (and the harms from not having them satisfied) will not be
easily overridden. Second, we have to ask ourselves not what in principle it might be good to censor. We
have to ask ourselves what in actual practice would be the consequences of having policies in place that
restrict access. It is at this point that “slippery slope” and “chilling effect” arguments might have some
force.
To know about peer-to-peer
Book Review:
What is censorship?
Censorship limits access to an expression, either by deterring the speaker from speaking or the
hearer from receiving such speech. By an “expression” I mean anything that may be composed by one
person and communicated to another. This includes such things as speeches, personal communications,
books, and articles, compilations of data, artworks, photographs, and music.
For me, censorship is not bad. It has good and negative side. Of course, before settling the
censorship there must a clear boarder line on what should be censored and should not be shown. There
must be a guideline to be able to discern immediately the right and wrong.
The deliberative interest concerns our ability to revise and gain a deeper understanding of our
individual and collectively held beliefs and commitments. This requires access to expressions of others,
because of “the familiar fact that reflection on matters of human concern cannot be pursued in isolation.
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Establishing rules for censorship is a very difficult task. It is like a diversified culture trying to be
fair as much as possible. Also, the rules will be biased because every person has a different background
in their values so at a certain rules there will be a biased decision or rules that will be set.
What I learned:
I have learned censorship is also an issue that must be discussed. There is a lot of issue that
were being raise and also it is difficult to come up with the mean decision.
• What is censorship?
• Do people get satisfaction whenever they mess with other people’s files?
• Is censorship ethical or not?
• Is it legal or moral?
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Book Review: A Gender Agenda in Computer Ethics
Quote:
“The use of a piece of intellectual property without
the copyright holder’s permission
(and therefore against his will) is unfair to that
copyright holder since it violates his
right to determine what is to be done with
that property. And this unfair use of another’s
intellectual property constitutes a form of theft (Grisez, 1997).
To know about email spam and to characterize spam
Book Review:
The basic human goods (including life and health, knowledge, the harmony of friendship
and community, and so forth) are basic not because we need them to survive but because we cannot
flourish as human beings without them. These goods, which are intrinsic aspects of human well-being
and fulfillment, are the primary ends or reasons for action and the ultimate source of normatively.
I believe in this, in the whole world we cannot deny that there are those people who separate themselves
or consider themselves as “poor” or “rich” so therefore they are not for those type of people. The way I
see it people should not think of that and it must be eliminated. How will we eliminate those things? The
rich people must distribute their wealth. The money is not distributed properly therefore many people are
not accepting the right amount or sometimes are not accepting anything.
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What I learned:
I have learned that there is a line that separates the poor and the rich people. And the way I see it
people do not want to accept that all are equal, specially the rich people.
• What is gender agenda?

• Does gender a big factor in ethics?
• If so, how come?
• Can these be fixed?
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BOP
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THE FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
Book Review: The Market at the Bottom of the Pyramid.
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-

Publishing/dp/0131877291
Quote:
All of us are prisoners of our own socialization. The lenses through which we perceive the world
are colored by our own ideology, experiences, and established management practices. Each one of the
groups that is focusing on poverty alleviation- the World Bank, rich countries providing aid, charitable
organizations, national governments and the private sector- is conditioned by its own dominant logic. Let
us, for example, examine the dominant logic of each group as it approaches the task of eradicating
poverty.
To know the deeper meaning of what is the market at the bottom of the pyramid. I want to know
what the market symbolizes.
Book Review:
To start off, this chapter basically talks about how a business targets the bottom of the pyramid. I
was shocked at first that this book talks about business at all. When I saw the title, there was nothing
related to business that entered my mind. I thought that this book was some kind of a fiction story.
Anyways, this chapter helps the readers determine who and what their target market are. This chapter
tells us readers that it is essential for a business to always begin in the bottom of the pyramid since it has
the largest population. For the people who are just starting their business, it is best for them to start at the
bottom since it has the most number of people. But of course, your products must suit the people at the
bottom of the pyramid.
rd
As a 3 year college student, it is normal for us to think of our future since it is very soon. I myself
am thinking to whether start my own business or work in a big corporation. If I were to start my own
business, this book will be a big help for me. This chapter taught me that when I should start, I should first
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target my market at the bottom part of the pyramid before I think about what products or services I would
sell or offer. The book says that there is a good chance that my business will turn out to be successful just
as long as I follow the book.
What I learned:
I learned that the bottom of the pyramid is a swell target market since it has the biggest
population. The bigger the population, the more profit you earn. I also learned that you should first
consider your target market before you choose what products to sell or what services to offer because
your target market might not be suitable for your products. It is much better to choose your market first
and use that as your basis for your products and services.
• What kind of people are at the bottom of the pyramid?

• Does the bottom of the pyramid a good target market?
• Is it better to choose your target market first?
• Is it good to base your products to your target market?
• What is at the bottom of the pyramid?
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Book Review: Products and Services for the BOP

Quote:
These challenges are not isolated conditions. Involvement in BOP markets will challenge
assumptions that managers in MNCs have developed over a long period of time. A new philosophy of
product development and innovation that reflects the realities of BOP markets will be needed. This
philosophy must represent a different perspective from those that we have grown accustomed to in
serving Western markets.
I expect to learn that this chapter will greatly help the readers to determine what products and
services are suitable for the people at the bottom of the pyramid.
Book Review:
At the previous chapter, it tells us that targeting your market at the bottom of the pyramid is best.
After doing so, this chapter tells us that we should know the products and services that will be a big hit for
the people at the bottom of the pyramid in order for the business to be successful. This is very essential
for a business because if your products do not go well with your target market, there is a great chance
that your business would not last long since not so many people would purchase your product. If you are
a person who belongs at the bottom of the pyramid, and you see a store which sells products that are
very much expensive, would you even bother to buy or even enter the store perhaps? That is what I
believe the chapter is telling us readers.
I believe that the whole book, “The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid” is a guide for the people
who are interested in starting their own business. I think that it is a six detailed steps in order for your
business to succeed. In this chapter, we already have to steps. First is to target your market at the bottom
of the pyramid and secondly, choose products and services which go well with your target market.
What I Learned:
I learned that after selecting that your target market must be the bottom of the pyramid, you
should appropriate your products and services based on your target market. I think we need to base our
products to our target market so that we the producers would know their dislikes and likes, in order for us
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to gain profit. We must need to know their wants and needs and they must be satisfied with the products
that we produce.
• Is it wise to base your products to your target market?

• What are the products that go well with the people at the BOP?
• What are the services that go well with the people at the BOP?
• What is the step before choosing your products and services?
• What are the 12 BOP Innovative Principles?
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Book Review: A Global Opportunity

Quote:
Involvement in BOP markets will challenge assumptions that managers in MNCs have
developed over a long period of time. A new philosophy of product development and innovation
that reflects the realities of BOP markets will be needed. This philosophy must represent a
different perspective from those that we have grown accustomed to in serving Western markets.
I expect to learn what the title of this chapter meant which is “A Global Opportunity”. I want to
know what it does to help a person run a business successfully.
Book Review:
I believe that this chapter is somewhat similar in the first chapter. This chapter also tells us how
important for a business to target their market at the bottom of the pyramid since the number of people is
in a large amount. Since it is a large number of people, the more people are in need of a product. The
more needy people, the more profit you earn. There is this company we studied in our ethics class
wherein this company targeted the bottom of the pyramid. This is CEMEX. CEMEX is known for its
outstanding and world-class cement. The difference between CEMEX and other cement companies is
that, CEMEX sells their products as solutions instead of the ordinary. Their target market is also different
from the other cement companies since CEMEX targeted the bottom of the pyramid in a pa reticular
place. Because of that, CEMEX grew and become a known throughout the world. Even though they are a
huge company now, their market is still open for the bottom part of the pyramid. They have products to
sell and services to offer for the people in the bottom of the pyramid.
What I learned:
I learned that it is a very good idea that a company must target the bottom part of the pyramid as
their market since it has a big population. As I said above, the larger number of people, the more people
are in need of a product. The more needy people, the more profit you earn. It is wise for a company to sell
their products to the needy ones.
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• What does the book call the process of determining the products and services that big companies
should sell and offer?
• Did CEMEX target the bottom part of the pyramid?
• What is a sustainable development?
• How can the BOP be a global opportunity?
• Is it for the betterment of a company to follow the Fortune at Bottom of the Pyramid?
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Book Review: The Ecosystem for Wealth Creation

Quote:
Every developing country has the components of this portfolio. However, the relative importance
of the various components of the ecosystem is different across countries. For example the extralegal
(those who exist outside the legal system) vegetable sellers in the slums of the San Paulo or Mumbai
coexist with global firms such as ford and unilever. The chicken cooperatives and processors such as
Sadia in southern Brazil and a local fast food chain such as Habib’s coexist with Kentucky Fried Chicken
and McDonalds. Whether it is in Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, or India, a portfolio of these constituents of
various ecosystems exists.
To fully understand what the ecosystem for wealth creation mean. I also expect to learn that this
will help us readers to become successful when we decide to put up our own business someday.
Book Review:
I believe that this chapter tells us readers that it is very important to follow what is written in this
book because this may result into having your very own company become known and may earn lots of
money. In order to do so, you should start off by setting your target market to the bottom of the pyramid
since they are plenty. Do not worry about placing a high mark up on your product. Just set your target on
the bottom of the pyramid and your business is good to go. Of course, you should choose your products
first. These products must go well and must be suitable for the people under the pyramid. If your products
are not suitable for them, do not expect that your business will grow. Expect that your business will close
soon. I believe the right products should be items which are in great demand but very affordable.
Examples of products which very ideal to sell to the lower part of the pyramid are hygienic items, food,
etc… These products are most likely goes well with the people at the bottom of the pyramid since it is
cheap, important and useful.
If I were to put up my own business, my products would be somewhat similar to what

Proctol&Gamble sells. Their product is perfect for the bottom of the pyramid because it is cheap and is an
everyday necessity.
What I Learned:
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I learned that it does not matter if your target market is the higher part of the pyramid because
that does not tell whether your business would grow or not. The book even advices us that when we will
put up our own business someday, we should target the lower part of the pyramid since it has the biggest
population. Even though your products are not that expensive, you will earn more profit when sell many
inexpensive items rather than selling less expensive items.
• What is an ecosystem?
• What is the meaning of wealth creation?
• Is it good for a company to focus the market on the lower end of the pyramid?
• Is it not wise to focus the market on the top pyramid?
• What are the benefits of having the bottom part of the pyramid as your target market?
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Book Review: Reducing Corruption: Transaction Governance Capacity

Quote:
Most developing countries do not fully recognize the real costs of corruption and its impact on
private-sector development and poverty alleviation. The capacity to facilitate commercial transactions
through a system of laws fairly enforced is critical to the development of the private sector. I call this a
nation’s TGC as opposed to TGC within the ecosystem we considered in the previous chapter. In this
chapter, we examine the need for and the process by which countries can develop their TGC.
I expect to learn that this chapter will explain itself thoroughly on how reducing corruption is
related in putting up a business.
Book Review:
I believe that corruption was suddenly placed in this book because there is also a logical reason
behind it that is somewhat related to the people at the bottom of the pyramid. As we all know, the bottom
of the pyramid is the biggest part of the pyramid. That means it is where it has the most number of
people. If you target the bottom part of the pyramid, and used it to promote anti-corruption, there is a
good chance of you dealing with the problem well. Since you have the voice of the majority, it is easier for
you to control the minority since they are just the minorities. A good example of this is the first ever
people power wherein the people get together in order to persuade Former President Ferdinand E.
Marcos to step down. Former President Corazon Aquino was the one who led the people to revolt against
rd
Marcos. She has the power on the majority. In our case, the Philippines is a 3 world country. This means
that its majority is mostly the less fortunate. I believe that if you want to have the people in the bottom of
the pyramid, you should seek the approval of the less fortunate.
What I Learned:
I learned that it is not just business that people can benefit if you target the bottom of the pyramid.
It can also help you reduce corruption since the majority is on your side. If you already have the hearts of
the people at the bottom of the pyramid, you are already shaped up. I also learned that in business,
corruption may still affect your business, big time!
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• What is TGC?
• Does corruption affect businesses?
• Does the BOP help reduce corruption?
• What does the BOP do the reduce corruption?
• What is the Andhra Pradesh experiment?
CYBER ETHICS
CHAPTER 22-44
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Book Review: On the Web, Plagiarism matters more than Copyright piracy

Quote:
Although commonly confused, the values inherent in copyright policy are different from those
inherent in scholarly standards for the proper accreditation of ideas. Piracy is the infringement of a
copyright and plagiarism is the failure to give credit. They are confused because the most common
examples of these wrongs involve both sorts of wrongs. But it is not hard to give examples that separate
them. It would be plagiarism but not piracy for me to take the works of an obscure 19th century poet and
try to pass them off as my own. Since the copyright will have expired on such works, this is not piracy. But
it remains plagiarism of the sort that could be grounds for dismissal from journalism post. It would be
piracy but not plagiarism if I were to edit a volume of modern poetry and forget to get copyright.
I expect to learn why plagiarism matters more that copyright piracy
Book Review:
I will first differentiate the two topics. I will first start to define what Plagiarism is. According to
Wikipedia, Plagiarism is the use or close imitation of the language and ideas of another author and
representation of them as one's own original work. In other words, Plagiarism is the act of copying a
person’s work and claiming it as its own. Plagiarism, here in the Philippines, is being treated seriously. If
you are a student, and was caught Plagiarizing, you are ground for suspension which may lead to
expulsion. In the business world, journalism perhaps, if you are caught Plagiarizing, you are ground to
suspension and may lead to termination.
What is Copyright Infringement then? According to Wikipedia, Copyright Infringement is the

unauthorized use of material that is covered by copyright law, in a manner that violates one of the
copyright owner's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to
make derivative works. In layman’s term, Copyright Infringement is when you copy a copyrighted work
without asking for authorization.
So what is the difference between the two? Basically, Copyright Infringement is copying a work
which is copyrighted first while Plagiarism is using or copying something from a person without citing
108
him/her and claiming it as your own. That is why on the web, Plagiarism is more profound rather than
Copyright Infringement since people just place their ideas and information freely. People too could get
their ideas and information without any hassle.
What I learned:
I learned that the difference between Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement is that Copyright
Infringement is copying a work which is copyrighted first while Plagiarism is using or copying something
from a person without citing him/her and claiming it as your own.
• What is Plagiarism?
• What is Copyright Infringement?
• Is Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement different?
• What makes the two different?
• What matters more in the web?
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Book Review: An Ethical Evaluation of Website Linking

Quote:
Given the potential for harm cited in these cases, what should be done about deep linking? To
some extent, the resolution of this normative question depends upon whether or not a web site can be
classified as private property and, if so, what specific rights should belong to the property owner. When
authors create websites and put them on the World Wide Web, do those sites in effect become part of the
internet commons and does this give others an implied license to link to those sites in any way they
choose? Or are they still the intellectual property of their owners despite their quasi-public and social
nature? Before we explicitly consider this question, it is instructive to review the prominent theories of
intellectual property that have been invoked to justify property rights.
I expect to learn what Ethical Evaluation of Website Linking is. I want to know how important it is
to know it.
Book Review:
Before I begin, I would like to start off by giving out the definition of Website Linking. In my words,
Website Linking is that act of bridging out two or more particular websites in order for those websites to
connect with each other.
I honestly cannot understand completely what this chapter wants to talk about. I believe that this
chapter wants to tell the reader that Website Linking has an issue that arises because it opposites the
Intellectual Property law. Intellectual Property is once again defined as are legal property rights over
creations of the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the corresponding fields of law. Under intellectual
property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as
musical, literary, and artistic works; ideas, discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and
designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design
rights and trade secrets according to Wikipedia.
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What I learned:
I learned that even just with the simple process of website linking, ethical issues are still present
within its vicinity.
• What is website linking?

• Is website linking advantageous?
• Is website linking disadvantageous?
• What are the ethical issues present?
• What is IP?
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Book Review: The Cathedral and the Bazaar

Quote:
The fact that the bazaar style seemed to work, and work well, came as a distinct shock. As I
learned my way around, I worked hard not just at individual projects, but also at trying to understand why
the Linux world not only didn’t fly apart in confusion but seemed to go from strength at a speed barely
imaginable to cathedral-builders. By mid-1996 I thought I was beginning to understand. Chance handed
me a perfect way to test my theory in the form of an open-source project that I could consciously try to run
in the bazaar style. So I did – and it was a significant success. This is the story of that project. I’ll use it to
propose some aphorism about effective open-source development. Not all of these are things I first
learned in a Linux world, but we’ll see how the Linux world gives them particular point. If I’m correct,
they’ll help you understand exactly what it is that makes the Linux community such a fountain of good
software – and, perhaps, they will help you become more productive yourself.
I expect to learn what the author meant about the cathedral and the bazaar. I want to know what
symbolizes it.
Book Review:
Basically this chapter talks about the Linux Operating System. According to Wikipedia, Linux is a
generic term referring to Unix-like computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel. Their
development is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration;
typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under
the terms of the GNU GPL and other free licenses. In other words, Linux is an operating system which is
based on open source software.
Why did the author use Cathedral and the Bazaar as the title? Well, If I were not to read this
chapter, I would know it for sure. It was far away from my mind that what the author wants us to see that
the Cathedral symbolizes peace and serenity. Linux is an Operating System which was carefully done
with precise actions. Linux was made to perfection in order for the people to buy it. The Bazaar
symbolizes people, interacting with people and market. Well, the author would want to market the perfect
ordeal.
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What I learned:
I learned that this chapter talks about the Linux Operating System. I also learned that, the author
used the Cathedral and the Bazaar only as symbols.
• Why was the chapter called the cathedral and the bazaar?
• What does the cathedral mean?
• What does the bazaar mean?
• What is the operating system that was being talked about in this chapter?
• What are the ethical issues present?
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Book Review: Towards A Theory of Piracy for the Information Age

Quote:
I have argued that using the core value framework, privacy can be grounded both instrumentally
and intrinsically – instrumentally, as a support of all the core values, and intrinsically, as an expression of
security. I am, however, concerned that the traditional instrumental/intrinsic understanding may be
misleading. Traditionally, instrumental/intrinsic analyses push us in the direction of a search for a
summum bonum, a greatest good. We try to find the one thing to which all other things lead. In the core
value approach that I am advocating, some values may be more important than others, but there is not a
summum bonum. Rather the model is one of an intersupporting framework. The core values, as the
beams of a truss, are in support of each other.
I expect to learn the Theory of Piracy for the Information Age. I want to know the importance of
the Theory of Piracy for the Information Age.
Book Review:
To begin with, I would like to define what Piracy is. According to Wikipedia, Piracy is the ability of
an individual or group to seclude them or information about themselves and thereby reveal them
selectively. The boundaries and content of what is considered private differ among cultures and
individuals, but share basic common themes. Privacy is sometimes related to anonymity, the wish to
remain unnoticed or unidentified in the public realm. When something is private to a person, it usually
means there is something within them that is considered inherently special or personally sensitive. The
degree to which private information is exposed therefore depends on how the public will receive this
information, which differs between places and over time. Privacy can be seen as an aspect of security —
one in which trade-offs between the interests of one group and another can become particularly clear. In
other words, Piracy is the capability of the person copy something. A good example of this is the DVDs
and other compact discs that are available almost anywhere. These are pirated CDs. They have many
ways in doing so. Others go to cinemas and record the movie while it is playing. Others have connections
to the movie industry and sneak out a movie or two. From that CD, that certain person will make hundreds
or even thousands of copies from it.
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What I learned:
I learned that this chapter talks about Piracy and how people can do stuff just to sell those things.
• What is Piracy?
• Is Piracy ethical?
• Are their ethical issues present?
• What is the difference between Piracy and Plagiarism?
• What is the difference between Piracy and Copyright Infringement?
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Book Review: The Structure of Rights in Directive 95/46/EC on the Protection of Individuals with
Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such Data.

Quote:
But even if a processing is legitimate, it is not necessarily permitted if the data is of a sensitive in
nature. Personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, tradeunion
membership, and the processing of data concerning health or sex life are singled out as particularly
sensitive. These special categories of data are sensitive in the sense that the dissemination of such data
can be particularly harmful to the data subject’s interests.
I expect to learn The Structure of Rights in Directive 95/46/EC on the Protection of Individuals
with regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such Data.
Book Review:
This chapter basically talks about how the structure of rights in directive can protect individuals
regardless of the personal data he/she acquires. First of all what is data? According to Wikipedia, Data
refers to information or facts usually collected as the result of experience, observation or experiment, or
processes within a computer system, or premises. Data may consist of numbers, words, or images,
particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as a lowest
level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived. In other words, Data is raw
information which is not yet fully-classified or fully-organized.
Since we already know what Data is, let us talk about how the structure of rights in directive can
protect individuals. Well I believe that structure of rights in directive has a big impact on someone
because an individual will become aware of his/her rights.
What I learned:
I learned that this chapter talks about the Structure of Rights in Directive 95/46/EC on the
Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such
Data.
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• What is the structure of rights in directive?

• What is data?
• How did it protect the individual?
• What is privacy?
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Book Review: Privacy Protection, Control of Information, and Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

Quote:
We believe this tradition of identifying the concept of privacy with control is misleading. Control of
personal information is extremely important as, of course, is privacy. But, these concepts are more useful
when treated as separable, mutually supporting concepts than as one. A good theory of privacy has at
least three components: an account of the concept of privacy, an account of the justification for privacy,
and an account of the management of privacy. This tripartite structure of the theory of privacy is important
to keep in mind that because each part of the theory performs a different function. To give an account of
one if the parts is not to give an account of the others. The concept of privacy itself is best defined in
terms of restricted access, not control. Privacy is fundamentally about protection from intrusion and
information gathering by others. Individual control of personal information, on the other hand, is part of the
justification of privacy and plays a role in the management of privacy. Privacy and control do it fit together
naturally, just not in the way people often state.
I expect to learn Privacy Protection, Control of Information, and Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

Book Review:
What is Privacy Protection? Let me begin by answering this question with the definition of Privacy
Protection. Like what its word is saying, it is to protect one’s privacy. A question then followed up and
went inside my head and asked why do we have to protect our privacy? If you have common sense, of
course you’ll say that you have to protect your privacy because it is you we are talking to. Without
protection, do you people meddling with your life?
What is Control of Information? What I understood in after reading is that, Control of Information
is a task wherein it is critical for a person to control his/her information because this might endager his/her
privacy.
What is Privacy-Enhancing Technologies? Like what its name said, It is a technology wherein it
helps protect an individual’s privacy.
What I learned:
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I learned that this chapter talks about the Structure of Rights in Directive 95/46/EC on the
Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such
Data.
• What is Privacy Protection?

• What is Control of Information??
• What is Privacy-Enhancing Technologies?
• What is privacy?
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Book Review: Toward an Approach to Privacy in Public: Challenges of Information Technology

Quote:
Many influential approaches to privacy emphasize the role of privacy in safe guarding a personal
or intimate realm where people may escape the prying and interference of others. This private realm,
which is contrasted with a public realm, is defined in various ways. It is deliminated by physical
boundaries, such as the home; by personal relationships, such as family, friends and intimates; and by
selected fields of information, such as personal, sensitive, or embarrassing information. Privacy is worthy
of safeguarding, these approaches argue, because intimacy is important; privacy is worth protecting
because we value the sanctity of a personal realm.
I expect to learn Approach to Privacy in Public. I also expect to learn the challenges of
Information Technology.
Book Review:
In the Information Technology world, problems and challenges is always top of the attendance
sheet. What am I trying to say is that, problems and challenges are always present in the Information
Technology world. One problem that I can say that the Information Technology Industry faces is Privacy.
Since there are ethical issues towards Privacy, how can the Information Technology choose which is
which? That is one of the biggest problems they face.
I’ll give an example of why Privacy is a problem to further defend my answer. Let’s say that I work
now in the Information Technology Industry. I am now a certified programmer/developer. I have this client
which asked me to develop a project of his but wants to get the codes I used. As a programmer, handing
out your source codes is hard because it is your right to privacy. Since it is your client, you are not mixed
up with what to do.
What I learned:
I learned that this chapter talks the problems and challenges the Information Technology Industry
or IT Industry faces. I big problem they face is Privacy.
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• What are the Problems and Challenges the IT Industry faces?

• What are the two misleading assumptions about privacy?
• What does the first assumption mean?
• What does the second assumption mean?
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Book Review: KDD, Privacy, Individuality, and Fairness

Quote:
It should be observed that group profiles may occasionally be incompatible with respect to
individuals privacy and rules and regulations regarding the protection of personal data, as it is commonly
conceived of. For instance, distributive profiles may sometimes be rightfully thought of as infringement of
individual privacy when the individuals involved can easily be identified through a combination with other
information available to the recipient or through spontaneous recognition. In the case of nondistributive
profiles, however, the information remains attached to an information subject constituted by a group. It
cannot be tracked back to individual persons in any straightforward sense.
I expect to learn what KDD, Privacy, Individuality, and Fairness. I also expect to learn the
importance of KDD, Privacy, Individuality, and Fairness.
Book Review:
I would begin my review by explaining what KDD is. It is written in the article that KDD or also
known as Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) has been described as the nontrival extraction of
implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. The KDD process is usually
divided into three phases: the data warehousing phase, the data mining phase and the interpretation
phase. In other words, KDD is a method of hauling out of hidden patterns in raw data. These are a very
helpful tool.
What does Privacy got to do with KDD? Well, I believe that Privacy and KDD are contradictory
because I think based on the definition of KDD which is a method of hauling out of hidden patterns in raw
data; privacy is being stepped on or violated here. Instead of hiding data which is protecting one’s
Privacy, it data mines. It digs out hidden patterns from data.
What I learned:
I learned that that Privacy and KDD are contradictory because I think based on the definition of
KDD which is a method of hauling out of hidden patterns in raw data; privacy is being stepped on or
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violated here. Instead of hiding data which is protecting one’s Privacy, it data mines. It digs out hidden
patterns from data.
• What does stand for KDD?

• What does KDD do?
• What is Individuality?
• What is Fairness?
• Does these 4 relate to each other?
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Book Review: Data Mining and Privacy

Quote:
Traditional information retrieval from databases returns database records – or turples derived
from fields of records - in response to a query. Hence what is returned is explicit in the database.
Knowledge discovery using data mining techniques differs from ordinary information retrieval in that what
is sought and extracted- mined from the data is not explicit in the database. Rather, objects that typically
will not exist a priori, patterns which are implicit data and can be used for either descriptive or predictive
purposes, are discovered.
I expect to learn what Data Mining is and what Privacy is. I also expect to learn that this chapter
will explain its relationship
Book Review:
Similar to the previous chapter, KDD is also Data Mining. Actually, when I searched Wikipedia
about the definition of KDD, it re-directed me to the page of Data Mining. So, according to Wikipedia,
Data Mining is the process of extracting hidden patterns from data. As more data is gathered, with the
amount of data doubling every three years data mining is becoming an increasingly important tool to
transform this data into information. It is commonly used in a wide range of profiling practices, such as
marketing, surveillance, fraud detection and scientific discovery.
What does Privacy got to do with Data Mining? Well, I believe that Privacy and Data Mining are
contradictory because I think based on the definition of Data Mining which is a method of hauling out of
hidden patterns in raw data; privacy is being stepped on or violated here. Instead of hiding data which is
protecting one’s Privacy, it data mines. It digs out hidden patterns from data.
What I learned:
I learned that that Privacy and Data Mining are contradictory because I think based on the
definition of Data Mining which is a method of hauling out of hidden patterns in raw data; privacy is being
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stepped on or violated here. Instead of hiding data which is protecting one’s Privacy, it data mines. It digs
out hidden patterns from data.
• What is Data Mining?

• What is its relation to Privacy?
• Is there an ethical issue present?
• Are KDD and Data Mining alike?
• Why are they alike?
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Book Review: Workplace Surveillance, Privacy, and Distributive Justice

Quote:
For the individual, privacy secures autonomy, creates social capital for intimacy, and forms the
basis of structuring many diverse social relations. It is generally accepted that it is in the interest of the
individual to have maximum control over her privacy – here taken to be the freedom from the appropriate
judgement of others. For the collective or institution, transparency secures control and thereby efficiency
of resource allocation and utilization as well as creating mechanisms for disciplinary intervention. It is
generally accepted that it is in the interest of the collective or institution to have maximum control over
surveillance – here taken to mean subjecting all individuals in the institution to reasonable scrutiny and
judgement. If the individuals are given an absolute right to privacy, they may act only in their own interest
and may thereby defraud the institution.
I expect to learn what Workplace Surveillance, Privacy, and Distributive Justice is. I also expect
to learn the importance of Workplace Surveillance, Privacy, and Distributive Justice.
Book Review:
I’d start off by defining what Surveillance is. Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior of a
person or group of people, often in a surreptitious manner. Although the word surveillance in French
literally means "watching over", the term is often used for all forms of observation or monitoring, not just
visual observation. In other words, Surveillance is an act of monitoring a person or a group of person.
What is Workplace Surveillance? I think that a Workplace Surveillance is where a device is used
to monitor a specific person or a group of people in an office. I believe that Workplace Surveillance and
Privacy also are contradicts since Workplace Surveillance lets you be monitored. If you are a person who
is serious of your Privacy, then you might be pissed because of the Workplace Surveillance. That is why
an issue is present here.
What I learned:
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I learned that that Workplace Surveillance and Privacy are contradictory because I think based on
the definition of Workplace Surveillance which where a device is used to monitor a specific person or a
group of people in an office.; privacy is being stepped on or violated here. Instead of respecting one’s
privacy by not monitoring that person every minute of every day, it does the opposite. But when you look
at it, Workplace Surveillance’s intentions are good because its intentions are just for security purpose
only. It does not mean to disrespect someone’s privacy.
• What is Surveillance?
• What is Workplace Surveillance?
• Is it ethically wrong to put an Surveillance camera in the office?
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Book Review: Privacy and Varieties of Moral Wrongdoing

Quote:
The privacy issue lies at the heart of an ongoing debate in nearly all Western democracies
between liberalists and communitarians over the question how balance individual rights and collective
goods. The privacy issue is concerned more specifically with the question of how information in order to
protect individuals and the claims of those who want to make information about individuals available in
order to benefit the community. This essential tension emerges in many privacy discussions, e.g.
undercover actions by the police on the internet, use of Close Circuit Televisions in public places, making
medical files available for health insurance purposes…
I expect to learn what Privacy and Varieties of Moral Wrongdoing is. I also expect to learn the
importance of Privacy and Varieties of Moral Wrongdoing.
Book Review:
I’d start off by explaining what Moral Wrongdoing is. As we all know, Wrongdoing is a bad deed
done by a person or a group of people. But why is Wrongdoing accompanied by the world Moral?
According to Wikipedia, Moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event.
The moral may be left to the hearer, reader or viewer to determine for themselves, or may be explicitly
encapsulated in a maxim. In other words, moral is a good thing. So why are they together? Is it not an
oxymoron?
This chapter talks about how a person has his/her reason to protect from him or herself from
getting harmed. This chapter talks about the three moral reasons for data protection. First is Information
based harm, second is information inequality and lastly, information justice.
What I learned:
I learned that there are three moral reasons for data protection. First is Information based harm,
second is information inequality and lastly, information justice.
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• What is Wrongdoing?
• What is Moral Wrongdoing?
• What are the varieties of Moral Wrongdoing?
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Book Review: Defining the Boundaries of Computer Crime: Piracy, Break-Ins, and Sabotage in
Cyberspace

Quote:
Further cases of criminal activity involving computer technology may cause us to re-examine the
tripartite scheme of computer crime advanced in this essay. One recent form of criminal activity that
seems potentially to border on computer crime is a criminal act involving the act of digital telephony.
Basse points out that in the use of cellular phones, a popular technique for avoiding charges is “cloning” –
i.e. reprogramming one’s cellular phone to transmit another customer’s number. When true “computer
telephony” (the merging of computers and telephones, also known as Internet phones) arrives, we may
need to re-examine our proposed definition of computer crime.
I expect to learn the Boundaries of Computer Crime: Piracy, Break-Ins, and Sabotage in
Cyberspace. I also expect to learn the importance of defining the Boundaries of Computer Crime: Piracy,
Break-Ins, and Sabotage in Cyberspace.
Book Review:
As I stated at my previous chapter on Piracy, according to Wikipedia, Piracy is a war-like act

committed by a nonstate actor, especially robbery or criminal violence committed at sea, on a river, or
sometimes on shore, either from a vessel flying no national flag, or one flying a national flag but without
authorization from a national authority. It does not normally include crimes on board a vessel among
passengers or crew. The term has been used to refer to raids across land borders by nonstate actors. In
other words, Piracy is a crime.
Similar to Piracy, Break-Ins are also computer crime. From what I understood, Break-In is the act
of hacking in someone’s system and sabotage his/her work or steal some important files which should not
be opened.
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What I learned:
I learned that there is Piracy, Break-Ins and Sabotage in Cyberspace are big Computer Crimes
which the IT Industry also faces today.
• What is Piracy?
• What is a Break-In?
• Are they both Computer Crimes?
• What are the boundaries of Computer Crimes?
• Are there ways to prevent these crimes?
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Book Review: Terrorism or Civil Disobedience: Toward a Hacktivist Ethic

Quote:
Hacktivism is in its infancy, but, given the ubiquity and democratizing possibility of the internet, we
will certainly bear witness to the movement’s growing pains and increasing maturity. One thing is sure,
however. Incidents of cyber activism are the rise and will continue to be on the rise in the near future.
I expect to learn Terrorism or Civil Disobedience: Toward a Hacktivist Ethic. I also expect to learn
the profound meaning of Hacktivism.
Book Review:
I would begin by defining what Hacktivism. Based on the reading material given, Hacktivism is
defined as the (sometimes) clandestine use of computer hacking to help advance political causes.
Hacktivist groups such as Electronic disturbance theater, the cult of the dead cow, and the Hong Kong
blondes have used electronic civil disobedience to help advance the Zapatista rebellion in Mexico, protest
nuclear testing at India’s Bhabba Atomic Research Center, attack Indonesian Government Websites over
the occupation of East Timor, as well as protest and anti-democracy crackdowns in China.
From what I understood, Hacktivism is not ethically wrong because, they are hacking for a good
purpose. I believe this is what ethical hacking is. But if you ask any ordinary person whether hacking is a
right thing to do or the wrong thing to do, they will answer you straight that hacking is entirely wrong. Of
course, they do not know that hacking can become a good deed just as long as your purpose of hacking
will benefit the common good and will not harm other people.
What I learned:
I learned that there is a good way of Hacking and is not ethically wrong. It is called, Hacktivism.
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• What is Hacktivism?
• Is it ethically wrong?
• Is there such thing as ethical hacking?
• When can a hacker be ethically hacking?
• What should be one’s purpose if he/she would ethically hack?
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Book Review: Web Security and Privacy: An American Perspective

Quote:
Browsing the Web gives one the heady feeling of walking without footprints in cyberspace. Yet
data surveillance can be both ubiquitous and transparent to the user. Can those who browse the Web
protect their privacy? And does it matter if they cannot? I offer answers to these questions from the
American legal tradition. The American Legal Tradition focuses on a right to privacy, rather than a need
for data protection. Yet illuminating Web privacy from this particular perspective throws a broader light in
how the fundamental rights of speech, assembly and freedom of religious inquiry may depend upon
electronic privacy in the information age.
I expect to learn Web Security and Privacy and why is it entitled as an American Perspective. I
also expect to learn the importance of Web Security and Privacy.
Book Review:
To start off, I will first define what Web Security is. Based on my own knowledge, I believe that
Web Security is the act of protecting people from harmful websites and other inappropriate things that are
happening in the World Wide Web. Privacy on the other hand, is again defined as the ability of an
individual or group to seclude them or information about themselves and thereby reveal them selectively.
That was according to Wikipedia.
Web Security and Privacy are 2 agreeing words unlike the other past words that are
accompanied by Privacy. I believe that they are not contradicting because Web Security is just
responsible for preventing users be harmed by malicious sites. This does not contradict Privacy in
anyway.
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What I learned:
I learned that Web Security is the act of protecting people from harmful websites and other
inappropriate things that are happening in the World Wide Web. I also learned that Web Security and
Privacy are 2 agreeing words unlike the other past words that are accompanied by Privacy.
• What is Web Security?
• What is the difference between Web Security and Privacy?
• Why is the chapter entitled as an American Perspective?
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Book Review: The Meaning of Anonymity in Information Age

Quote:
The natural meaning of anonymity, as may be reflected in ordinary usage or dictionary definition,
is of remaining nameless, that is to say, conducting oneself without revealing one’s name. A poem or a
pamphlet is anonymous when attributable to a named person; a donation is anonymous when the name
of the donor is withheld; people strolling through a foreign city are anonymous because no one knows
who why are. Extending this understanding into electronic sphere, one might suppose the conducting
one’s affairs, communicating; engaging in transactions anonymously in the electronic sphere is to do so
without one’s name being known. Specific cases that are regularly discussed include.
I expect to learn the Meaning of Anonymity in Information Age. I also expect to learn the
importance of the Meaning of Anonymity in Information Age.
Book Review:
Let me begin by expounding the definition of Anonymity. Based on Wikipedia, Anonymity is

derived from the Greek word ανωνυµία, meaning "without a name" or "namelessness". In colloquial use,
the term typically refers to a person, and often means that the personal identity or personally identifiable
information of that person is not known. In other words, Anonymity is when a person does not use his real
identity and hides it from the public.
What is Information Age? According to Wikipedia, Information Age is also known commonly as
the Computer Age or Information Era, is an idea that the current age will be characterized by the ability
of individuals to transfer information freely, and to have instant access to knowledge that would have
previously have been difficult or impossible to find. In layman’s Term, Information Age is the time wherein
the age of technology and other enhanced mechanism bloomed.
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What I learned:
I learned that Anonymity is when a person does not use his real identity and hides it from the
public. I also learned that Information Age is the time wherein the age of technology and other enhanced
mechanism bloomed.
• What is Anonymity?
• What is Information Age?
• What is the Meaning of Anonymity in Information Age?
• What is a gatekeeper?
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Book Review: Double Encryption of Anonymized Electronic Data Interchange

Quote:
To keep the GP as a sender of anonymized data also anonymous, we have to solve two main
problems:
1. As soon as data are sent electronically, the senders identification is automatically

added to the message. To anonymized the sender, an automatic process of replacing
this identification must be implemented.
2. To decrypt an encrypted message, one must know the decryption key of the
sender. However when the sender is anonymized, it is impossible to select the right key.
An automatic process of key handling and decryption must be encrypted.
I expect to learn Double Encryption of Anonymized Electronic Data Interchange. I also expect to
learn the importance of Double Encryption of Anonymized Electronic Data Interchange.
Book Review:
I would like to begin by defining what Encryption is. According to Wikipedia, is the process of
transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it unreadable
to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. The result of the
process is encrypted information (in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). In many contexts, the word
encryption also implicitly refers to the reverse process, decryption (e.g. “software for encryption” can
typically also perform decryption), to make the encrypted information readable again (i.e. to make it
unencrypted). In layman’s term, Encryption is the process of changing an unreadable text using different
algorithms or techniques in order for that text to be readable.
What I learned:
I learned that Encryption is defined as the process of changing an unreadable text using different
algorithms or techniques in order for that text to be readable.
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• What is Encryption?
• What is Double Encryption?
• What is the Double Encryption of Anonymized Electronic Data Interchange?
• What is the importance of Double Encryption of Anonymized Electronic Data Interchange?
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Book Review: Written on the Body: Biometrics and Identity

Quote:
So we are stuck with a riddle” How can a biometric identifier be both identifying and not saying
anything particular about you? I think the key to this riddle may be found in the idea that meaning is not
something intrinsic, but, following determined by use. Following this kind of reasoning, we should perhaps
not expect to be able to determine any intrinsic meaning of biometric data, or the biometric body in
general, but investigate quite specifically what uses and practices biometrics will become part of.
I expect to learn what Biometrics and Identity mean I also expect to learn the importance of
Biometrics and Identity.
Book Review:
I would like to begin by defining what Biometrics is. According to Wikipedia, Biometrics refers to
methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits.
In information technology, in particular, biometrics is used as a form of identity access management and
access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance. In other words,
Biometrics is used to track and monitor people who are under surveillance. Usually, Biometrics is used in
government agencies especially in the Crime Department since Biometrics identifies individuals in groups
that are under surveillance. This is a big help for the Crime Department because they do not have to look
for the people manually.
What is Identity? Identity for me is a person’s existence. It is its human form, its wholeness. So
what is the relationship between Biometrics and Identity? Well, obviously, based on the definition of
Biometrics, the word indentify is there. Identify is related to Identity. Biometrics indentifies Identity. I
therefore conclude that both of these words are not contradicting each other.
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What I learned:
I learned that Biometrics and Identity does not contradict each other since Biometrics identifies a
person. Identity is a person.
• What is Biometrics?
• What is Identity?
• Does Biometrics and Identity contradict?
• Where does Biometrics usually found?
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Book Review: Ethical Considerations for the Information Professions

Quote:
Information ethics, much like the technologies that continue to contribute to its complexity, will
thrive and present new challenges of all of us. Ethics will continue to be put through new tests as
technologies race ahead of many social and cultural conventions and norms.
Ethics is the study of morality; the study of what we do. Morality could exist without ethics (if no
one investigated how morality is done) but there cannot be ethics without morality (we cannot study
morality unless there is morality)…. Morality is like eating; it is an inevitable part of everyone’s life. Ethics,
on the other hand, is like nutrition. It is crucial to living a good life but it is not an inevitable part of living or
an activity engaged in by all.
I expect to learn what the ethical considerations for the Information Professions are.
Book Review:
I will begin by stating first what an Information Profession is. According to Wikipedia, Information
Profession is a profession who works with information science, libraries, museums, or archives, although
the field is changing rapidly to include other disciplines. Typically, an Information Professional is deemed
as such only after receiving the degree of Master of Science in Information (or Library) Science from a
university accredited by the American Library Association (ALA). In other words, Information Profession is
a profession which handles anything just as long as it covers Information based learning.
When we say ethical considerations, it is also saying that ethical considerations are rules. One
thing that I remember when it comes to rules is the codes of ethics. Codes of Ethics are like guidelines
that need to be followed in order for the individual, group or even a company be successful and minimize
problems.
What I learned:
I learned that Ethical Considerations are also like Codes of Ethics since they are rules.
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• What is Information?
• What is an Information Profession?
• What are the ethical considerations for Information Profession?
• What is code of ethic?
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Book Review: Software Engineering Code of Ethics: Approved!

Quote:
Ethical tensions can best be addressed by thoughtful consideration of fundamental principles,

rather than blind reliance on detailed regulations. These principles should influence software engineers to
consider broadly who is affected by their work; to examine if they and their colleagues are treating other
human beings with due respect; to analyze how the least empowered will be affected by their decisions;
and to consider whether their acts would be judged worthy of the ideal professional working as a software
engineer.
I expect to learn the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and to know how important it is. I also
expect that this will help me someday in the future.
Book Review:
To be honest, I was a bit puzzled when I saw the title because my course is not really that related
to Software Engineering. So, I asked myself, why on earth should I have to know the Code of Ethics of
Software Engineering? Little that I know, that this will also help me since the code of ethics for Software
Engineers are quite similar. It just has some points which are not of value for my course, Information
Systems. But I believe that no matter what code of ethics it is, all I know is that, codes of ethics are there
to mold a human being to become the best that he/she can be.
In our ethics class, we were asked to create our own codes of ethics. In this way, our professor
wants us to become good citizens before we hit the real world. He is now preparing us face reality which I
believe is near.
What I learned:
I learned that Ethical Considerations are also like Codes of Ethics since they are rules.
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• What is a code of ethics?

• What does it do to a person?
• What is the Software Engineer Code of Ethic?
• Can that be applied to any course?
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Book Review: No, PAPA: Why Incomplete Codes of Ethics are Worse than None at All

Quote:
Those who write moral codes (or things that could be mistaken for them) need to be aware of the
possibility that they may be abused. Codes that address some issues but not the others are very
common, and particularly open to such abuse on issues at the edge of their competence. Codes should
make it clear what their area of competence is. More importantly, thought, authors of codes should
always make it clear that their code is no substitute for careful moral consideration and especially in areas
or on questions where there is no clear guidance in the code.
I expect to learn Why Incomplete Codes of Ethics are worse than none at All. I also expect to
learn how important it is.
Book Review:
I was pretty interested when I saw the title first hand. I was interested because how come
incomplete codes are much worse rather than having nothing written at all? In reality, we always come
across with the Filipino statement “ok na yan kesa wala”. If you come to think of it, makes sense because
less is really much better than having none at all. If I would put you in a situation wherein you lost your
wallet and you have to pay for this stuff that costs, let’s say roughly around Php 100.00. I lent you 20
bucks since that is all I have. Will you accept it even though you still lack some? Of course, you will. Who
in their right state of mind wouldn’t accept it at all?
But in this chapter, is another way around. It is written that having an incomplete code of ethics is
much worse rather than none at all. After reading this chapter, I realized that it is right that it is much
worse to have incomplete codes of ethics because incomplete codes of ethics means that people will
tend to look for ways in which; if they broke a code, they would find ways to go around it just slipped away
since the codes of ethics is incomplete. But having none at all, is much better than that because at least
we you were not able to place something yet.
What I learned:
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I learned that that having an incomplete code of ethics is much worse rather than none at all.
• What is a code of ethics?

• What does it do to a person?
• Which is worse, incomplete code of ethics or none at all?
• Why is it better to have none at all rather than having an incomplete code of ethics?
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Book Review: Subsumption Ethics

Quote:
The difference between computers and simple machines is the extent to which computer systems
subsume design and development decisions over which users have little or no control. Normally, such
decisions are all but forgotten after implementation. Subsumption ethics describes this process.
I expect to learn what Subsumption Ethics is. I also expect to learn the importance of studying
Subsumption Ethics.
Book Review:
I would start off by defining what Subsumption is. Based on the reading material given,
Subsumption in general is the process of building larger components from smaller ones. In this sense, a
cell subsumes DNA function. American common law subsumes juridical decisions, and a half dryer
subsumes an electric motor. Subsumption in computers is different because there is so much more
Subsumption going on than in simple machines. In other words, Subsumption is the process of
developing or enhancing a small portion to a larger portion.
If we would combine the two words, Subsumption and Ethics, Subsumption Ethics means that is
broadens the ethics of a person. It widens its scope into a much larger scenario. It makes you think big
and not settle for something small.
What I learned:
I learned that Subsumption is the process of developing or enhancing a small portion to a larger
portion. I also learned that Subsumption Ethics means that is broadens the ethics of a person. It widens
its scope into a much larger scenario. It makes you think big and not settle for something small.
148
• What does Subsumption mean?

• What is Subsumption Ethics?
• Which is worse, incomplete code of ethics or none at all?
• Why is it better to have none at all rather than having an incomplete code of ethics?
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Book Review: Ethical Issues in Business Computing

Quote:
Finally, practical use of the systems is not only relevant issue. The actual material processed by
business systems – all ‘data’ entered and generated – differs greatly. This is particularly important, as the
nature of the data held on company systems must affect the uses to which it may ethically be put. For
example, a list of names and addresses held on computer and used by a bookshop to mail invoices and
statements is surely acceptable. However, if an identical list of names, addresses and invoice details
were secretly examined and correlated to determine which customers were buying suspect literature, the
ethical position is very different, and the need for the ethical consideration clear. Such issues need
attention.
I expect to learn what Ethical Issues in Business Computing is. I also expect to learn the
importance of Ethical Issues in Business Computing.
Book Review:
Now a days, business computing is highly needed in the Information Technology Industry, since
the time is of the essence, countries develops and so is technology. With business computing, it helps the
Information Technology Industry to become updated and be more organized.
Ethical Issues will always be present, regardless of what business you have. Example, if you are
a partnership kind of business wherein you for example, you and your partner sells cars. You found out
that your partner buys illegally imported cars from different places and re-selling it here in the Philippines.
As a partner and a friend perhaps, of course you would not tell. But since it is ethically right to report to
the authorities, you must do regardless of what your partner might say or feel about you.
What I learned:
I learned that Ethical Issues will always be present, regardless of what business you have.
150
• What is Business?
• What is Business Computing?
• Are problems always present in a business?
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Book Review: The Practitioner From Within: Revisiting the Virtues

Quote:
Traditionally computer ethics texts and courses involve taking students who are not
philosophically trained, exposing them to action-guiding theories, presenting them with the codes of ethics
of several companies and professional organizations, and asking them to make ethical decisions in
scenario based cases. This approach is deliberately action based and focuses on doing.
I expect to learn what the book meant about The Practitioner from Within. I also want to know if it
is important.
Book Review:
I was wondering what did the book meant when he used an actor, The Practitioner. After reading
the book, I realized that the Practitioner that the author was talking about is a Medical Practitioner. A
question again entered my mind and I asked myself, why the author chose a Medical Practitioner to be a
character here in the book. I then realized that a Medical Practitioner is a person who is very patient,
caring, and understandable, knows his/her place, and a whole lot more.
Again, I came to realize that this is the last part of the book. I believe that the author used the
Medical Practitioner as a symbol of a person who followed the topics the ethical topics that were
discussed here.
What I learned:
I learned that the Practitioner that the author was talking about is a Medical Practitioner. I also
learned that the author used the Medical Practitioner as a symbol of a person who followed the topics the
ethical topics that were discussed here.
152
• What is a Practitioner?
• What is a Medical Practitioner?
• Why did the author choose a Medical Practitioner?
• What does the Practitioner symbolizes?
• What does the book mean about The Practitioner from Within?
153
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ITETHIC

BOOK REVIEWS ON CYBER ETHICS, HANDBOOK OF COMPUTER ETHICS AND

ANDREW ADNAN CASIO FORTUNA

HANDBOOK OF COMPUTER ETHICS……………………………………………46

FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID……………………………….…98

Book Review: Ethics and the Information Revolution

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Information Revolution?

Book Review: Ethics Online

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Ethics Online?

Book Review: Reason, Relativity and Responsibility in Computer Ethics

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Computer Ethics?

Book Review: Disclosive Computer Ethics

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Disclosive Computer Ethics?

Book Review: Gender and Computer Ethics

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What does the chapter meant about Gender issues?

Book Review: Is the Global Information Infrastructure a Democratic Technology?

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What does Global Information Infrastructure mean?

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

Book Review: Just Consequentialism and Computing

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Just Consequentialism?

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is the Internet?

Book Review: The Laws of Cyberspace

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

Book Review: Of Black Holes and Decentralized Law-Making in Cyberspace

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

Book Review: Fahrenheit 451.2: Is Cyberspace Burning?

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• Is the Cyberspace really burning up?

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What does Censorship mean?

Book Review: PICS: Internet Access Controls Without Censorship

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is the definition of Internet Service Provider or ISP?

Book Review: Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act?

Book Review: Note on the DeCSS Trial

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

I learned that it DeCSS is a software used to decrypt encrypted content.

Book Review: A Politics of Intellectual Property: Environmentalism for the Net?

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Intellectual Property?

Book Review: Intellectual Property, Information, and the Common Good

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

• What is Intellectual Property?

Regarding the Private Ownership of Intellectual Work in the United States

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Cyberethics-Morality-Cyberspace-Richard

THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS

Book Review: Foundations of Information Ethics

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599

• What does Information Ethic mean?

THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS

Book Review: Milestone in the History of Information and Computer Ethics

Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599