BioLit Case Study #2: Excretory System Bobby, Seung Hyun, Adam, Tatjana Doctors and people who

work at the hospital have ethical responsibilities to get the community involved into health care. their practices. As doctors do research and implement plans they gain experience in They gain more knowledge of how to bring about interventions and how to assess patients. It is very important to understand the disease processes, medications, and any teaching that a client may need. Patients who come to the hospital expect to know the condition they are in and how to treat the condition, just like the 24-year-old woman who appears to have a chronic renal failure. The clinical manifestations in this patient include being fatigued, decreased urination, and urine that are cloudy or teacolored. Chronic renal failure is a slow and progressive decline of kidney function. It is usually the result of a complication from another serious medical condition. However, in the case of this 24year-old woman, the kidney failure is due possibly to a blocking of the ureters or of the renal arteries, or due to a kidney infection or renal tumors. There are many possible causes. But the kidneys are well padded for a reason they have a large blood supply. Any injury that might occur to the kidney can lead to severe bleeding. The regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes play a crucial part in the function of the kidneys. Diseases such as hyperkalemia and hyponatremia are caused by imbalanced concentrations of these elements. The definition of hyperkalemia is stated in terms of potassium. Normal values for serum potassium depend on individual laboratories, but the usual range for normal values is approximately 3.5 to 5.2 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Hyperkalemia is caused by excessive intake, impaired elimination, or increased shift of potassium. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by renal failure. Impaired elimination of potassium can occur

with acute or chronic renal injury, especially in the presence of decreased urinary flow rates. Often, patients with chronic kidney disease require large amounts of furosemide (Lasix), and this may increase potassium excretion. Hyponatremia, on the other hand, is related to the sodium level in the blood. A normal sodium level is between 135 and 145 mEq/L of sodium. Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium in the blood falls below 135 mEq/L. Many possible conditions and lifestyle factors can lead to hyponatremia, such as dehydration, certain medications, as well as kidney failure and other kidney diseases that makes it hard to efficiently remove extra fluids from the body. This patients urine test result show noticeable reduction in the renal blood flow and marked reduction in glomerulus filtration rate. Decreased rate of RBF and GFR along with retention of fluid is what causes the woman to feel puffy. As for the manifestation of blood and mild protein could be due to disruptions in the glomerulus. Before finding the right treatment to this disease, the cause of the chronic renal failure needs to be determined first. Only then can doctors give a specific treatment. But for the moment, monitoring dietary and fluid intake can be an option for treatment. The patient needs to reduce her consumption of dietary protein (to reduce nitrogenous waste production) along with carbohydrates and fat to meet energy requirements and prevent muscle wasting. Water intake should also be controlled to maintain a serum sodium of 135145 mEq/L. Sodium should be restricted or permitted, in this patients case, she is losing sodium so she must consume a good amount of sodium. It may not be necessary for this patient to go on a kidney dialysis. For her current situation, it may be enough control fluid and dietary consumption through the diagnosis and treatment. If there is no improvement, then undergoing a dialysis might be a second option.