Inter-RAT Handover Description

RAN
Inter-RAT Handover Description
Issue Date
02 2008-07-30
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RAN Inter-RAT Handover Description
Contents
Contents
1 Inter-RAT Handover Change History ................................................................................1-1 2 Inter-RAT Handover Introduction......................................................................................2-1 3 Inter-RAT Handover Algorithms........................................................................................3-1
3.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Types............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure ...................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure.................................................................... 3-3 3.2.2 QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure............................................................................ 3-4 3.2.3 Load-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure........................................................................... 3-5 3.2.4 Service-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure ....................................................................... 3-6 3.3 Preconditions for UMTS-to-GSM Handover ........................................................................................... 3-6 3.3.1 Service Handover Indicator............................................................................................................ 3-7 3.3.2 Capabilities of Deciding UMTS-to-GSM Handover...................................................................... 3-17 3.3.3 Rules for Enabling UMTS-to-GSM Handover .............................................................................. 3-17 3.4 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement............................................................................................... 3-20 3.4.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Switches ....................................................................... 3-20 3.4.2 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Report Modes................................................................ 3-21 3.4.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events........................................................................... 3-22 3.4.4 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm ........................................... 3-25 3.4.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Quantity........................................................................ 3-25 3.4.6 UMTS-to-GSM Handover L3 Filtering ........................................................................................ 3-25 3.4.7 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Compressed Mode .............................................................................. 3-25 3.4.8 BSIC Verification Requirements for GSM Cells ........................................................................... 3-25 3.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution ............................................................................... 3-25 3.5.1 Coverage-Based and QoS-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution .................... 3-25 3.5.2 Load-Based and Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution...................... 3-25 3.5.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Retry .................................................................................................. 3-25 3.5.4 UMTS-to-GSM Multimedia Fallback........................................................................................... 3-25 3.5.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the PS Domain with NACC or PS Handover.................................... 3-25 3.6 Inter-RAT Handover of HSDPA ............................................................................................................ 3-25 3.7 Inter-RAT Handover of HSUPA ............................................................................................................ 3-25 3.8 GSM-to-UMTS Handover .................................................................................................................... 3-25 3.9 Interoperability Between Inter-RAT Handover and Inter-Frequency Handover ....................................... 3-25
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Contents
3.10 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover..................................................................................... 3-25 3.10.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover in CS Domain ................................................................................... 3-25 3.10.2 UMTS to GSM Handover in PS Domain .................................................................................... 3-25 3.10.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Both CS Domain and PS Domain .................................................. 3-25 3.10.4 GSM-to-UMTS Handover in CS Domain ................................................................................... 3-25 3.10.5 GSM-to-UMTS Handover in PS Domain ................................................................................... 3-25
4 Inter-RAT Handover Parameters ...................................................................................... 4-25 5 Reference Documents......................................................................................................... 5-25
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1 Inter-RAT Handover Change History
Inter-RAT Handover Change History
Inter-RAT Handover Change History provides information on the changes between different document versions.
Document and Product Versions

Document Version RAN Version 02 (2008-07-30) 10.0 RNC Version V200R010C01B061
NodeB Version
V100R010C01B050 V200R010C01B041
01 (2008-05-30)
10.0
V200R010C01B051
V100R010C01B049 V200R010C01B040
Draft (2008-03-20)
10.0
V200R010C01B050
V100R010C01B045
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:

l l
Feature change: refers to the change in the feature of a specific product version. Editorial change: refers to the change in information that has already been included, or the addition of information that was not provided in the previous version.
02 (2008-07-30)
This is the document for the second commercial release of RAN10.0. Compared with 01 (2008-05-30) of RAN10.0, issue 02 (2008-07-30) of RAN10.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table.
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Change Type Feature change
Change Description None
Parameter Change The parameters that are changed to be non-configurable are listed as follows:
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Service Handover Indicator Service parameter index Required 2G Capability Inter-RAT H handover decision THD
Editorial change
A parameter list is added. See chapter 4 Inter-RAT Handover Parameters.
None
01 (2008-05-30)
This is the document for the first commercial release of RAN10.0. Compared with draft (2008-03-20) of RAN10.0, issue 01 (2008-05-30) of RAN10.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table. Change Type Feature change Editorial change Change Description None General documentation change:
l
Parameter Change None None
The Inter-RAT Handover Parameters is removed because of the creation of RAN10.0 parameter reference. The structure is optimized.
Draft (2008-03-20)
This is a draft of the document for the first commercial release of RAN10.0. Compared with issue 02 (2007-12-24) of RAN6.1, issue Draft (2008-03-20) of RAN10.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table.
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Change Type Feature change
Change Description The description of inter-RAT handover based on QoS is added, as listed below:
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Parameter Change Added parameters The following parameter is described in 3.4.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events.
3.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Types 3.2 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure "Triggering of Event 3A" in 3.4.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events "Measurement Timer Length" in 3.4.7 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Compressed Mode 3.5.1 Coverage-Based and QoS-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution
Down Link RSCP Used-Freq THD Hyst The following parameters are described in 3.4.7 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Compressed Mode.
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Down Link QoS Measure timer length Up Link Qos Measure timer length
The inter-RAT handover measurement quantities are changed, as described in 3.4.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Quantity. The cell individual offset of a cell is used together with the neighboring cell oriented individual offset. For detailed information, see 3.4.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events. UMTS-to-GSM Handover Penalty algorithm is changed to UMTS-to-GSM Handover Retry algorithm, see 3.5.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Retry
Deleted parameter Added parameter
2D2F Measure Quantity 3A Used-Freq Measure Quantity for Qos Cell offset
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Deleted parameter Added parameters
Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset Neigbhoring cell oriented CIO 3A event retry period 3A event retry max times 3C event retry period 3C event retry max times
Added parameters
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Change Type
Change Description Interchanging Load Information in UMTS-to-GSM and GSM-to-UMTS Load/Service-Based Handover, see
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Parameter Change Added parameters

l
Send Load Info to GSM Ind NCOV Reloc Ind based on GSM cell load CS domain Reloc GSM load THD PS domain Reloc GSM load THD
3.5.2 Load-Based and Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution 3.8 GSM-to-UMTS Handover
None.
The description of inter-RAT handover of HSDPA is moved from the HSDPA feature document, see 3.6 Inter-RAT Handover of HSDPA. The description of inter-RAT handover of HSUPA is moved from the HSUPA feature document, see 3.7 Inter-RAT Handover of HSUPA. Editorial change The default value of Service Parameter Index is changed.
None.
The default value of Service Parameter Index is changed from 49 to 99. The default value table of service handover indicators is changed.
The default value of 3C hysteresis is changed. General documentation change: Implementation information has been moved to a separate document.
The default of 3C hysteresis is changed from 4 to 0. None
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2 Inter-RAT Handover Introduction
Inter-RAT Handover Introduction
Inter-RAT handover provides coverage expansion, load sharing, and layered services. It saves cost by utilizing the existing GSM network resources. Inter-RAT handover refers to the handover between UMTS and GSM. The reason for the handover can be coverage limitation, link stability control or load limitation of the 3G system. For detailed information on the relation to other handover types, see Intra-Frequency Handover Introduction. Inter-RAT handover can be UMTS-to-GSM or GSM-to-UMTS handover. As shown in the following figure, for a UE in CELL_DCH state, the UMTS-to-GSM handover procedure is triggered when the UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN) initiates handover or cell reselection to the GSM. Figure 2-1 Inter-RAT handover
In this handover, however, GSM and UMTS dual-mode mobile stations (MSs) are required, and both the GSM MSC and the GSM BSS must be upgraded.
Impact
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Impact on System Performance Inter-RAT handover measurement may be implemented in compressed mode; therefore, one of the impacts on the system is from the compressed mode. When too many UEs
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2 Inter-RAT Handover Introduction
stay at the cell edge, the downlink capacity and uplink coverage of the system may decrease. Another impact is from the QoS requirement for the delay-sensitive services, because hard handover can introduce handover delay.
l
Impact on Other Features This feature has no impact on other features. Miscellaneous A dual-mode UE is required to support inter-RAT handover. That is, the UE must support both GSM and UMTS, and its network selection mode must be set to auto.
Network Elements Involved

Table 2-1 NEs involved in inter-RAT handover UE NodeB RNC MSC Server MGW SGSN GGSN
HLR
NOTE l = NE not involved

l
= NE involved
UE = User Equipment, RNC = Radio Network Controller, MSC Server = Mobile Service Switching Center Server, MGW = Media Gateway, SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node, GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node, HLR = Home Location Register
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3 Inter-RAT Handover Algorithms
3
l l l l l l l l l l
Inter-RAT Handover Algorithms
Inter-RAT Handover Algorithms covers the technical aspects of the feature UMTS-to-GSM Handover Types UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure Preconditions for UMTS-to-GSM Handover UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution Inter-RAT Handover of HSDPA Inter-RAT Handover of HSUPA GSM-to-UMTS Handover Interoperability Between Inter-RAT Handover and Inter-Frequency Handover Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover
3.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Types

Based on the handover triggering causes, UMTS-to-GSM handover can be categorized into five types: coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM handover, QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover, load-based UMTS-to-GSM handover, service-based UMTS-to-GSM handover, and speed-based UMTS-to-GSM handover. The following table lists the five types of UMTS-to-GSM handovers. Table 3-1 UMTS-to-GSM handover types UMTS-to-GSM handover Types Coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM handover Description The coverage of the UMTS is incontinuous at the initial stage of the 3G network. On the border of the coverage, the poor signal quality of UMTS triggers the UMTS-to-GSM measurement. If the signal quality of GSM is good enough and all the services of the UE are supported by the GSM, the coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM handover is triggered.
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UMTS-to-GSM handover Types QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover Load-based UMTS-to-GSM handover Service-based UMTS-to-GSM handover Speed-based UMTS-to-GSM handover
Description According to the Link Stability Control Algorithm, the RNC needs to trigger the QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover to avoid call drops. If the load of the UMTS is heavy and all the RAB of the UE are supported by the GSM, the load-based UMTS-to-GSM handover is triggered. Based on layered services, the traffic of different classes is handed over to different systems. For example, when an Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech service is requested, this service can be handed over to the GSM. When the Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) is used, the cells are divided into different layers on the basis of coverage. Typically, a marco cell has large coverage and low priority, whereas a micro cell has small coverage and high priority. UMTS-to-GSM handover can be triggered by the UE speed estimation algorithm of the HCS. A UE moving at high speed is handed over to a cell with larger coverage to reduce the times of handover, whereas a UE moving at low speed is handed over to a cell with smaller coverage. For detailed information, see HCS Handover. NOTE: The principles of the UMTS-to-GSM handover based on HCS speed estimation are similar to those of inter-frequency handover, which will not be elaborated in this feature.
The coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM measurement and the QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM measurement can coexist.
3.2 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure

The UMTS-to-GSM handover procedure is divided into four phases: handover triggering, handover measurement, handover decision, and handover execution. The procedure varies with handover types.
l l l l
Coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure Load-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure Service-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure
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3.2.1 Coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure

Figure 3-1 Coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM handover procedure
In the triggering phase The RNC sends a MEASUREEMNT CONTROL message to the UE, notifying the UE to measure the current carrier quality. This message defines the reporting rules and thresholds of events 2D and 2F. If the quality of the pilot signal in the current cell deteriorates, the CPICH Ec/No or CPICH RSCP of the UMTS cell that the UE accesses is lower than the corresponding threshold and the UE reports event 2D.
In the measurement phase If the RNC receives a report of event 2D, the RNC may request the NodeB and UE to start the compressed mode to measure the qualities of GSM cells. Then, the RNC may send an inter-RAT measurement control message that defines the neighboring cell information, reporting period, and reporting rule.
In the measurement phase, either periodical measurement report mode or event-triggered measurement report mode can be used.
In the decision phase
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After the UE reports event 3A, the RNC makes a handover decision. Or, after the UE periodically sends the measurement reports, the RNC evaluates the reports first and then makes a handover decision.
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In the execution phase The RNC initiates a handover procedure.
3.2.2 QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure

Figure 3-2 QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover procedure
In the triggering phase The Link Stability Control Algorithm makes a handover measurement decision. In the measurement phase The RNC requests the NodeB and the UE to start the compressed mode to measure the qualities of inter-RAT neighboring cells. Then, the RNC sends an inter-RAT measurement control message. This message defines neighboring cell information, reporting period, and reporting rule.
In the measurement phase, the method of periodical measurement report or event-triggered measurement report can be used.
In the decision phase After the UE reports event 3A, the RNC performs the handover. Otherwise, the UE periodically generates measurement reports, and the RNC makes a decision after evaluation.
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l
In the execution phase The RNC executes the handover procedure.
3.2.3 Load-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure

Figure 3-3 Load-based UMTS-to-GSM handover procedure
In the triggering phase When the load of the UMTS cell that the UE accesses is higher than the related threshold, the Load Reshuffling (LDR) algorithm makes a handover decision.
For detailed information of the LDR, see Load Reshuffling.
In the measurement phase The RNC enables the compressed mode and starts the inter-RAT handover measurement. In the decision phase After the UE reports event 3C, the RNC makes a handover decision. In the execution phase The RNC initiates a handover procedure.
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3.2.4 Service-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Procedure

Figure 3-4 Phases of UMTS-to-GSM handover based on service
In the triggering phase When a service is established, the RNC requests the handover to the GSM based on the service type and service handover indicator assigned by the Core Network (CN).
In the measurement phase The RNC enables the compressed mode and starts the inter-RAT handover measurement. In the decision phase After the UE reports event 3C, the RNC makes a handover decision. In the execution phase The RNC initiates a handover procedure.
3.3 Preconditions for UMTS-to-GSM Handover

Before handover, the RNC checks whether the preconditions meet the triggering requirements of the UMTS-to-GSM handover. The preconditions include the service handover indicator, Capabilities of Deciding UMTS-to-GSM Handover, and Rules for Enabling UMTS-to-GSM Handover.
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Service Handover Indicator Capabilities of Deciding UMTS-to-GSM Handover Rules for Enabling UMTS-to-GSM Handover
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3.3.1 Service Handover Indicator

The IE Service handover indicator indicates the CN policy for the service handover to the GSM. This IE is indicated in the Radio Access Bearer (RAB) assignment signaling assigned by the CN, or in Table 3-2 provided by the RNC side. The algorithm switch SERVICE_HO_BASED_ON_RNC_SWITCH of Handover Algorithm Switch parameter decides whether the service attribute of inter-RAT handover is based on the RNC or the CN.
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If the switch is set to ON, the service attribute of inter-RAT handover is based on the parameter configured on the RNC side. If the switch is set to OFF, the service attribute of inter-RAT handover is first based on the CN when the indicator is contained in the RAB assignment signaling assigned by the CN. If the CN doesn't allocate service indicator, the service attribute of inter-RAT handover is based on the RNC side.
Values of Service Handover Indicator

The service handover indicators are as follows:
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HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM: means that the handover to the 2G network is performed when 2G signals are available. HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_NOT_BE_PERFORM: means that the handover to the 2G network is performed when 3G signals are weak but 2G signals are strong. HO_TO_GSM_SHALL_NOT_BE_PERFORM: means that the handover to the 2G network is not performed even when 3G signals are weak but 2G signals are strong.
The following figure shows an example of rules for the indicator of the UMTS-to-GSM handover based on load and service.
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Figure 3-5 Example of rules for indicator of UMTS-to-GSM handover based on load and service
Principles of Setting Service Handover Indicator

By default, the RNC does as follows:
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For a UE with a single signaling RAB, the RNC supports the handover to the GSM. But it is not recommended. For the UE accessing combined services (with CS services), the RNC sets the service handover indicator of the UE to that of the CS service, because the CS service has the highest QoS priority. For the UE accessing combined services (with only PS services), the RNC sets the service handover indicator of the UE to that of the PS service, which has the highest QoS priority.
Service Parameter Index

If service handover indicators are not configured by the CN, each indictor can be set to Service parameter index of a service on the RNC. Each Service parameter index is the index of one typical service RAB, which involves a set of service type, source description, CN domain ID, and Max rate (bit/s). The following table describes the relationship between the set and the service handover indicators recommended by Huawei.
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Table 3-2 Service handover indicators (default values) Service Paramet er Index 0 Traffic Class Source Description CN Domain ID CS_DOMAIN Max Rate (bit/s) 12200 Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM Required 2G Capability
CONVERSATIONAL SPEECH
GSM
CONVERSATIONAL UNKNOWN
CS_DOMAIN
23850
GSM
CS_DOMAIN
28800
GSM
CS_DOMAIN
32000
GSM
CS_DOMAIN
56000
GSM
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
CS_DOMAIN
64000
GSM
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
57600
EDGE
7 8 9 10 11
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. PS_DOMAIN
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 8000
EDGE EDGE GSM EDGE GSM
12
PS_DOMAIN
16000
EDGE
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Service Paramet er Index 13
Traffic Class
Source Description
CN Domain ID PS_DOMAIN
Max Rate (bit/s) 32000
Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM N.A. HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM N.A. HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM
Required 2G Capability
EDGE
14 15
N.A.
N.A.
N.A. PS_DOMAIN
N.A. 64000
GSM EDGE
16
PS_DOMAIN
38800
EDGE
17
PS_DOMAIN
39200
EDGE
18
PS_DOMAIN
40000
EDGE
19
PS_DOMAIN
42800
EDGE
20 21
N.A. STREAMING
N.A. UNKNOWN
N.A. PS_DOMAIN
N.A. 8000
N.A. GSM
22
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
16000
GSM
23
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
32000
GSM
24
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
64000
GSM
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Traffic Class
Source Description UNKNOWN
Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM N.A. N.A. HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM
STREAMING
GSM
26
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
144000
GSM
27
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
256000
EDGE
28
STREAMING
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
384000
EDGE
29 30 31
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
GPRS EDGE EDGE
32
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
EDGE
33
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
EDGE
34
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
EDGE
35
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
EDGE
36
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
EDGE
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Service Paramet er Index 37 38 39 40
Traffic Class
Source Description N.A. N.A. N.A. UNKNOWN
CN Domain ID N.A. N.A. N.A. PS_DOMAIN
Max Rate (bit/s) N.A. N.A. N.A. 0
Service Handover Indicator N.A. N.A. N.A. HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM
N.A. N.A. N.A. INTERACTIVE
EDGE GPRS GPRS GPRS
41
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
8000
GPRS
42
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
16000
GPRS
43
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
32000
GPRS
44
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
64000
GPRS
45
INTERACTIVE
SPEECH
PS_DOMAIN
128000
EDGE
46
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
144000
EDGE
47
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
256000
EDGE
48
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
384000
EDGE
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Traffic Class
Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM
INTERACTIVE
EDGE
50
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
768000
EDGE
51
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
102400 0
EDGE
52
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
145000 0
EDGE
53
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
153600 0
EDGE
54
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
180000 0
EDGE
55
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
204800 0
EDGE
56
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
289000 0
EDGE
57
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
364800 0
EDGE
58
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
576000 0
EDGE
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Traffic Class
Max Rate (bit/s) 720000 0
Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM
INTERACTIVE
EDGE
60
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
101000 00
EDGE
61
INTERACTIVE
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
144000 00
EDGE
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. BACKGROUND
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. UNKNOWN
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. PS_DOMAIN
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 0
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. GPRS
71
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
8000
GPRS
72
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
16000
GPRS
73
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
32000
GPRS
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Traffic Class
Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHOULD_N OT_BE_PERF ORM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM
BACKGROUND
GPRS
75
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
128000
EDGE
76
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
144000
EDGE
77
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
256000
EDGE
78
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
384000
EDGE
79
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
608000
EDGE
80
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
768000
EDGE
81
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
102400 0
EDGE
82
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
145000 0
EDGE
83
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
153600 0
EDGE
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Traffic Class
Max Rate (bit/s) 180000 0
Service Handover Indicator HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM HO_TO_GSM _SHALL_NO T_BE_PERFO RM N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
BACKGROUND
EDGE
85
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
204800 0
EDGE
86
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
289000 0
EDGE
87
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
364800 0
EDGE
88
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
576000 0
EDGE
89
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
720000 0
EDGE
90
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
101000 00
EDGE
91
BACKGROUND
UNKNOWN
PS_DOMAIN
144000 00
EDGE
92 93 94 95 96 97 98
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
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Traffic Class
Source Description N.A.
CN Domain ID N.A.
Max Rate (bit/s) N.A.
Service Handover Indicator N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3.3.2 Capabilities of Deciding UMTS-to-GSM Handover

Before deciding UMTS-to-GSM handover, the RNC considers GSM cell capability, service capability and UE capability.
GSM Cell Capability

GSM cell capability is configured through the parameter Inter-RAT cell type. This parameter indicates whether the cell supports the GSM, GPRS, EDGE.
Service Capability
The Required 2G Capability specifies the capability of 2G cells required by inter-RAT handover. This indicates whether the service is supported by the GSM, GPRS, or EDGE.The default value provided by RNC see Table 3-2.
UE Capability
Upon the reception of the UE capability information message, the RNC decides whether to start the inter-RAT measurement. The information indicates whether the UE supports the GSM, GPRS, or EDGE.
3.3.3 Rules for Enabling UMTS-to-GSM Handover

The rules for enabling UMTS-to-GSM handover are based on the Service Handover Indicator and the three types of capability (GSM cell capability, service capability, and UE capability). The rules vary with different types of inter-RAT handover.
Rules for Enabling Coverage and QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover

The RNC initiates the coverage-based and QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover only when Service Handover Indicator is set as follows:
l l
HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_NOT_BE_PERFORM
In addition, the RNC initiates inter-RAT handover based on the following capabilities:
l l l
GSM cell capability Service capability (required by 2G) UE capability
The following tables describe the capability of the coverage-based and QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover in the combination of the three "capabilities" listed above.
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Table 3-3 GSM neighboring cell with EDGE capability UE Capability Service capability (required by 2G) EDGE EDGE GPRS GSM Not supported by 2G Allowed Allowed Not allowed Not allowed GPRS Allowed Allowed Not allowed Not allowed GSM Allowed Allowed Allowed Not allowed
Table 3-4 GSM neighboring cell with GPRS capability UE Capability Service capability (required by 2G) EDGE EDGE GPRS GSM Not supported by 2G Allowed Allowed Not allowed Not allowed GPRS Allowed Allowed Not allowed Not allowed GSM Allowed Allowed Allowed Not allowed
Table 3-5 GSM neighboring cell with GSM capability UE Capability Service capability (required by 2G) EDGE EDGE GPRS GSM Not supported by 2G Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed GPRS Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed GSM Allowed Allowed Allowed Not allowed
If the capability of all the GSM neighboring cells is "No capability", the inter-RAT measurement cannot be started.
Rules for Enabling Load and Service-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover

The RNC initiates the load-based UMTS-to-GSM handover only when Service Handover Indicator is set as follows:
l l
HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_NOT_BE_PERFORM
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The RNC initiates the service-based UMTS-to-GSM handover only when Service Handover Indicator is set as follows:
l
HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM In addition, the RNC initiates UMTS-to-GSM handover based on the following capabilities:
l l l
GSM cell capability Service capability (required by 2G) UE capability
The following tables describe the capability of the load and service-based UMTS-to-GSM handover in the combination of the three "capabilities" listed above. Table 3-6 GSM neighboring cell with EDGE capability UE Capability Service capability (required by 2G) EDGE EDGE GPRS GSM Not supported by 2G Allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed GPRS Allowed Allowed Not allowed Not allowed GSM Allowed Allowed Allowed Not allowed
Table 3-7 GSM neighboring cell with GPRS capability UE Capability Service capability (required by 2G) EDGE EDGE GPRS GSM Not supported by 2G Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed GPRS Allowed Allowed Not allowed Not allowed GSM Allowed Allowed Allowed Not allowed
Table 3-8 GSM neighboring cell with GSM capability UE Capability Service capability (required by 2G) EDGE EDGE GPRS GSM Not supported by 2G Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed GPRS Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed GSM Allowed Allowed Allowed Not allowed
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If the capability of all the GSM neighboring cells is "No capability", the inter-RAT measurement cannot be started.
If the "Required 2G Capability" is "GPRS", "GSM", or "EDGE", the RNC does not consider whether the UE supports the EDGE. Only when the "Required 2G Capability" is "EDGE", the RNC checks the UE capability.
Switches for Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover

To perform the UMTS-to-GSM service-based handover, the RNC must turn on the related switches for services in the CS and PS domains.
l l l
When a single CS service is initially set up by the UE, the RNC allows the UMTS-to-GSM service-based handover if Inter-RAT CS handover switch is set to ON. When a single PS service is initially set up by the UE, the RNC allows the UMTS-to-GSM service-based handover if Inter-RAT PS handover switch is set to ON. For the CS and PS combined services, no service-based handover is triggered.
3.4 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement

UMTS-to-GSM handover covers relevant switches, measurement report modes, measurement quantity, L3 filtering, measurement events, measurement range, compressed mode, and BSIC verification requirements for GSM cells.
l l l l l l l l
UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Switches UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Report Modes UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events UMTS-to-GSM Handover Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Quantity UMTS-to-GSM Handover L3 Filtering UMTS-to-GSM Handover Compressed Mode BSIC Verification Requirements for GSM Cells
3.4.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Switches

Some switches are important for UMTS-to-GSM handover, because they decide whether the handover can be performed successfully. These switches are the parameter values of Handover algorithm switch in the command SET CORRMALGOSWITCH, as described in the following table.
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Table 3-9 Switches of UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Switch Description The switch decides when the RNC performs the inter-frequency/inter-RAT coverage-based handover measurement. If the switch is set to ON, the RNC checks whether the inter-frequency or inter-RAT coverage-based handover measurement can be triggered after the RRC connection setup is completed (before the RB setup). If the switch is set to OFF, the RNC checks whether the inter-frequency or inter-RAT coverage-based handover measurement can be triggered after the RB setup is completed. Default Value OFF
SIGNAL_HO_SWITCH
ACT_SET_QUAL_SWITCH
The switch decides whether the RNC enables the active set quality measurement. If the switch is set to ON, the RNC enables the signal quality measurement to all the cells in active set after the RRC setup is completed (if the SIGNAL_HO_SWITCH is set to ON), or after the RB connection setup is completed (if the SIGNAL_HO_SWITCH is set to OFF). If the switch is set to OFF, the RNC does not initiate the active set quality measurement.
ON
INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH
The switch decides whether the RNC will initiate inter-RAT measurement to trigger inter-RAT handover of the PS domain from the UTRAN.
ON
INTER_RAT_CS_OUT_SWITCH The switch decides whether the RNC will initiate inter-RAT measurement to trigger inter-RAT handover of the CS domain from the UTRAN.
ON
3.4.2 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Report Modes

For coverage or QoS based UMTS-to-GSM handover, there are two measurement report modes: event-triggered measurement report mode and periodical measurement report mode.
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For load or service based UMTS-to-GSM handover, the measurement report is event-triggered only. The measurement report mode is configured through the parameter Inter-RAT report mode. In periodical measurement report mode, the report interval also needs to be configured through the parameter Inter-RAT period report interval. The UE sends measurement reports periodically to the RNC according to the values of the report interval.
3.4.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events

When the measurement thresholds are reached, the UE reports the events to the RNC to trigger the related handover procedures. Table 3-10 Events in inter-RAT handover Event Event 2D Event 2F Event 3A Description The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold. The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold. The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold. The estimated quality of other system is above a certain threshold.
Event 3C
UMTS-to-GSM Handover Frequency Quality Estimation

In UMTS-to-GSM handover, the report criteria of event 3A are based on the quality estimation of the frequency. The parameter Weight for used frequency is the frequency weighting factor used to calculate the quality of the current frequency. This parameter is used for event 3A only.
For detailed information about the quality estimation formula, see section "Frequency Quality Estimate" in 3GPP TS 25.331.
Triggering of Event 2D
Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula: QUsed <= TUsed2d - H2d/2 where
l l
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency. TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency. Based on the service type (CS , PS domain R99 service, or PS domain HSPA service) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured through the following parameters:
Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD
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l l
Inter-RAT R99 PS measure start Ec/No THD Inter-RAT H measure start Ec/No THD Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD Inter-RAT R99 PS measure start RSCP THD Inter-RAT H measure start RSCP THD
H2d is 2D hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 2D. For the PS and CS combined services, the threshold(s) for CS services is (are) used.
When the conditions for event 2D are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified by the parameter 2D event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of event 2D.
Triggering of Event 2F
Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula: QUsed >= TUsed2f + H2f/2 where
l l
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency. TUsed2f is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency. Based on the service type (CS , PS domain R99 service, or PS domain HSPA service) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured through the following parameters:

Inter-RAT CS measure stop Ec/No THD Inter-RAT R99 PS measure stop Ec/No THD Inter-RAT H measure stop Ec/No THD Inter-RAT CS measure stop RSCP THD Inter-RAT R99 PS measure stop RSCP THD Inter-RAT H measure stop RSCP THD
l l
H2f is 2F hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 2F. For the PS and CS combined services, the threshold(s) for CS services is (are) used.
When the conditions for event 2F are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified by 2F event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of event 2F.
Triggering of Event 3A
Event 3A is triggered on the basis of the following formula: QUsed <= TUsed - H3a/2 and MOtherRAT + CIOOtherRAT >= TOtherRAT + H3a/2 where
l l
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency. TUsed is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current frequency. Based on the service type (CS , PS domain R99 service, or PS domain HSPA service) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP) in the coverage-based handover, TUsed can be configured through the following parameters (These parameters are shared by the inter-freq and inter-RAT handover.):
Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
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Inter-RAT R99 PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD Inter-RAT H Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD Inter-RAT R99 PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD Inter-RAT H Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
In the uplink QoS-based handover, based on the measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), TUsed is configured as the maximum value according to 3GPP specifications, as described below:

If the measurement quantity is CPICH Ec/No, TUsed is configured as the maximum value 0 dB. If the measurement quantity is CPICH RSCP, TUsed is configured as the maximum value -25 dBm. If the measurement quantity is CPICH Ec/No, TUsed is configured as the maximum value 0 dB. If the measurement quantity is CPICH RSCP, based on the service type (CS, PS domain R99 service, or PS domain HSPA service), TUsed can be configured as one of the following sums:

In the downlink QoS-based handover:

Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD and Down Link RSCP Used-Freq THD Hyst Inter-RAT R99 PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD and Down Link RSCP Used-Freq THD Hyst Inter-RAT H Used frequency trigger RSCP THD and Down Link RSCP Used-Freq THD Hyst
MOtherRAT is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range. CIOOtherRAT is the cell individual offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range which is equal to the sum of Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset and Neighboring cell oriented CIO. TOtherRAT is the absolute inter-RAT handover threshold. Based on the service type (CS , PS domain R99 service, or PS domain HSPA service), this threshold can be configured through the following parameters:

Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD Inter-RAT R99 PS handover decision THD
l l
Inter-RAT H handover decision THD H3a is 3A hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 3A.
For the PS and CS combined services, the threshold(s) for CS services is (are) used.
When the conditions for event 3A are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified by 3A event trigger delay time the UE sends the measurement report of event 3A.
Triggering of Event 3C
Event 3C is triggered on the basis of the following formula: MOtherRAT + CIOOtherRAT >= TOtherRAT + H3c/2 where
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l l
MOtherRAT is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range. CIOOtherRAT is the cell individual offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range, which is equal to the sum of Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset and Neighboring cell oriented CIO. TOtherRAT is the absolute inter-RAT handover threshold. Based on the service type (CS , PS domain R99 service, or PS domain HSPA service), this threshold can be configured through the following parameters:

Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD
l l
Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD H3c is 3C hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 3C. For the PS and CS combined services, the threshold(s) for CS services is (are) used.
When the conditions for event 3C are met and the delay requirement specified by the 3C event trigger delay time parameter can be satisfied, the UE sends the measurement report of event 3C.
3.4.4 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm

The measurement range in the measurement control message sent to the UE is determined by the range of neighboring cells. After the active set is updated, the RNC updates the neighboring cell list by using the neighboring cell combination algorithm according to the status of the active set. This list includes the new intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-RAT neighboring cells.
Neighboring Cell Combination Switch

The NCELL_COMBINE_SWITCH parameter of Handover Algorithm Switch decides the measurement range of neighboring cells.
l l
If the switch is set to ON, measurement objects are chosen from the neighboring cells of all the cells in the active set. If the switch is set to OFF, measurement objects are chosen from the neighboring cells of the best cell.
l
The maximum number of neighboring cells is 32, no matter whether the measurement range is the neighboring cells of the active set or those of the monitored set. In default, the NCELL_COMBINE_SWITCH is set to ON.
Triggering of the Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm

After the active set update is complete, the RNC updates the neighboring cell list by using the neighboring cell combination algorithm:
l
When receiving an event 1A or 1C report, the RNC uses this algorithm to update the neighboring cell list. If the Radio Links (RLs) from the DRNC are added to the active set, the SRNC buffers the intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT neighboring cells list from the DRNC until the RLs from DRNC are removed from the active set. When receiving an event 1B or 1D report or an RL OUT-OF-SYNCHRONIZATION message from the NodeB, the RNC uses this algorithm to update the neighboring cell list.
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Description of the Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm

After obtaining the inter-RAT neighboring cells of each cell in the active set, the RNC calculates the union neighboring cell set (referred to as Sall) of the active set by using the following method: Step 1 The intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-RAT neighboring cells of each cell in the current active set are obtained. Step 2 The RNC sequences the cells in the active set in descending order of CPICH Ec/No according to the latest measurement report (event 1A, 1B, 1C, or 1D) from the UE. The best cell is based on event 1D, whereas other cells are based on the latest measurement report. Step 3 The cells in the active set are added to Sall. Step 4 The neighboring cells of the best cell in the active set are added to Sall. The flag of the priority and The priority of neighbor cell, which are set for each neighboring cell, are used to change the order of adding the neighboring cells to Sall. Step 5 The neighboring cells of other cells in the active set are added to Sall in descending order by CPICH Ec/No values of these cells in the active set. The neighboring cells of the same cell in the active set are added according to The priority of neighbor cell. Step 6 If there are more than 32 neighboring cells in Sall, the top 32 neighboring cells are grouped into the final Sall.
l
When The flag of the priority is switched to FALSE from TRUE, The priority of neighbor cell is cleared. When The flag of the priority is switched to TRUE from FALSE, the Priority of neighbor cell is set simultaneously.
----End
3.4.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Quantity

There is a choice of multiple measurement quantities used to measure the CPICH quality.
l
In coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM handover,

Event 2D/2F or periodical measurement takes both CPICH Ec/No and RSCP as measurement quantities. Event 3A takes CPICH Ec/No, CPICH RSCP, and Auto as measurement quantities.
In QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover, event 3A takes CPICH Ec/No and CPICH RSCP as measurement quantities.
The related parameter is 3A Measure Quantity and 3A Used-Freq Measure Quantity for Qos.
3.4.6 UMTS-to-GSM Handover L3 Filtering

The UE performs the layer 3 (L3) filtering for the measurement value before it judges the measurement event and sends the measurement report. The inter-RAT measurement model is similar to the intra-frequency measurement model. For detailed information, see L3 Filtering for Intra-Frequency Handover.
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The smoothed filter coefficient for layer 3 inter-RAT measurement is Inter-RAT filter coeff, and the smoothed filter coefficient for events 2D and 2F is 2D2F filter coeff.
3.4.7 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Compressed Mode

Compressed mode is defined as the mechanism whereby certain idle periods are created in radio frames so that the UE can perform measurements during these periods.
Compressed Mode Concept

Compressed Mode control is a mechanism whereby certain idle periods are created in radio frames during which the UE can perform measurements on other frequencies. The UE can carry out measurements in the neighbouring cell, such as GSM cell and FDD cell on other frequency. If the UE needs to measure the pilot signal strength of an inter-frequency WCDMA or GSM cell and has one frequency receiver only, the UE must use the compressed mode. Each physical frame can provide 3 to 7 timeslots for the inter-frequency or inter-RAT cell measurement, which enhances the transmit capability of physical channels but reduces the volume of data traffic. Therefore, the compressed mode is usually used in inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover. When the corresponding handover algorithm decides a measurement in compressed mode based on the UE capability, the RNC performs the following procedures: Step 1 Sends parameters for the compressed mode to the NodeB and the UE. Step 2 Sets parameters for inter-frequency or inter-RAT cell measurement control. Step 3 Activates the compressed mode. Step 4 Updates the measurement control information to the UE when required. ----End
Compressed Mode Types

The compressed mode is of the following two types:
l l
Spreading factor reduction (SF/2) High layer scheduling
Which type of the compressed mode to use is automatically decided by the RNC on the basis of the spreading factor used in the uplink or the downlink.
l l
When the downlink spreading factor is greater than or equal to the parameter DL SF threshold, the SF/2 approach is preferred. Otherwise, the high layer scheduling is used. When the uplink spreading factor is greater than or equal to the parameter UL SF threshold, the SF/2 approach is preferred. Otherwise, the high layer scheduling is used.
To initiate the high layer scheduling, set the following two switches:
l
If the algorithm switch CMCF_DL_HLS_SWITCH of CMCF Algorithm Switch parameter is set to ON, the DL high-layer scheduling for the compressed mode is allowed. If the algorithm switch CMCF_UL_HLS_SWITCH of CMCF Algorithm Switch parameter is set to ON, the UL high-layer scheduling for the compressed mode is allowed.
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Compressed Mode Switches

The parameter Dl SF limit CM ind decides whether to start the DL compressed mode according to the parameter Dl SF threshold to limit CM. In addition, there are two switches, CMCF_UL_PRECFG_TOLERANCE_SWITCH and CMCF_WITHOUT_UE_CAP_REPORT_SWITCH, involved in starting the compressed mode. Both of them are values of the parameter CMCF algorithm switch that is configured through the command SET CORRMALGOSWITCH. Switch Description When the uplink SF is 4 (UL SF = 4), the compressed mode of reducing the SF by half (SF/2) fails to be initiated because the SF cannot be 2. This switch is used to decide whether the UL SF = 4 RB(s) is (are) allowed to be set up when the RNC is in the preconfigured state of the SF/2 compressed mode. If the switch is set to ON, the UL SF = 4 RB(s) is (are) allowed to be set up when the RNC is in the preconfigured state of the SF/2 compressed mode. However, if the compressed mode is triggered by event 2D, the compressed mode cannot be activated, that is, it cannot be initiated to start the inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement. If the switch is set to OFF, the UL SF = 4 RB(s) is (are) not allowed to be set up when the RNC is in the preconfigured state of the SF/2 compressed mode.
Default Value
CMCF_UL_PRECFG_TOLER ANCE_SWITCH
OFF
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Switch
Description
Default Value
OFF CMCF_WITHOUT_UE_CAP_R The UE can start the compressed mode on some frequency ranges that are not in EPORT_SWITCH the reported measurement range. Whether to start the compressed mode to take measurements on the frequencies within the frequency range depends on the switch. This switch is used to decide whether the UE need initiate the compressed mode to start the inter-frequency measurement for such frequencies. If the switch is set to ON for such frequencies, the UE must initiate the compressed mode to start the inter-frequency measurement. If the switch is set to OFF for such frequencies, the compressed mode need not be initiated before the inter-frequency measurement. Thus, the UE need not initiate the compressed mode to start the inter-frequency measurement.
Generally, it is recommended that the previously mentioned two switches are set to OFF.
Measurement Timer Length

When the UE takes a long time to perform the inter-RAT measurement in compressed mode, the radio network will be affected. To avoid the influence, the system stops the inter-RAT measurement and disables the compressed mode if no inter-RAT handover occurs upon expiry of the inter-RAT measurement timer.
l l
The timer is specified by Inter-RAT measure timer length in inter-RAT handover based on coverage, load or service. The timer is specified by Down Link Qos Measure timer length/Up Link Qos Measure timer length in inter-RAT handover based on downlink/uplink QoS.
3.4.8 BSIC Verification Requirements for GSM Cells

During inter-RAT measurement, it is recommended that the UE reports the GSM cell after the Base Transceiver Station Identity Code (BSIC) of the GSM cell is verified. This greatly enhances the reliability of handover. The related parameter is BSIC verify switch.
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3.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution

The UMTS-to-GSM handover decision and execution vary with different types of inter-RAT handover.
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Coverage-Based and QoS-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution Load-Based and Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution UMTS-to-GSM Handover Retry UMTS-to-GSM Multimedia Fallback UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the PS Domain with NACC or PS Handover
3.5.1 Coverage-Based and QoS-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution

The coverage-based and QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover is categorized into two types according to the following two measurement report modes: periodical measurement report mode and event-triggered measurement report mode. Each mode corresponds to a different decision and execution procedure.
Coverage-Based and QoS-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Periodical Measurement Report Mode

After receiving the periodical measurement report of GSM cells, the RNC performs the following decision and execution procedures: Step 1 Decide whether the quality of GSM cells meets the conditions of inter-RAT handover. The evaluation formula is listed below: Mother_RAT + CIOother_RAT Tother_RAT + H/2 where
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Mother_RAT is the measurement result of inter-RAT handover received by the RNC. CIOother_RAT is the cell individual offset value of the target cell. It is equal to the sum of Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset and Neighboring cell oriented CIO. Neigbhoring cell oriented CIO indicates the offset of the measurement cell relative to the best cell. Tother_RAT is the decision threshold of inter-RAT hard handover. Based on the service type (CS or PS service) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured through the following parameters:

Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD Inter-RAT R99 PS handover decision THD Inter-RAT H handover decision THD
These thresholds are the same as the quality threshold of event 3A. For detailed information, see 3.4.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Measurement Events.

H is the inter-frequency hard handover hysteresis value Inter-RAT hysteresis. For the PS and CS combined services, one or more handover thresholds for CS services are used.
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Step 2 Start the evaluation of the cells that meet the quality requirement and start the time-to-trigger timer. If the measurement report meet the following formula and time-to-trigger timer doesn't expire, stop the time-to-trigger timer. Mother_RAT + CIOother_RAT < Tother_RAT - H/2 Where the parameters are the same as those previously described. Step 3 Select the cells in sequence, that is, from high quality cells to low quality ones, to initiate UMTS-to-GSM handover in the cells where the handover time-to-trigger timer expires. The length of the time-to-trigger timer is configured through the parameter Time to trigger for verified GSM cell (with BSIC acknowledged) or the parameter Time to trigger for non-verified GSM cell (with BSIC unacknowledged). ----End
Coverage-Based and QoS-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Event-Triggered Measurement Report Mode

After receiving the event 3A measurement report of GSM cells, the RNC performs the following decision and execution procedures: Step 1 Put all the GSM cells that trigger event 3A into a cell set and arrange the cells according to the measurement quality in descending order. Step 2 Select the cells in sequence from the cell set to perform inter-RAT handover. ----End
3.5.2 Load-Based and Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution

The load status between the source cell and the target cell can be acquired by interchanging load information between a UMTS cell and a GSM cell during the load-based and service-based UMTS-to-GSM handover. Thus, whether to further conduct the handover can be determined to avoid the 2G cell overload and possible handover to the congested cell.
Decision and Execution Procedure of Load or Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover

After receiving the event 3C measurement report of GSM cells, the RNC performs the following handover decision and execution procedure: Step 1 Put all the GSM cells that trigger event 3C into a cell set and arrange the cells according to the measurement quality in descending order. Step 2 Select the cells in sequence from the cell set. To avoid the impact of the UE (in long-term measurement of compressed mode) on the radio network, the parameter Inter-RAT handover max attempt times is set to restrict the maximum attempts of the UMTS-to-GSM load-based or service-based handover. The parameter indicates the handover attempts made to the same cell or different cells. If the number of attempts exceeds the parameter value, the RNC does not initiate the handover. ----End
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Interchanging Load Information in Load or Service-Based UMTS-to-GSM Handover

The procedure of load information interchanging between the 3G source cell and 2G target cell is described as follows: Step 1 When the RNC sends a RELOCATION REQUIRED message to the 3G CN,
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If the switch Send Load Info to GSM Ind is set to ON, the RELOCATION REQUIRED message includes the Information Element, Old BSS To New BSS Information that includes the load information of the 3G source cell. If the switch Send Load Info to GSM Ind is set to OFF, then the RELOCATION REQUIRED message does not include the Information Element, Old BSS To New BSS Information.
Step 2 When the RNC receives the RELOCATION COMMAND message from the 2G CN,
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If the switch NCOV Reloc Ind based on GSM cell load is set to ON, the RNC obtains the load information of the 2G target cell by reading the Information Element, Inter-System Information Transparent Container, which is included in the RELOCATION COMMAND message.
If the 2G load is lower than CS domain Reloc GSM load THD (for CS service), or if the 2G load is lower than PS domain Reloc GSM load THD (for PS service), the RNC continues the inter-RAT handover procedure; otherwise, the RNC returns the Relocation Cancel message to the CN to cancel this inter-RAT handover and makes another handover attempt to the next candidate cell generated in the cell list based on inter-RAT measurement. If the Information Element, Inter-System Information Transparent Container, is not included in the RELOCATION COMMAND message, the load information of the 2G target cell is not considered and this inter-RAT handover is continued.
If the switch NCOV Reloc Ind based on GSM cell load is set to OFF, the RNC continues the inter-RAT handover procedure without considering the thresholds.
----End
3.5.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Retry

In case of inter-RAT handover failure, if the cause of the failure is not a configuration failure and the retry timer expires, the UE makes handover attempts to the cell again until the retry number exceeds the maximum retry number. The inter-RAT handover retry algorithm works in the following two signaling procedures:
Signaling Procedure for Iu Relocation

Step 1 The RELOCATION REQUIRED message is initiated on the Iu interface. Step 2 If the RNC receives the RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message, the inter-RAT handover fails. If the cause of the failure is one of the following configuration failure, the RNC does not make a handover retry to the cell.
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Relocation Failure in Target CN/RNC or Target System, or Relocation not supported in Target RNC or Target System, or
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Relocation Target not allowed
Otherwise, the related retry timer for the cell is started. After the retry timer expires, the UE makes handover attempts to the cell again until the retry number exceeds the maximum retry number. Step 3 If the RNC receives the RELOCATION COMMAND message, the handover on the Uu interface continues. Step 4 If the handover succeeds or the new event 3A or 3C report is received, the periodical retry is stopped. ----End
Signaling Procedure for Service-Based Handover on the Uu Interface

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For CS services or CS and PS combined services, the HANDOVER FROM UTRAN signaling procedure on the Uu interface is performed only when the handover based on CS services is made. For a PS service or combined PS services, the CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN or HANDOVER FROM UTRAN signaling procedure on the Uu interface is performed. If the HANDOVER FROM UTRAN FAILURE or CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN FAILURE message is received, the handover on the Uu interface fails.
If the "Inter-RAT handover failure cause" in HANDOVER FROM UTRAN FAILURE message is "Configuration unacceptable", or if the "Inter-RAT change failure cause" in CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN FAILURE message is "Configuration unacceptable", the RNC does not make a handover retry to the cell. Otherwise, the related retry timer for the cell is started. After the retry timer expires, the UE makes a handover attempt to the cell again until the retry number exceeds the maximum number. If the handover succeeds or the new event 3A or 3C report is received, the periodical retry is stopped. The retry timer and maximum retry number for coverage-based and QoS-based inter-RAT handover are:
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3A event retry period 3A event retry max times
The retry timer and maximum retry number for load-based and service-based inter-RAT handover are:
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3C event retry period 3C event retry max times
3.5.4 UMTS-to-GSM Multimedia Fallback

Before the RNC performs handover for the UE that subscribes to the video phone (VP) service, the RNC initiates multimedia fallback to change the VP service to the Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech service, that is, to perform the UMTS-to-GSM handover based on the CS AMR speech service.
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Overview of Fallback Service

Compared with the traditional speech service of the GSM, the VP service of the UMTS can transmit not only speech services between the calling party and the called party, but also the images and videos captured by both parties. Since the actual implementation is limited by terminals and networks, the VP service sometimes carries only speech and may fail to transmit images or videos. In this scenario, the Service Change and Unrestricted Digital Information Fallback (SCUDIF) provides the fallback mechanism that changes a video call to a common speech call. As specified in 3GPP TS 23.172, the fallback service of the VP is categorized into the following two types:
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Fallback: the process of changing multimedia services back to speech services during call setup. The RNC doesn't take part in the process. Therefore the detailed description of Fall back process is not given hereinafter. Service change: the process of changing multimedia services back to speech services during the call.
The two types are both referred to as multimedia fallback in this feature.
Triggering of Fallback Service

Currently, the network-initiated multimedia fallback is performed only for the UMTS-to-GSM handover. RAN 6.1 and later releases do not support service changes caused by the UEs. Fallback is initiated on the following occasions:
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The RNC decides to send an inter-RAT handover request after receiving periodical measurement reports of event 1F, 3A, or 3C. The service is combined with a VP, and the "Alternative RAB Para" in the RAB ASSIGNMENT message is a valid AMR speech format.
Procedure of Fallback Service

The following figure shows the service change procedure of UMTS-to-GSM handover. The network initiates the service change, that is, the RNC initiates the change from the VP service to the speech service during the call.
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Figure 3-6 UMTS-to-GSM handover in the CS domain
The procedure for the fallback service is described as follows: Step 1 The CN sends the SRNC a RANAP RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENT message to set up the VP service. The message includes the "Alternative RAB Para" that has QoS parameters required for setting up the speech service. Step 2 During UMTS-to-GSM handover, the SRNC sends a RANAP MODIFY REQUEST message to change the VP service to the AMR speech service. In the 3GPP R6 protocol, the Alternative RAB Configuration is also added to the RAB MODIFY REQUEST message, which enables the RNC to request the CN to change the VP service to the AMR speech service. Step 3 The MSC initiates the Bearer Capability (BC) negotiation with the UE. Step 4 After the negotiation is modified, the RNC is informed of performing service change. The multimedia fallback ends when the service change is completed. When the multimedia fallback ends, the RNC decides whether to perform the UMTS-to-GSM handover according to the current measurements reported by the UE. At the beginning of the service setup, the RNC saves the RAB Para and "Alternative RAB Para" in the RAB ASSIGNMENT or REQUEST RELOCATION REQUEST message. This makes preparations for notifying the CN of changing the VP service to the AMR speech service. The CN initiates the RAB reconfiguration to inform the two calling parties of performing the multimedia fallback. The multimedia fallback of the calling party is consistent with that of the called party. The single VP service falls back to the single AMR speech service. The multi-RAB service combined with VP falls back to the multi-RAB service combined with AMR. If the multimedia fallback succeeds, that is, the video phone in the service falls back to speech successfully, the inter-RAT handover is initiated. Otherwise, the inter-RAT handover fails. ----End
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3.5.5 UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the PS Domain with NACC or PS Handover

The Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC) function can efficiently reduce the delay of UMTS-to-GSM handover. PS handover is similar to the inter-system handover in CS domains.
UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the PS Domain with NACC

Some services have requirements for the delay. If the handover takes too long, TCP may start slowly or data transmission of the stream service may be interrupted due to the overflow of the UE buffer. The introduction of NACC enables the system information exchange between different BSSs, or between BSS and RAN. Thus the inter-system delay, especially inter-system delay in PS domains, can be reduced. With NACC, the RNC sends the cell change order to the UE, which contains the GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) system information, when the UMTS-to-GSM handover in the PS domain is triggered. Figure 3-7 NACC procedure
The procedure is as follows: Step 1 After the SRNC receives a measurement report from the UE, the UE is reselected to the GERAN cell according to the decision. Step 2 The SRNC sends a RAN INFORMATION REQUEST message to the SGSN. Step 3 The SGSN forwards the message to the corresponding BSS. Step 4 The BSS sends a GERAN SI/PSI message to the SRNC via the SGSN. RAN INFORMATION message can either be On-demand (single report) or On-modification (multiple reports). Step 5 The SGSN forwards the report message to the SRNC through Iu interface. Step 6 If there are several report messages, the SRNC terminates reporting by the TERMINATION/END message. To enable the NACC function, do as follows:
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Run the SET CORRMALGOSWITCH command to set PS_3G2G_CELLCHG_NACC_SWITCH of Handover Algorithm switch to ON.
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Run the ADD GSMCELL/MOD GSMCELL command to set Inter-RAT cell support RIM indicator to TRUE.
----End
UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the PS Domain with PS Handover

To enable the PS HO function, do as follows:
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Run the SET CORRMALGOSWITCH command to set PS_3G2G_RELOCATION_SWITCH of Handover Algorithm switch parameter to ON. Run the ADD GSMCELL/MOD GSMCELL command to set Inter-RAT cell support PS HO indicator to TRUE.
3.6 Inter-RAT Handover of HSDPA

The introduction of HSDPA does not affect the inter-RAT handover algorithms. The switch CM permission ind on HSDPA decides whether the Compressed Mode (CM) can be used on HSDPA. For detailed information about the switch, see Inter-Frequency Handover of HSDPA. When the UE is handed over to a cell supporting the F-DPCH from another system and a UL or DL event 4A is reported, the RNC decides whether to change the bearing mode of TRB and SRB. If the TPC command is carried on the F-DPCH between the UE and the UTRAN, the SRB and the TRB are carried on the HS-DSCH. If a cell not supporting the F-DPCH is added to the active set, all the F-DPCHs are deleted. In addition, new DPCHs between the UE and all the cells in the active set are set up to carry the SRB and TPC commands. In this case, the TRB is still carried on the HS-DSCH.
3.7 Inter-RAT Handover of HSUPA

The introduction of HSUPA does not affect the inter-RAT handover algorithms. The switch CM permission ind on HSUPA decides whether the Compressed Mode (CM) can be used on HSUPA. For detailed information about the switch, see Inter-Frequency Handover of HSUPA.
3.8 GSM-to-UMTS Handover

The GSM-to-UMTS handover is initiated by the GSM network, where the dual-mode (GSM and WCDMA) MSs are required. To support the GSM-to-UMTS handover, both the GSM MSC and the GSM BSS must be upgraded.
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GSM-to-UMTS Handover Penalty Algorithm

For the GSM-to-UMTS handover, the measurement control message is delivered through a system information broadcast of 2G when the GSM cell has a WCDMA neighboring cell. The dual-mode MS performs the inter-RAT measurement in idle timeslots and reports the measurement results. Based on the reported measurement values, the BSC decides whether to perform the handover to the WCDMA network. If the decision is made, the BSC begins to perform the handover. To avoid the ping-pong handover between GSM and UMTS, the GSM-to-UMTS handover penalty alogrithm is used. When the UE is handed over from GSM to UMTS and if any CS domain service exists, the system increases the hysteresis of event 3A through the parameter Inter-RAT PingPong Hyst to prevent the UE from the ping-pong handover between GSM and UMTS in the period specified by the parameter Inter-RAT PingPong timer.
Interchanging Load Information in GSM-to-UMTS Load or Service-Based Handover

In GSM-to-UMTS handover based on load or service, RNC can make a decision about access admission considering the load information of the 3G target cell. This can avoid the worsening of the 3G system performance caused by GSM-to-UMTS handover based on load or service if the 3G system load is high. The procedure is described as follows: Step 1 When the RNC sends a Relocation Request Acknowledge message to the 3G CN,
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If the switch Send Load Info to GSM Ind is set to ON, the Relocation Request Acknowledge message includes the Information Element, New BSS To Old BSS Information, which includes the load information of the 3G target cell. If the switch Send Load Info to GSM Ind is set to OFF, the Relocation Request Acknowledge message does not include the Information Element, New BSS To Old BSS Information.
Depending on the network requirement, GSM decides whether to use the load information sent to 3G for judgement. Step 2 When the RNC receives the RELOCATION REQUEST message from the 3G CN,
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If the 3G cell is not in the basic congestion state, the RNC continues the inter-RAT handover procedure. If the 3G cell is in the basic congestion state, the RNC returns RELOCATION FAILURE message to the CN to cancel the inter-RAT handover.
For the concept of "basic congestion", see Basic Congestion Triggering.
----End
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3.9 Interoperability Between Inter-RAT Handover and Inter-Frequency Handover

During the coverage-based and QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM handover, the measurements on both inter-frequency and inter-RAT neighboring cells can be made, which enables the cells to provide continuous coverage and high quality. The preconditions for the measurements are as follows:
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Both inter-frequency and inter-RAT neighboring cells are available. Inter-freq and Inter-RAT coexist switch is set to SIMINTERFREQRAT.
If Inter-freq and Inter-RAT coexist switch is set as follows:

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Inter-frequency measurement, which means that the RNC allows the UE to perform only this type of measurement. Inter-RAT measurement, which means that the RNC allows the UE to perform only this type of measurement. Concurrent inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurement, which means that the RNC allows the UE to perform both types of measurement in compressed mode at the same time.
During the concurrent inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurement, the values of the parameter InterFreq and InterRat coexist measure threshold choice for events 2D and 2F are chosen as follows:
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When the value COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERFREQ is chosen, the inter-frequency measurement threshold for event 2D is used. When the value COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERRAT is chosen, the inter-RAT measurement threshold for event 2D is used.
3.10 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

There are five types of signaling procedures for inter-RAT handover.
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UMTS-to-GSM Handover in CS Domain UMTS to GSM Handover in PS Domain UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Both CS Domain and PS Domain GSM-to-UMTS Handover in CS Domain GSM-to-UMTS Handover in PS Domain
3.10.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover in CS Domain

This describes the UMTS-to-GSM handover in the CS domain. The following figure shows the signaling procedures for the UMTS-to-GSM handover in the CS domain.
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Figure 3-8 UMTS-to-GSM handover in the CS domain
The signaling procedures are described as follows: Step 1 The SRNC sends the 3G MSC a RANAP message RELOCATION REQUIRED if the condition of inter-RAT outgoing handover is met. Step 2 As indicated in the received message, the 3G MSC forwards this request to the 2G MSC on the MAP/E interface through a MAP message PREPARE HANDOVER. Step 3 The 2G MSC forwards the request to the BSC. The message shown in the figure is for reference only and is subject to the actual condition of the GSM. Step 4 The BSC responds to this request. The message shown in the figure is for reference only and is subject to the actual condition of the GSM. Step 5 Once the initial procedures are completed in the 2G MSC/BSS, the 2G MSC returns a MAP/E message PREPARE HANDOVER RESPONSE. Step 6 The 3G MSC sends the SRNC a RANAP message RELOCATION COMMAND.
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Step 7 The SRNC sends the UE an RRC message HANDOVER FROM UTRAN through the existing RRC connection. This message may include information from one or several other systems. Step 8 The BSC performs handover detection. The figure does not show such procedures as GSM BSS synchronization. The message shown in the figure is for reference only and is subject to the actual condition of the GSM. Step 9 The UE sends the BSC a HANDOVER COMPLETE message. Step 10 The BSC sends the MSC a HANDOVER COMPLETE message. The message shown in the figure is for reference only and is subject to the actual condition of the GSM. Step 11 After detecting the UE in the coverage area of the GSM, the MSC sends the CN a MAP/E message SEND END SIGNAL REQUEST. Step 12 The CN sends the former SRNC an IU RELEASE COMMAND message, requesting the former SRNC to release the allocated resource. Step 13 After the bearer resource is released in the UMTS, the former SRNC sends the CN an IU RELEASE COMPLETE message. Step 14 After the call ends, the CN sends the MSC a MAP/E message SEND END SIGNAL RESPONSE. ----End
3.10.2 UMTS to GSM Handover in PS Domain

For a UE in idle mode or connected mode, if the SGSN changes with the shift of the system that the UE accesses from UMTS to GSM, the inter-SGSN handover will be performed.
Handover for the UE in Connected Mode

The handover procedures are different in the following two cases:
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When the UE is in CELL_DCH state The UMTS-to-GSM handover in the PS domain is triggered after the UTRAN sends a CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN message.
When the UE is in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state The UMTS-to-GSM handover in the PS domain is triggered through the cell reselection.
The following figure shows an example of handover for the UE in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state.
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Figure 3-9 Example of the UMTS-to-GSM handover in the PS domain
The signaling procedures are described as follows: Step 1 The UE in CELL_DCH state or the UTRAN (when the UE is in CELL_FACH state) decides to initiate an inter-RAT handover in the PS domain to hand over the UE to a new GSM cell and stop the data transmission between the UE and the network. Step 2 The UE sends a ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST message to the 2G SGSN. The Update Type in the message indicates RA update, combined RA/LA update, or combined
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RA/LA update with IMSI attach. The BSS adds the CGI including the RAC and LAC of the cell to the received message before forwarding the message to a new 2G SGSN. Step 3 The new 2G SGSN sends an SGSN CONTEXT REQUEST message to the old 3G SGSN to obtain the MM and PDP contexts. The old 3G SGSN validates the old P-TMSI Signature. If the old P-TMSI Signature is valid, the old 3G SGSN starts a timer. Otherwise, the old 3G SGSN responds with an error cause. Step 4 If the UE stays in connected mode before handover, the old 3G SGSN sends an SRNS CONTEXT REQUEST message. After receiving this message, the SRNS buffers the PDUs, stops sending the PDUs to the UE, and sends an SRNS CONTEXT RESPONSE message to the old 3G SGSN. Step 5 The old 3G SGSN sends an SGSN CONTEXT RESPONSE message to the 2G SGSN, including the MM and PDP contexts. Step 6 The security functions can be executed. Step 7 The new 2G SGSN sends an SGSN CONTEXT ACKNOWLEDGE message to the old 3G SGSN. This informs the old 3G SGSN that the new 2G SGSN is ready to receive the PDUs belonging to the activated PDP contexts. Step 8 The old 3G SGSN sends a DATA FORWARD COMMAND message to the SRNS. The SRNS starts a data-forwarding timer and sends the buffered PDUs to the old 3G SGSN. Step 9 The old 3G SGSN tunnels the GTP PDUs to the new 2G SGSN. In the PDUs, the sequence numbers in the GTP header remain unchanged. Step 10 The new 2G SGSN sends an UPDATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to each related GGSN. Each GGSN sends an UPDATE PDP CONTEXT RESPONSE message after updating its PDP context fields. Step 11 The new 2G SGSN sends an UPDATE GPRS LOCATION message, requesting the HLR to modify the SGSN number. Step 12 The HLR sends a CANCEL LOCATION message to the old 3G SGSN. The old 3G SGSN responds with a CANCEL LOCATION ACK message. After the timer expires, the old 3G SGSN removes the MM and PDP contexts. Step 13 The old 3G SGSN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNS. After the data-forwarding timer expires, the SRNS responds with an IU RELEASE COMPLETE message. Step 14 The HLR sends an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA message to the new 2G SGSN. The 2G SGSN constructs an MM context and PDP contexts for the UE and returns an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA ACK message to the HLR. Step 15 The HLR sends an UPDATE GPRS LOCATION ACK message to the new 2G SGSN. Step 16 If the association has to be established, the new 2G SGSN sends a LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST message to the VLR. The VLR stores the SGSN number for creating or updating the association. Step 17 If the subscriber data in the VLR is marked as not confirmed by the HLR, the new VLR informs the HLR. The HLR cancels the old VLR and inserts subscriber data in the new VLR. 1. 2. The new VLR sends an UPDATE LOCATION message to the HLR. The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR by sending a CANCEL LOCATION message to the old VLR.
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3. 4. 5. 6.
The old VLR acknowledges the message by responding with a CANCEL LOCATION ACK message. The HLR sends an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA message to the new VLR. The new VLR acknowledges the message by responding with an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA ACK message. The HLR responds with a UPDATE LOCATION ACK message to the new VLR.
Step 18 The new VLR allocates a new TMSI and responds with a LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT message to the 2G SGSN. Step 19 The new 2G SGSN checks the presence of the MS in the new RA. If all checks are successful, the new 2G SGSN constructs the MM and PDP contexts for the MS. A logical link is established between the new 2G SGSN and the UE. The 2G SGSN responds to the UE with a ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT message. Step 20 The UE acknowledges the new P-TMSI by returning a ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE message, including all PDUs successfully sent to the UE before the routing area update procedure. Step 21 The new 2G SGSN sends a TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE message to the new VLR if the UE confirms the VLR TMSI. Step 22 The 2G SGSN and the BSS perform the BSS PACKET FLOW CONTEXT procedure. ----End
Handover for the UE in Idle Mode

When the UE is in idle mode, the cell reselection procedure does not include the subprocedure marked with "UE CONNECTED".
3.10.3 UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Both CS Domain and PS Domain

UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Both CS Domain and PS Domain describes the UMTS-to-GSM handover in both CS domain and PS domain.
Inter-RAT Handover in Both CS Domain and PS Domain

For a UE in CELL_DCH state using both CS and PS domain services, the inter-RAT handover procedure is based on the measurement reports from the UE but is initiated from the UTRAN. The UE performs the inter-RAT handover from UTRA RRC Connected Mode to GSM Connected Mode first. After the UE sends a handover complete message to the GSM/BSS, the UE initiates a temporary block flow towards the GPRS to suspend the GPRS services. After the CS domain services are released on the GSM side, the inter-RAT handover in the PS domain resumes, which indicates that the handover is completed. If the inter-RAT handover from UTRA RRC Connected Mode to GSM Connected Mode succeeds, the handover is regarded as successful, no matter whether the UE initiates a temporary block flow towards the GPRS. In case of inter-RAT handover failure, the UE may go back to the UTRA RRC Connected Mode and re-establish the connection in the original state.
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Intra-SGSN Service Suspend and Resume

Figure 3-10 Intra-SGSN PS service suspend and resume
The signaling procedures are described as follows: Step 1 The UE in connection with both CS and PS domains performs the UMTS-to-GSM handover, during which the CS service is handed over to the GSM. Step 2 The UE sends a SUSPEND message to the BSS. Step 3 The BSS forwards the SUSPEND message to the SGSN. The SGSN sends an SRNS CONTEXT REQUEST message to the SRNS, requesting the SRNS to stop sending downlink PDUs. After receiving the message, the SRNS buffers downlink PDUs and responds to the SGSN with an SRNS CONTEXT RESPONSE message. The SGSN returns a SUSPEND ACK message to the BSS. Step 4 When the CS connection is terminated, the BSS may send a RESUME message to the SGSN. However, resume is impossible since the radio access system has changed. Therefore, the SGSN acknowledges the resume through a RESUME NACK message. Step 5 The BSS sends an RR message CHANNEL RELEASE to the UE, indicating that the BSS fails to request the SGSN to resume the GPRS service for the UE. Step 6 The UE sends a ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST message to the SGSN to resume the GPRS service. The update mode depends on the network operation mode in use. ----End
Inter-SGSN Service Suspend and Resume

The UE performs inter-RAT handover from UMTS to GSM during the CS connection, and the SGSN handling GSM cells is different from the SGSN handling UMTS cells, that is, the 2G and 3G SGSNs are separated.
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Figure 3-11 Inter-SGSN service suspend and resume
The signaling procedures are described as follows: Step 1 The UE in connection with both CS and PS domains performs the UMTS-to-GSM handover, during which the CS service is handed over to the GSM. Step 2 The UE sends a SUSPEND message to the BSS. Step 3 The BSS forwards the SUSPEND message to the 2G SGSN. The 2G SGSN sends a SUSPEND ACK message to the BSS. Step 4 After the CS connection is terminated, the BSS may send a RESUME message to the 2G SGSN. Since the resume is not required for the 3G SGSN, the 2G SGSN acknowledges the resume through a RESUME NACK message. Step 5 The BSS sends an RR message CHANNEL RELEASE to the UE, indicating that the BSS fails to request the SGSN to resume the GPRS service for the UE. Step 6 The UE sends a ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST message to the SGSN to resume the GPRS service. The update mode depends on the network operation mode in use. ----End
3.10.4 GSM-to-UMTS Handover in CS Domain

When a GSM cell has a neighboring UMTS cell, the measurement control information is contained in the system information. The dual-mode UE performs the inter-RAT measurement in idle timeslots and reports the measurement result. The BSC decides whether to start the inter-RAT handover according to the measurement result. The GSM system uses time division multiple access technology, and the inter-RAT measurement is performed in idle timeslots. Therefore, the GSM need not support the compressed mode.
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Figure 3-12 GSM-to-UMTS handover in the CS domain
The signaling procedures are described as follows: Step 1 The GSM decides to hand over the UE to the UMTS based on the measurement. The BSC sends a HANDOVER REQUIRED message to the 2G MSC, requesting the UMTS to prepare for handover. Step 2 The 2G MSC forwards a MAP/E message PREPARE HANDOVER to the 3G MSC. Step 3 The 3G MSC sends a RELOCATION REQUEST message to the RNC. Step 4 After preparation, the RNC sends a RELOCATION REQUEST ACK message to 3G MSC. Step 5 The 3G MSC sends a MAP/E message PREPARE HANDOVER RESPONSE to the 2G MSC. Step 6 The 2G MSC sends a HANDOVER COMMAND message as a response to the initial request of the BSC. Step 7 If the radio link exists, the BSC sends an INTER-SYSTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER COMMAND message to the UE, instructing the GSM-to-UMTS handover. Step 8 When detecting the UE, the RNC sends a RELOCATION DETECT message to the 3G MSC. Step 9 After the handover, the UE sends a HANDOVER COMPLETE message to the RNC. Step 10 The RNC sends a RELOCATION COMPLETE message to the 3G MSC.
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Step 11 When detecting that the UE is in the coverage area of the UMTS, the 3G MSC sends a SEND END SIGNAL REQUEST message to the 2G MSC, indicating that the handover is completed and the GSM resources occupied by the UE can be released. Step 12 The 2G MSC sends a CLEAR COMMAND message to the BSC, requesting the BSC to release related resources. Step 13 After the release, the GSM BSC sends a CLEAR COMPLETE message to the 2G MSC. Step 14 The 2G MSC sends a SEND END SIGNAL RESPONSE message to the 3G MSC. ----End
3.10.5 GSM-to-UMTS Handover in PS Domain

GSM-to-UMTS Handover in PS Domain describes the GSM-to-UMTS handover in the PS domain.
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Figure 3-13 GSM-to-UMTS handover in the PS domain
The signaling procedures are described as follows: Step 1 The GSM decides to perform an inter-RAT handover in the PS domain and stops the data transmission between the UE and the network. Step 2 The UE sends a ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST message to the 3G SGSN. The Update Type parameter indicates RA update, combined RA/LA update, or combined RA/LA
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update with IMSI attach. The SRNC adds the RAC and LAC of the cell to the received message before forwarding the message to the new 3G SGSN. Step 3 The 3G SGSN obtains the address of the old 2G SGSN, and then sends an SGSN CONTEXT REQUEST message to the old 2G SGSN to construct the MM and PDP contexts for the UE. The old 2G SGSN validates the P-TMSI signature of the UE. If the signature is valid or is validated by the 3G SGSN, the 2G SGSN starts a timer. Step 4 The old 2G SGSN responds with an SGSN CONTEXT RESPONSE message, including the MM and PDP contexts. Step 5 The security functions can be executed. Step 6 The 3G SGSN sends an SGSN CONTEXT ACKNOWLEDGE message to the 2G SGSN. The message informs the 2G SGSN that the 3G SGSN is ready to receive the PDUs belonging to the activated PDP contexts. Step 7 The 2G SGSN copies and buffers N-PDUs, and then sends them to the 3G SGSN. Before the timer expires, if there are other N-PDUs from the GGSN, the 2G SGSN copies and sends them to the 3G SGSN. After the timer expires, the 2G SGSN does not send N-PDUs to the 3G SGSN any more. Step 8 The 3G SGSN sends an UPDATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to each related GGSN. Each GGSN updates its PDP context and responds with an UPDATE PDP CONTEXT RESPONSE message. Step 9 The 3G SGSN sends an UPDATE GPRS LOCATION message to the HLR. Step 10 The HLR sends a CANCEL LOCATION message to the 2G SGSN. After the timer expires, the 2G SGSN removes the MM and PDP contexts. The 2G SGSN responds with a CANCEL LOCATION ACK message. Step 11 The HLR sends an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA message to the 3G SGSN. The 3G SGSN constructs an MM context and sends an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA ACK message to the HLR. Step 12 The HLR sends an UPDATE GPRS LOCATION BY RETURNING AN UPDATE GPRS LOCATION ACK message to the 3G SGSN. Step 13 If the association has to be established, that is, if the Update Type parameter indicates a combined RA/LA update with IMSI attach requested, or if the LA changed with the RA update, the 2G SGSN sends a LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST message to the VLR. The VLR stores the SGSN number for creating or updating the association. Step 14 If the subscriber data in the VLR is marked as not confirmed by the HLR, the new VLR informs the HLR. The HLR cancels the old VLR and inserts subscriber data in the new VLR. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The new VLR sends an UPDATE LOCATION message to the HLR. The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR by sending a CANCEL LOCATION message to the old VLR. The old VLR acknowledges the message by responding with a CANCEL LOCATION ACK message. The HLR sends an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA message to the new VLR. The new VLR acknowledges the message by responding with an INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA ACK message. The HLR responds with an UPDATE LOCATION ACK message to the new VLR.
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Step 15 The new VLR allocates a new TMSI and notifies the 3G SGSN by sending a LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT message. Step 16 The 3G SGSN checks the presence of the MS in the new RA. If all checks are successful, the 3G SGSN constructs MM and PDP contexts for the MS. The 3G SGSN sends a ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT message to the UE. Step 17 The UE sends a ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE message to confirm the allocated P-TMSI. Step 18 The 3G SGSN sends a TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE message to the new VLR. Step 19 If the UE has uplink data or signaling to send, the UE sends a SERVICE REQUEST message to the SGSN. The service type indicates the required service (data or signaling). Step 20 The 3G SGSN sends a RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message to the SRNS. The SRNS sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP REQUEST message to the UE. The UE responds with a RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE message. The SRNS sends a RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE message to the SGSN. The SRNS sends N-PDUs to the UE. ----End
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4 Inter-RAT Handover Parameters
Inter-RAT Handover Parameters
Inter-RAT Handover Parameters provides information on the effective level and configuration of the parameters related to the feature. Table 4-1 Parameters related to Inter-RAT Handover Parameter Name Parameter ID Effective Level Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) 2D event trigger delay time TrigTime2D RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) 2F event trigger delay time TrigTime2F RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC RNC Configuration on ...
2D hysteresis
HystFor2D
RNC
2D2F filter coeff
FilterCoefOf2D2F
RNC
2F hysteresis 3A event retry max times
HystFor2F
RNC
AmntOfRpt3A
RNC
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLQOSHO) RNC(SET QOSHO) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV)
Configuration on ...
3A event retry period
PeriodFor3A
RNC
3A event trigger delay time
TrigTime3A
RNC
3A hysteresis
Hystfor3A
RNC
3A Measure Quantity 3A Used-Freq Measure Quantity for Qos
MeasQuantityOf3A UsedFreqMeasQuantit yForQos3A
RNC
RNC
3C event retry max times
AmntOfRpt3C
RNC
3C event retry period
PeriodFor3C
RNC
3C event trigger delay time
TrigTime3C
RNC
3C hysteresis
Hystfor3C
RNC
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLSETUP) RNC(ADD NRNCCELL) RNC(SET CMCF) RNC(SET CORRMALGOSWIT CH) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) RNC(SET CMCF) Cell(ADD CELLCMCF) RNC(SET CMCF) RNC(SET CMCF) Cell(ADD CELLQOSHO) RNC(SET QOSHO) Cell(ADD CELLQOSHO) RNC(SET QOSHO) RNC(SET CORRMALGOSWIT CH)
BSIC verify switch
BSICVerify
RNC
Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset CM permission ind on HSDPA CMCF Algorithm Switch
CIO HsdpaCMPermissionIn d
RNC RNC
CmcfSwitch
RNC
CS domain Reloc GSM load THD Dl SF limit CM ind
CSHOOut2GloadThd DlSFLimitCMInd
RNC RNC
DL SF threshold Dl SF threshold to limit CM Down Link Qos Measure timer length Down Link RSCP Used-Freq THD Hyst Handover Algorithm Switch
DlSFTurnPoint LimitCMDlSFThd
RNC RNC
DLQosMcTimerLen
RNC
DlRscpQosHyst
RNC
HoSwitch
RNC
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Parameter Name InterFreq and InterRat coexist measure threshold choice Inter-freq and Inter-RAT coexist switch
Parameter ID
Effective Level Cell(ADD CELLHOCOMM) RNC(SET HOCOMM) Cell(ADD CELLHOCOMM) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD GSMCELL) Cell(ADD GSMCELL) Cell(ADD GSMCELL)
CoexistMeasThdChoic e
RNC
InterFreqRATSwitch
RNC
Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
UsedFreqCSThdEcN0
RNC
Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
UsedFreqCSThdRSCP
RNC
Inter-RAT H Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
UsedFreqHThdEcN0
RNC
Inter-RAT H Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
UsedFreqHThdRSCP
RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
UsedFreqR99PsThdEc N0
RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD Inter-RAT cell support PS HO indicator Inter-RAT cell support RIM indicator Inter-RAT cell type
UsedFreqR99PsThdRS CP
RNC
SuppPSHOFlag
RNC
SuppRIMFlag RatCellType
RNC RNC
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV)
Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD
TargetRatCsThd
RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLHOCOMM) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO
RNC
Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD Inter-RAT CS handover switch
InterRATNCovHOCS Thd CSServiceHOSwitch
RNC RNC
Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD
InterRATCSThd2DEc N0
RNC
Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD
InterRATCSThd2DRS CP
RNC
Inter-RAT CS measure stop Ec/No THD
InterRATCSThd2FEc N0
RNC
Inter-RAT CS measure stop RSCP THD
InterRATCSThd2FRS CP
RNC
Inter-RAT filter coeff Inter-RAT H handover decision
InterRATFilterCoef TargetRatHThd
RNC RNC
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Parameter Name THD
Parameter ID
Effective Level COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO
Inter-RAT H measure start Ec/No THD
InterRATHThd2DEcN 0
RNC
Inter-RAT H measure start RSCP THD
InterRATHThd2DRSC P
RNC
Inter-RAT H measure stop Ec/No THD
InterRATHThd2FEcN 0
RNC
Inter-RAT H measure stop RSCP THD
InterRATHThd2FRSC P
RNC
Inter-RAT handover max attempt times
InterRATHOAttempts
RNC
Inter-RAT hysteresis
HystforInterRAT
RNC
Inter-RAT measure timer length Inter-RAT PingPong

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InterRATMeasTime InterRATPingPongHys
RNC RNC
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Parameter Name Hyst
Parameter ID t
Effective Level COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV)
Inter-RAT PingPong timer
InterRATPingPongTim er
RNC
Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD Inter-RAT PS handover switch
InterRATNCovHOPST hd PSServiceHOSwitch
RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD CELLHOCOMM) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET
RNC RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS handover decision THD
TargetRatR99PsThd
RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS measure start Ec/No THD
InterRATR99PsThd2D EcN0
RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS measure start RSCP THD
InterRATR99PsThd2D RSCP
RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS measure stop Ec/No THD
InterRATR99PsThd2F EcN0
RNC
Inter-RAT R99 PS measure stop RSCP THD
InterRATR99PsThd2F RSCP
RNC
Inter-RAT report mode
InterRatReportMode
RNC
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level INTERRATHOCOV)
NCOV Reloc Ind based on GSM cell load
NcovHoOn2GldInd
RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD INTERFREQNCELL ) Cell(ADD INTRAFREQNCELL )
RNC
Neighboring cell oriented CIO
CIOOffset
Cell(ADD GSMNCELL) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO NCOV) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) RNC(SET INTERRATHONCO V) Cell(ADD INTERFREQNCELL ) Cell(ADD INTRAFREQNCELL ) Cell(ADD GSMNCELL) Cell(ADD INTRAFREQNCELL ) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV)
RNC
PS domain Reloc GSM load THD Send Load Info to GSM Ind
PSHOOut2GloadThd
RNC
SndLdInfo2GsmInd
RNC
The flag of the priority The priority of neighbor cell
NPrioFlag
RNC
NPrio
RNC
Time to trigger for non-verified GSM cell
TimeToTrigForNonVe rify
Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV) Cell(ADD CELLCMCF) RNC(SET CMCF)
RNC
Time to trigger for verified GSM cell
TimeToTrigForVerify
RNC
UL SF threshold
UlSFTurnPoint
RNC
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level Cell(ADD CELLQOSHO) RNC(SET QOSHO) Cell(ADD CELLINTERFREQH OCOV) RNC(SET INTERFREQHOCO V) Cell(ADD CELLINTERRATHO COV) RNC(SET INTERRATHOCOV)
Up Link Qos Measure timer length
ULQosMcTimerLen
RNC
Weight for Used frequency
WeightForUsedFreq
RNC
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5 Reference Documents
5
l l l l l l
Reference Documents
Inter-RAT Handover Reference Documents lists the reference documents related to the feature. 3GPP TS 23.122: Non Access Stratum functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode 3GPP TS 24.008: Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification; Core Network Protocols Stage 3 3GPP TS 25.304: UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell Reselection in Connected Mode 3GPP TS 25.331: RRC Protocol Specification 3GPP TS 23.060: General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description 3GPP TS 25.931: UTRAN Functions, Examples on Signalling Procedures
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Inter-RAT Handover Description

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4 Inter-RAT Handover Parameters ...................................................................................... 4-25 5 Reference Documents......................................................................................................... 5-25

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1 Inter-RAT Handover Change History

Inter-RAT Handover Change History

Document and Product Versions

There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:

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Change Type Feature change

Change Description None

A parameter list is added. See chapter 4 Inter-RAT Handover Parameters.

Parameter Change None None

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Change Type Feature change

Deleted parameter Added parameter

Deleted parameter Added parameters

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Parameter Change Added parameters

The default of 3C hysteresis is changed from 4 to 0. None

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2 Inter-RAT Handover Introduction

Inter-RAT Handover Introduction

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Network Elements Involved

NOTE l = NE not involved

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3 Inter-RAT Handover Algorithms

Inter-RAT Handover Algorithms

3.1 UMTS-to-GSM Handover Types

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