COMBINATIONS OF LOADS

COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
 Buildings, towers & other structures and all

portions thereof shall be designed to resist the load combinations specified in section 203.3 or 203.4 & where req. By section 208 & the special seismic load combinations of section 203.5
 The most critical effect can occur when one or

more of the contributing loads are not acting. All applicable loads shall be considered, including both earthquake & wind, in accordance w/ the specified load combinations.

SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS

D - Dead load E Earthquake load Em estimate max earthquake F Load due to fluids w/ well defined pressures & max heights H Load due to lateral pressure of soil & water in soil L Live load Lr Roof live load P Ponding loading R Rain load on the undeflected roof W load due to wind pressure T self straining force & effects arrising from construction or expansion resulting from temp. Change, shrinkage, moisture storage, creep in component materials movement due to differential statement on combinations therof.

COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
 This code requires the use of allowable stress

design of wood members and their fastening (see NSCP 2001 section 601 & 604). NSCP section 203.4 permits two different combinations of load method. These are: 1. Allowable stress design (ASD) of NSCP 2001 section 203.4.1 2. Alternate allowable stress design of NSCP 2001 section 203.4.2

ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN

 Is a method of proportioning & designing

structural members such that elastically computed stresses produced in the members by nominal loads do not exceed specified allowable stress.

Example
This method is done for plywood shear wall shown below. The wall in a light wood framed building.

The information is given: Zone 4 Ca = 0.40 I = 1.0 p = 1.0 VE = 17.84 (seismic force determined from NSCP 2001 section 208.5.2) Gravity Loads: Dead WD = 0.30 KN / linear meter (tributary load, including weight of wall) LIVE WL = 0.00 (Roof load supported by other elements). Determine the required design for shear capacity q and hold-down capacity T for the following load combinations: 1. Basic allowable stress design 2. Alternate allowable stress design

1.BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN



The governing load combinations for basic allowable stress design are NSCP 2001 equations (203-9), (203-10), (203-11). These are used w/o the usual 1/3 stress inc. Except as permitted by NSCP 2001 section 308.2 for soil pressure. For wood design, however, the allowable stresses for short-time load due to wind or earthquake may be used. D + E / 1.4 0.9 D E / 1.4 D + 0.75L + 0.75E / 1.4 NSCP equations (203-9) NSCP equations (203-10) NSCP equations (203-11)

  

Where: E = pEh + Ev = 1.0 Eh + 0 = Eh

NSCP equations (208-1)

Note that under the provisions of NSCP 2001 section 208.5.1.1. Ev is taken as zero in ASD.

ALTERNATE ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN

 Under this method of load combination, the customary 1/3

inc. In allowable stress is allowed. The governing load combinations, in the absence of snow load are the ff: NSCP equations (203-14) NSCP equations (203-10)

 D + L + E/1.4  0.9D E /1.4

Where: E = pEh + Ev = 1.0 Eh + 0 = Eh

NSCP equations (208-1)

Note that under the provisions of NSCP 2001 section 208.5.1.1. Ev is taken as zero in ASD.