Professional Documents
Culture Documents
*G
4 -
&or
~ ~
--
GIN
WASHINGTON, 0.
c.
JUNE 1977
I 1. Report No.
4. Title and Subtitle
3. Recipient's Catalog No
5. Repon Date
FORCE AND PRESSURE TESTS O F THE GA(W)-1 A I R F O I L WITH A 20% AILERON AND PRESSURE TESTS WITH A 30% FOWLER FLAP
7. Authorlsl
June 1977
6. Performing Organization Code
WSU AR 76-1
10. Work Unit No.
505-06-33-1 0
11. Contract or Grant No.
NSG-1165
13. Type of Repon and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
C o n t r a c t o r Report
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
A ir f o i1 Flap A i 1e r o n Pressure d i s t r i b u t i o n s
19. Security Classif. (of this report1
Unclassified - Unlimited
Subject C a t e g o r y 02
20. Security Classif. (of this page)
21.
NO. o f pages
22. Price'
Unclassified
Unclassified
34
$5.00
SUMMARY
Wind t u n n e l f o r c e and p r e s s u r e t e s t s h a v e b e e n c o n d u c t e d f o r t h e G A ( W J - 1 a i r f o i l e q u i p p e d w i t h a 20% a i l e r o n , and press u r e t e s t s have been c o n d u c t e d w i t h a 30% Fowler f l a p . Mach number o f 0 . 1 3 .
All
w e l l as h i n g e moment c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .
GA(W)-1
The a f t camber of t h e
s e c t i o n r e s u l t s i n a s u b s t a n t i a l u p - a i l e r o n moment,
b u t t h e h i n g e moments a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a i l e r o n d e f l e c t i o n a r e
similar t o o t h e r configurations.
iii
INTRODUCTION
of t h e a i r f o i l f i t t e d w i t h a 2 0 % a i l e r o n , a n d p r e s s u r e s t u d i e s
of t h e a i r f o i l w i t h a 3 0 % F o w l e r f l a p .
t o r s b e t w e e n t h e v a r i o u s u n i t s may b e f o u n d i n r e f e r e n c e 4 .
symbols u s e d i n t h e p r e s e n t r e p o r t a r e d e f i n e d as f o l l o w s :
C
A i r f o i l reference chord ( flap-nested) A i r f o i l s e c t i o n drag c o e f f i c i e n t , s e c t i o n drag/ (dynamic p r e s s u r e x c h o r d ) F l a p chord C o n t r o l s u r f a c e h i n g e moment c o e f f i c i e n t , s e c t i o n moment/ (dynamic p r e s s u r e x c o n t r o l s u r f a c e r e f e r e n c e c h o r d 2 ) Airfoil section l i f t coefficient, section lift/(dynamic pressure x chord) A i r f o i l s e c t i o n p i t c h i n g moment c o e f f i c i e n t w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e . 2 5 c l o c a t i o n , s e c t i o n moment/(dynamic p r e s s u r e x chord2) A i r f o i l o r f l a p normal f o r c e c o e f f i c i e n t , s e c t i o n n o r m a l f o r c e / (dynamic p r e s s u r e x c h o r d ) C o e f f i c i e n t of p r e s s u r e , Cove l e n g t h
Static pressure
Cd Cf
C
m
n
(p-p,)/dynamic
pressure
kc
p x
z
a
A
Subscripts:
a
f p
m
APPARATUS FJJD TEST PJIETHODS Model D e s c r i p t i o n The GA(W)-1 a i r f o i l i s a 1 7 % maximum t h i c k n e s s s e c t i o n d e v e l oped a t t h e NASA Langley R e s e a r c h C e n t e r (Ref. 1 ) . t h e WSU two-dimensional
( 3 6 i n c h ) s p a n and 6 1 . 0 c m ( 2 4 i n c h ) c h o r d .
For tests i n
o f t h e model w a s f a b r i c a t e d f r o m l a m i n a t e d manogany b o n d e d t o a
2 . 5 c m x 3 4 . 8 c m (I i n c h x 1 3 . 7 i n c h ) aluminum s p a r .
Models a r e f i t t e d Geometric c o n t o u r
T e s t s were made
w i t h z e r o g a p by s e a l i n g t h e s l o t w i t h c l o t h - b a c k e d a d h e s i v e t a p e The F o w l e r f l a p h a s 3 0 % c h o r d w i t h f u l l F o w l e r a c t i o n p o s s i b l e
as shown i n f i g u r e l ( b ) .
The f o r c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d o p t i m i z a t i o n
mm
of p r e s s u r e s c a n n i n g s w i t c h e s .
The t u n n e l i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a
x 1 06 L i f t , d r a g a n d p i t c h i n g moment d a t a
a r e o b t a i n e d by d i r e c t l o a d c e l l m e a s u r e m e n t s f r o m t h e t u n n e l
Drag d a t a a r e c o r r e c t e d f o r e n d p l a t e t a r e d r a g
The t e s t s e c t i o n w i t h
two-dimensional
i n s e r t s is 0 . 9 1 m x 2 . 1 3 m ( 3 f e e t x 7 f e e t ) .
Complete d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e i n s e r t a n d c a l i b r a t i o n d e t a i Is a r e given i n r e f e r e n c e 6 . TEST RESULTS Force T e s t s with 20% Aileron R e s u l t s of three-component f o r c e m e a s u r e m e n t s are shown i n
1% and 2 % a i l e r o n gaps.
Cross-
p l o t s o f i m p o r t a n t i n c r e m e n t a l e f f e c t s o f a i l e r o n d e f l e c t i o n are T h e s e d a t a show t h a t t h e a i l e r o n p r o v i d e s p o s i t i v e c o n t r o l r e s p o n s e o r d e f l e c t i o n s from - 6 0 " of a t t a c k r a n g e p r i o r t o s t a l l . From t h e cI1 v s . a l p h a curves , i t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t down a i l e This a n g l e s of a t t a c k . r o n r e s u l t s i n e a r l y s t a l l i n g , a n d c o n v e r s e l y f o r up a i l e r o n . means t h a t c o n t r o l r e v e r s a l occurs a t p o s t - s t a l l t o +60 t h r o u g h o u t t h e a n g l e
d r a g i n c r e a s e f o r down a i l e r o n t h a n f o r u p a i l e r o n . wing.
This d r a g
d i f f e r e n c e w i l l p r o d u c e a d v e r s e yawing moments on a f i n i t e s p a n
I t must b e remembered, h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e p r i n c i p a l c o n t r i -
o p e n i n g t h e g a p from 0 % t o 2 . 0 % r e s u l t s i n o n l y v e r y s l i g h t deg r a d a t i o n of c o n t r o l a u t h o r i t y . 3 ( a ) t h r o u g h 3 ( d ) shows t h a t t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t o f g a p opening i s t o increase t h e b a s i c s e c t i o n d r a g w i t h z e r o a i l e r o n deflection. T h i s e f f e c t becomes more p r o n o u n c e d a s l i f t c o e f f i a c t u a l l y i n c r e a s e cRmax Gaps o f 0 . 5 % and 1% cient is increased. provided.
s l i g h t l y , e v i d e n t l y as a r e s u l t o f t h e b o u n d a r y l a y e r e n e r g i z a t i o n
A g a p o f 0 . 5 % would seem t o b e a good compromise, p r o -
z e r o g a p t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r g a p s e a l i n g h a d any s i g n i f i c a n t i n fluence (figure 8 ) . B e c a u s e o f t h e e x t e n s i v e t i m e r e q u i r e d t o obComparison o f f i g u r e s t a i n p r e s s u r e d a t a , complete p r e s s u r e surveys w e r e conducted o n l y f o r t h e 0.5% gap c o n f i g u r a t i o n ( f i g u r e 9 ) . distributions. A i l e r o n h i n g e moment d a t a w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e 8 0 % c h o r d h i n g e l i n e l o c a t i o n were o b t a i n e d by n u m e r i c a l i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h e s u r f a c e pressure data.
8 and 9 shows t h a t t h e g a p h a s l i t t l e e f f e c t on o v e r a l l p r e s s u r e
R e s u l t s o f t h i s a n a l y s i s a r e shown i n f i g u r e 1 0 .
The 0 . 5 % g a p h a s n e g l i g i b l e e f f e c t o n h i n g e momoments w i t h This is a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e
z e r o d e f l e c t i o n a t h i g h a n g l e s of a t t a c k . t h e GA(W)-1 a i r f o i l s e c t i o n .
r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e camber n e a r t h e t r a i l i n q e d g e which c h a r a c t e r i z e s
a s l i g h t l y m o d i f i e d 40'
f l a p t r a c k design. u r e 11.
f l a p s e t t i n g w a s developed t o s i m p l i f y
c1
The c R v s .
p e r f o r m a n c e w i t h o r i g i n a l and
r e t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f t h e a i r f o i l - f l a p c o m b i n a t i o n ( u s i n g t h e method
of r e f e r e n c e 7 ) w i t h t h e t r u e c o v e s h a p e i n v a r i a b l y r e s u l t s i n a
It was
e x p e r i m e n t a l l y observed t h a t t h e flow does separate i n t h e r e g i o n , Since t h e present t h e o r e t i c a l t e c h n i q u e s do n o t account f o r f l o w r e a t t a c h m e n t , it w a s decided t h a t t h e e f f e c t i v e a i r f o i l contour should be modified i n t h e cove r e g i o n t o approximate t h e s e p a r a t i o n and r e a t t a c h m e n t . F i g u r e 1 3 c o m p a r e s r e s u l t s o f a n a l y s e s u s i n g t h r e e cove c o n t o u r s w i t h a n e x p e r i m e n t a l p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r 30' angle of attack. B a s e d upon t h e s e r e s u l t s , a d e c i s i o n w a s made t o a p p r o x i m a t e t h e e f f e c t i v e s h a p e o f t h e f r e e s t r e a m l i n e w i t h i n t h e cove by a s t r a i g h t l i n e f r o m t h e c o v e e n t r a n c e t o t h e 7 5 % assumed r e a t t a c h ment l o c a t i o n .
I t i s s e e n t h a t t h i s m o d i f i c a t i o n r e s u l t s i n cons i d e r a b l e improvement i n t h e p r e d i c t i o n of p r e s s u r e s n e a r t h e a i r -
f l a p a t 10.3'
f o i l t r a i l i n g edge.
Two a d d i t i o n a l d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s e i n u t i l i z First,
i n g t h e t h e o r e t i c a l computing r o u t i n e . p r o g r a m may i n d i c a t e f l o w s e p a r a t i o n .
t h e computational
a t 0 . 9 5 ~o r f u r t h e r a f t , l i t t l e c h a n g e i n p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n i s
e x p e c t e d , and t h e program r e s u l t s are p r o b a b l y v a l i d . p r e s s u r e s are e x p e c t e d .
a s u b s t a n t i a l r e g i o n of s e p a r a t i o n i s p r e s e n t , l a r g e chanqes i n
C a l c u l a t i o n o f s e p a r a t e d f l o w cases i s beyond t h e c a p a b i l i t y o f t h e p r e s e n t c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m , and t h e r e f o r e computer-predicted p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n s are probably i n v a l i d f o r t h e s e cases.
o f cases t h e p r o g r a m p r i n t s a " c o n f l u e n t b o u n d a r y l a y e r e r r o r " message, i n d i c a t i n g t h a t s l o t flow v e l o c i t y and o u t e r flow v e l o c i t y a r e n o t w i t h i n l i m i t s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e program. p r o v i d e d by t h e program. F i g u r e s 1 4 t h r o u g h 1 7 compare t h e o r e t i c a l p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n s w i t h ' e x p e r i m e n t a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s f o r a number o f c a s e s . Normal f o r c e c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r a i r f o i l a n d f l a p o b t a i n e d f r o m i n t e g r a t i o n o f s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e s a r e a l s o compared w i t h t h e o r y i n these figures. The a g r e e m e n t i s g e n e r a l l y q u i t e good f o r f l a p a n d a n g l e s o f a t t a c k below s t a l l . F o r 40' d e f l e c t i o n s up t o 30'
No means
f o r o b t a i n i n g proper c o n v e r g e n c e f o r t h e s e cases a r e p r e s e n t l y
f l a p I t h e t h e o r y c o n s i s t e n t l y o v e r - p r e d i c t s t h e f l a p upper s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e s I i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e f l a p boundary l a y e r i s t h i c k -
CONCLUSIONS
1.
F o r c e a n d p r e s s u r e t e s t s h a v e shown t h a t a i l e r o n c h a r a c The a i r -
t e r i s t i c s f o r t h e GA(W)-1 a i r f o i l a r e n o t u n l i k e a i r f o i l s w i t h
more c o n v e n t i o n a l camber a n d t h i c k n e s s d i s t r i b u t i o n s . f o i l provides excellent aileron control effectiveness.
2.
P r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n s f o r a 30% Fowler f l a p a p p l i e d t o
t h e G A ( W ) - 1 a i r f o i l i n d i c a t e t h a t w i t h p r o p e r g a p and o v e r l a p , a t t a c h e d f l o w c a n b e p r o v i d e d f o r f l a p d e f l e c t i o n s up t o 40, a t
P r e s e n t viscous flow
REFERENCES
1.
McGhee, R . J . a n d B e a s l e y , W.D.: Low-Speed Aerodynamic C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of a 1 7 - P e r c e n t T h i c k A i r f o i l S e c t i o n D e s i g n e d f o r General Aviation Applications. NASA T N D-7428, 1 9 7 3 . Wentz, W . H . and Seetharam, H . C . : Development of a F o w l e r F l a p S y s t e m f o r a High P e r f o r m a n c e General A v i a t i o n A i r f o i l . NASA CR-2443, 1 9 7 4 . Wentz, W . H . : Effectiveness of S p o i l e r s ontheGA(W)-1 A i r f o i l w i t h a High-Performance Fowler F l a p . NASA CR-2538, 1975. Mechtly, E.A.: The I n t e r n a t i o n a l S y s t e m o f U n i t s - P h y s i c a l Constants and Conversion F a c t o r s (Revised) NASA S P - 7 0 1 2 , 1969. Wentz, W . H . a n d V o l k , C . G . : Reflection-Plane Tests of Spoilers o n a n Advanced T e c h n o l o g y Wing w i t h a L a r g e F o w l e r F l a p . NASA CR-2696 , 1 9 7 6 . Siew, R.: C a l i b r a t i o n of a Two-Dimensional 7 ' x 1 0 ' Wind T u n n e l . W S U AR 73-2, 1 9 7 3 . Insert for the W S U
2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
Mathematical S t e v e n s , W.A., Goradia, S . H . and Braden, J . A . : Model f o r Two-Dimensional Multi-Component A i r f o i l s i n V i s c o u s Flow. NASA CR-1843, 1971.
208c A i l e r o n C o o r d i n a t e s
Upper Surface
Lower Surface
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-00609 00070
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L.E.
Radius = 0 . 0 3 4 4 3 ~
(a) 20% A i l e r o n .
Figure 1
Model Geometry.
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25
26
27
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30
31
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X
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SYMBOL
ALFHA
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2oo
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Aileron, Large
e's.
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+
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00
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2 "
-1-03
0.00
1-00
(b)
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
1-00
(c)
-5O
A i l e r o n , Large a ' s .
F i g u r e 8 - Continued. 36
-8.00
+
x
' 8
00
-7.00
D v
-6 00
9
t
cP
-4.00
-2"
-1.00
0.00
(d)
-5'
A i l e r o n , Moderate a ' s .
Figure 8
37
Continued.
43-00
-7 -00
-6-00
-5*m
C
P
-4.00
-3-00
-2-00
-I -00
0 . 0 0
1-00
(e)
Figure 8
38
Continued.
-8 00
x
b
eo
1 6 '
8 '
-7-00
-6.00
-5- 00
cP
-4 00
-3.00
-2.00
1 . 0 0
0 . 0 0
1-00
(f)
0 '
A i l e r o n , Moderate a ' s .
Figure 8
39
Continued.
-8-00
+
X
8 ' O0 1 6
Eoo
-7.00
-6.00
-5
cP
ao
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
1 . 0 0'
0.00
'
wc
1-00
(9) + S o A i l e r o n , L a r g e a ' s .
Figure 8
40
Continued.
-8.00
+
X D
w
120
go
-7-00
so
-6 00
-5.00
=P
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1-00
0.00
1.00
X/C
1 . 0 0
(h)
+ 5 O
A i l e r o n , Moderate a ' s .
Figure 8
41
Continued.
4ILERlJN OEFLECTIaV
MACH M " D S
= 10=00DEtREES
06
= 0-13 m- = 2.2 E
ALPHA
SW3OL
+
X
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D
t
zoo
O0 1 6 '
-6.00
-s. 00
C
P
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0.00
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Figure 8
42
Continued.
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-7 00
S M a
ALPHA
-6.00
=P
-4.00
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-1.00
(1)
+loo
Aileron, Moderate a s .
Figure 8
43
Concluded.
8 . 0 0
+
x
b
-BO
-7.00
20
so
O0
cP
-4.09
-3.30
2.00
1 . 0 0
c 3 . m
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Figure 9
-8.00
+
x
b
-7.00
12O 1 6 '
-6.00
-5 00
-3 00
-2.00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
1 DO0
x/c
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(b)
-60'
A i l e r Q n , Moderqte a ' s .
Figure 9
45
Continued.
-8 00
+
X
-ao
2oo
7 00
D v
so
O0
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-5 00
5
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-3.00
-2-00
k
(c)
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0.00
1.00
A i l e r o n , Large a's.
Figure 9
46
Continued.
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%
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+
= 2-2 E 06
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0
v
12O
1 6 '
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-5.00 '.
cP
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-3 00
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O*oO
1-00
1-80
x/c 1-00
(d) - 4 0 '
A i l e r o n , Moderate a ' s .
Figure 9
47
Continued.
+
x
b
7
8 ' O0
1 6 ' 2oo
-5.00
=P
-4.00
-3 00
-2. DO
-1.00
0.00
1 . 0 0
x/c
BO
m x/c
1 . 0 0
(e)
- 2 O O A i l e r o n , L a r g e a's. F i g u r e 9 - Continued. 48
-8-00
-7 00
-6 00
-5.00
4 . 0 0
-3.00
\
*=eo x/c
1-00
-2 00
-1-00
0.00
1-00
(f)
-8.00
-7-00
-6.00
3 . 0 0
-2.00
-1.00
-83
(9)
-10'
Figure 9
50
Continued.
A I L E f X N EFLECTION = - I O * M 3
= 0 . 1 3 REYNOLOS No* = 2 . 2 E 06
MACH NO-
-8.00
SYMBOL
+
X
b
ALPHA
00 80 120
1 6 '
-7.00
-6-00
'.
-5.00
cP
-4 00
-3 00
-2 = 00
-1*oo
0.00
1 . 0 0
c
(h)
-10'
A i l e r o n , M o d e r a t e a's. Figure 9
=EO X/C
1 . 0 0
51
Continued.
-6 00
-5.00
=P
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
1 . 0 0
1 . 0 0
(i)
F i g u r e 9 - Continued.
52
8 . 0 0
+
x
0
120
1 6 '
Eo
7 . 0 0
-6.00
-5.00 cP
-4.00
3 . 0 0
-2.00
-1=00
0 . 0 0
1.00
080
wc
1-00
(j)
-5'
Aileron, M o d e r a t e a ' s .
Figure 9
53
Continued.
-e oo
+
x
b
-7 00
-8 O0 16 20
@
6 00
-5-00
cP
-4 00
-3 00
a
x c 1-00
(k)
O o Aileron, Large a's.
-2.00
-1 00
0 . 0 0
1-00
Figure 9
54
Continued.
-8 00
+
x
8
U
8 O
-7.00
16
l 2 O
-6.00
-5.00
cP
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
1 . 0 0
0 . 0 0
1-00
(1)
ArL"
U5LEc-r"
= +5.m LEG-
-8.00
S Y m
+
x
ALPHA
-80 00
1 6
20 O
-7 00 ..
0
7
-6-00
-5 00
= P
-4-00
-3.00
-2.00
-1 00
0.00
1-00
80
.Q
x/c
1 . 0 0
a's.
Figure 9 - Continued. 56
AILERDN
'
CEFLECTIDN = +5*00 E G =
2 - 2 E 06
MACH NO- = 0 . 1 3
RCIN@LDSNO-
SYMBOL
+
x
0
0
ALPHA
00 80
12O 1 6
-6 00
-5 00
cP
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1 00
0.00
1a 0 0
- 80
.=Bo X
1-00
(n)
Figure 9
57
Continued.
-8.00
X
-7 =00
.c
2oo
G . 0 0
-5-00
-4.00
3 . 0 0
-2.00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
1 . 0 0
9 8 0
(0)
loo
Aileron, Large a s .
Figure 9 - Continued. 58
-8 00
x
0
120
1 6 '
-7 = 00
-6 00
-5 00
-4.00
-3-00
-2 00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
1.00
; 1
x/c
1 . 0 0
(p)
59
Continued.
8 . 0 0
+
x
b
-e O
O0
7 . 0 0
16," 20
-6.00
-5 00
=P
-4.00
3 . 0 0
-2.00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
1-00
-80
60
Continued.
-8.00
c
x
b
eo eo
1 6 '
-7-00.
-600
-5.00
=P -4.00
-3 00
-2.00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
1-00
-8.00
SYMBO,
ALPHA
-8
+
X
00
1 6 '
20
-7 00
-6.00
5 . 0 0
cp
-4.00
-3-00
-2.00
1 . 0 0
0 . 0 0
100
=80
(s)
Figure 9 - C o n t i n u e d .
62
06
-8.00
SYM3M_
+
X
ALPHA
eo
I 2 O
O0
-7.00
16
-6-00
-5 00 cP -49 0 0
-3 00
-2-00
-1900
0 =oo
-8Q
(t)
Figure 9 - Continued.
63
8 . 0 0
x
-7.00
b v
: : 1 20
6 . 0 0
-5.00
=P
-4 00
3 . 0 0
1
f
(u)
60
-2.00
1 . 0 0
0.00
1 . 0 0
A i l e r o n , Large a s .
64
F i g u r e 9 - Continued.
ALPHA
+
x
0
-7 00
0 : 8 12 16
-6 00
-5 00
cP
-4 00
-3 00
-2 00
-1 00
0-00
1-00
(v)
60 A i l e r o n , M o d e r a t e a ' s . Figure 9
Concluded. 65
66
F i g u r e 11
FLAP D E F L E C T I O N = 1 0 . 0 DEGREES
MACH NO.
= 0.13
=
REYNOLDS NO.
2 . 2 E 06
-8-00
nnaoLALPHA
+
X
0.20 5.2'
10.3"
-7-00
12.80
-6.00
-5.00
5
-4-00
-3.00
-2-00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
1 . 0 0
WC
1.00
Flap.
69
FLAP DEFLECTION = 2 0 . 0
DEGREES
MACH NO.
REYNOLDS NO.
= 0.13
= 2.2
E 06
+
X
0.10
5.2O
0 v
10.3O 12.8O
-70
1-00
(b) 2 0 ' F l a p . F i g u r e 12 - C o n t i n u e d .
70
0.13
= 2.2
E 06
-8 00
SYMBOL
+
x
0
w
ALPHA
0. 1 ' 5.2" 10.3' 12.7"
-7.00
-6 -00
-5-00
6
-4.00 -8.00
-3.00
9 -
-2.00
-1 -00
0-Oa
1 .
1-oc
DEGREES
0.13
= 2 . 2 E 06
8 . 0 0
SlMBOLALFliA
+
x
b
-700
v
4
10.3'
12.7'
6 . 0 0
-5.00
5
-4.00
-3-00
-2- 00
-1.00
0 . 0 0
I ,
1-00
(d) 4 0 '
Flap.
F i g u r e 1 2 - Concluded.
72
-1
-1
73
74
76
F i g u r e 14
77
concluded
78
79
Figure 1 5 - c o n t i n u e d
80
F i g u r e 1 5 - concluded
81
82
Figure 16
continued
83
Figure 16 - c o n t i n u e d
84
F i g u r e 16
concluded
85
GA(W)-l
w i t h 30% Flap
Experiment
___--
Theory
(Ref. 7)
No c o n f l u e n t b o u n d a r y l a y e r e r r o r
(a)
c1 =
0.20
Figure 17
F i g u r e 17 - c o n t i n u e d
87
88
F i g u r e 1 7 - coni;inued
89
90
F i g u r e 17 - c o n c l u d e d
NASA-Langley,
1977
CR-2833
91