Combinatorics 5 Try problem with * later. P1 Mr. and Mrs.

Zeta want to name their baby Zeta so that its monogram (rst, middle, and last initials) will be in alphabetical order with no letters repeated. How many such monograms are possible? P2 The student lockers at Olympic high are numered consecutively beginning with locker number 1. The plastic digits used to number the lockers cost two cents a piece. Thus, it costs two cents to label locker number 9 and four cents to label locker number 10. If it costs $137.94 to label all the lockers, how many lockers are there at the school? P3 Let n be an odd integer greater than 1. prove that the sequence n contains an odd number of odd numbers. , n , , nn 1 1 2
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P4 How many positive integers not exceeding 2001 are multiples of 3 or 4 but not 5? P5 Let x = 123456789101112 998999, where the digits are obtained by writing the integers 1 through 999 in order. Find the 1983rd digit to the right of the decimal point. P6* Twenty ve boys and twenty ve girls sit around a table. Prove that it is always possible to nd a person both of whose neighbors are girls. P7 At the end of a professional bowling tournament, the top 5 bowlers have a play-o. First #5 bowls #4. The loser receives 5th prize and the winner bowls #3 in another game. The loser of this game receives 4th prize and the winner bowls #2. The loser of this game receives 3rd prize and the winner bowls #1. The winner of this game gets 1st prize and the loser gets 2nd prize. In how many orders can bowlers #1 through #5 receive the prizes? P8 A spider has one sock and one shoe for each of its eight legs. In how many dierent orders can the spider put on its socks and shoes, assuming that, on each leg, the sock must be put on before the shoe? P9* A drawer in a darkened room contains 100 red socks, 80 green socks, 60 blue socks and 40 black socks. A youngster selects socks one at a time from the drawer but is unable to see the color of the socks drawn. What is the smallest number of socks that must be

selected to guarantee that the selection contains at least 10 pairs? (A pair of socks is two socks of the same color. No sock may be counted in more than one pair.) P10 Given a rational number, write it as a fraction in lowest terms and calculate the product of the resulting numerator and denominator. For how many rational numbers between 0 and 1 will 20! be the resulting product? P11 Determine the number of ways to choose ve numbers from the rst eighteen positive integers such that any two chosen numbers dier by at least 2. P12 In a room containing N people, N > 3, at least one person has not shaken hands with everyone else in the room. What is the maximum number of people in the room that could have shaken hands with everyone else? P13* Find the number of ordered quadruples (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) of positive odd integers that satisfy x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 98. P14* Finitely many cards are placed in two stacks, with more cards in the left stack than in the right. each card has one or more distinct names written on it, although dierent cards may share some names. For each name, we dene a shue by moving every card that has that name written on it to the opposite stack. Prove that it is always possible to end up with more cards in the right stack by picking several distinct names, and doing in turn the shue corresponding to each name. P15 For how many pairs of consecutive integers in the set {1000, 1001, 1002, , 2000} is no carrying required when the two integers are added? P16 Nine chairs in a row are to be occupied by six students and Professors Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. These three professors arrive before the six students and decide to choose their chairs so that each professor will be between two students. In how many ways can Professors Alpha, Beta, and Gamma choose their chairs? P17* Prove that among any 16 distinct positive integers not exceeding 100 there are four dierent ones, a, b, c, d, such that a + b = c + d.