7.

3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: .. An Electrical Joke

An apparatus in the form of a chair, used in electrocuting persons sentenced to death

A chemist, a biologist and an electrical engineer were on death row waiting to go in the electric chair. The chemist was brought forward first. 'Do you have anything you want to say?' asked the executioner, strapping him in. 'No,' replied the chemist. The executioner flicked the switch and nothing happened. Under this particular State's law, if an execution attempt fails, the prisoner is to be released, so the chemist was released. Then the biologist was brought forward. 'Do you have anything you want to say?' 'No, just get on with it.' The executioner flicked the switch, and again nothing happened, so the biologist was released. Then the electrical engineer was brought forward. 'Do you have anything you want to say?' asked the executioner. 'Yes,' replied the engineer. 'If you swap the red and the blue wires over, you might make this thing work.'

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: .. PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Label ammeter, A, A1, A2 and A3,

Comparison between series and parallel circuit

SERIES CIRCUIT
Label ammeter, A1, voltmeter, V1, V2, and V3,

Effective Resistance, R Current, I

Voltage, V If resistors are identical, 2 , calculate: (a) Effective resistance, R (b) Main current, I (c) Current through each resistor (d) Voltage across each resistor If resistors are identical, 2 , calculate: (a) Effective resistance, R (b) Main current, I (c) Voltage across each resistor (d) Current through each resistor

Arrangement of apparatus

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS AMMETER READING CURRENT

| DATE: ..

VOLTMETER READING POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE VOLTAGE

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE, R

(a) (b)

| DATE: ..

(Ans: 35)
(c)

(Ans: 1.25)
(d)

(Ans: 34)
(e)

(Ans:3.2)
(f)

(Ans: 2.33)

(Ans: 5)

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: ..

SOLVE PROBLEMS USING V = IR: Solve the unknown values, R, I or V

(Ans: 0.5)

(Ans: 20)

(Ans: 10)

(Ans: 2.4)

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Brightness of bulb(s)
Circuit 1 In a series circuit, two or more resistors are connected one end after another to form a _____________ path for current flow. Circuit 2

| DATE: .. In a parallel circuit, all components are connected with their corresponding ends joined together to form _____________ and parallel paths for current flow.

Draw the circuit

The bulbs _____________ the potential difference from the battery, so each glows dimly. The brightness of each bulb is equally the same since the same _____________ flows through each bulb. If one bulb is removed, the other _____________ _____________ because the circuit is broken.

Draw the circuit.

Each bulb gets the full _____________ _____________ from the battery because each is connected directly to it. A __________ current flow through each bulb, so each bulb glows brightly. The brightness of each bulb in a parallel circuit is _____________ than those in a series circuit with the same number of bulbs. If one bulb is removed, the other keeps _____________ because it is still part of an unbroken circuit.

Circuit 3

Circuit 4

Circuit 5

P, Q and R are identical. Compare brightness P, Q and R.

X, Y and Z are identical. Compare brightness X, Y and Z.

S and T are identical. Compare brightness of S and T if (i) (ii) switch is opened switch is closed

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

*Clue The greater the current flow, the brighter the bulb

| DATE: ..

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

EXERCISE 7.3

| DATE: .. Calculate (a) the effective resistance, R of the circuit, (b) the current, I in the circuit (c) The potential difference across each resistor, V1, V2, and V3.

1.

Three resistors are connected in series to a 6 V battery.

(Ans (c) 1V, 2V, 3V)

2. (a) 8 resistor (b) 12 resistor

An 8 resistor and a 12 resistor are connected with a 12 V battery. What is the potential difference across

(Ans: (a) 4.8V)

3 The three resistors are connected in parallel to the battery. Calculate (a) the potential difference across each resistor (b) the effective resistance (c) the ammeter reading (d) the current passing through each resistor.

(Ans: 3A, 1.5A, 1A)

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: ..

4.

A potential difference of 3 V is applied to a network of resistors. (a) What is the effective resistance of the circuit? (b) What is the reading of the ammeter? (c) What is the voltage across the parallel network? (d) What is the current flowing through the 6 resistor?

(Ans: 6, 0.5,1.0, 0.17)

5. In the circuit shown, what is the reading on the ammeter when switch, S (a) is open? (b) is closed?

(Ans:2.0, 3.0)

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: .. Determine the ammeter reading. (b)

6.

Determine the voltmeter reading. (a)

(c)

(Ans: 16, 0.25, 1.5)

7.

Calculate (a) The effective resistance, R

(d) (i) The potential difference across 8 resistor.

(b) The main current, I

(ii) The potential difference across 2.5 resistor.

(c) The current passing through 8 and 2.5 resistors.

(e) The current passing through 6 resistor.

(Ans: (a)12 (b) 2 (d)16 (e)0.5)

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS EXERCISE 7.3: OBJECITVE Qs 1 The figure shows ammeter reading in a circuit. Which ammeter is showing a faulty reading?

| DATE: ..

Which resistor combination has the 2 A battery lights all four lamps as shown in the following figure. Which lamp, if removed, would cause all the lamps to light off? A. B. C. D. lowest and the highest resistance? Lowest resistance Q R R P Highest resistance P P Q R

Which of the bulbs in the following figure is the brightest? Given that all the bulbs are identical.

Which resistor combination gives the effective resistance 8 ?

The figure shows the resistor combinations P, Q and R.

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS D 6. A current flows in two resistors connected in series as shown in the following figure. A1 and A2 are the readings on ammeter V1 and V2 are the readings on the voltmeters. 8. A1 > A2

V1 = V2

| DATE: ..

The diagram shows a circuit.

Which of the following is correct? Ammeter reading Voltmeter reading A B C D A1 < A2 A1 < A2 A1 = A2 A1 = A2 V1 < V2 V1 > V2 V1 > V2 V1 < V2

What is the reading of the ammeter when the switch, S is opened and closed? Switch S is opened A B C D 4.0 A 2.0 A 2.0 A 2.0 A Switch S is Closed 6.0 A 6.0 A 3.0 A 1.2 A

7.

A current flows towards the junction of two resistors connected in parallel as shown in the following figure. A1 and A2 are the readings on ammeter V1 and V2 are the readings on the voltmeters. 9.

Two resistors 4 is connected parallel as shown in Figure (a) and the current I1 flows. Later, the resistor resistors 4 is connected series l as shown in Figure (b) and the current I2 flows.

Which of the following is correct? Ammeter reading Voltmeter reading A B C A1 < A2 A1 < A2 A1 = A2 V1 > V2 V1 = V2 V1 < V2 What is the ratio I1: I2?

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: .. 12 The diagram shows a circuit.

A C

1:2 2:1

B D

1: 4 4:1

10. The diagram shows a circuit.

What is the potential difference across the resistor 2 ? What is the value of current I1 and I2 ? A A B C D I1 = 0.4A I1 = 2.0A I1 = 0.5A I1 = 2.5A I2 = 0.4 A I2 = 0.5 A I2 = 2.5 A I2 = 2.5 A C 2V 6V B D 4V 8V

11.

What is the reading of the voltmeter in the circuit above when the switch is closed? A C 8.0 V 6.8 V B D 7.8 V 5.8 V

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7.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

| DATE: ..

EXERCISE 7.3: STRUCTURED Qs 1 The figure shows a circuit consisting of 3 identical resistors X, Y, Z and two measurement instruments P and Q.

(a) Name the measurement instruments, P Q (b) (i) : _______________________ : _______________________ When an identical resistor is connected parallel to resistor Z, what happen to the reading of P and Q? P Q (ii) : _______________________ : _______________________ Give the reason for your answer in (b)(i).

(c) The resistors X, Y and Z following figure.

are replaced by three identical bulbs K, L and M as shown in

Compare the brightness between the bulbs (i) (ii) K and L : _______________________ L and M : _______________________

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