Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 11/15/08

Review and Assessment Questions pg. 134-135

Compare the nations of Europe during the Age of Absolutism.
Spain France England Austria/Prussia Russia
Government Philip II; Louis XIV; Tudors, and Charles VI and Peter the
absolute absolute Stuarts. Maria Theresa of Great; Tsar.
ruler ruler. Charles I, Austria. Fredrick Catherine
absolute William I of the Great.
monarchy, Prussia.
and
common
wealth.
Wars Defeats Wars to English The Thirty Years War with
Ottomans maintain Civil War. War. Sweden
in 1571 the balance Monarchy and having
of power. clash with wars for
The War of parliament. warm-water
Spanish ports.
Succession
Religion Catholic Catholic Protestant North Protestant, Russian
South Catholic Orthodox
Faith.
Economy Spain’s Wealthiest Glorious Austria was a Peter the
Golden state in Revolution. loser at the end of Great
Age and Europe, yet the Thirty Years depleted a
economic a lot less $ War for they had lot of
decline because of to accept the money to
Versailles almost total building St.
independence of Petersburg.
all the princes it
Good
the Holy Roman
during
Empire.
Catherine’s
time for she
captured a
warm water
port.
Other
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 11/15/08

11. What was the Spanish Armada?

a. A great fleet (Spanish invader force) sent by King Phillip II of Spain in
1588 to invade England. It had 130 ships, 20,000 soldiers, and 2,400 pieces
of artillery. The armada rode in huge battle ships. The armada was beaten
by much smaller more maneuverable ships for the Spanish armada’s vessels
were too big and slow.
12. Explain what the statement “I am the state” meant.
a. Louis the XIV once stated “I am the state!” This meant the monarch had
absolute control over his nation. They would control all of the land without
question and without anyone’s help. The absolute monarch was believed to
have divine right: The justification of monarchy through the word of God,
meaning that no one could question his authority.
13. Describe the results of the English Civil War.
a. Cromwell’s army defeated the Cavaliers (supports of Charles I), bringing
King Charles I into the hands of the parliament forces. This resulted in
Charles I being put on trial in court being accused of tyranny, murder, and
being a public enemy. He was found guilty and executed.
14. How did the Glorious Revolution limit the royal power in England?
a. The glorious revolution introduced the English Bill of Rights. The bill of
Rights ensured the superiority of the Parliament over the monarchy. It
required the monarch to summon the Parliament regularly and gave the
House of Commons the “power of the purse” (The power of the purse is the
ability of one group to manipulate and control the actions of another group
by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds.)
15. What reforms did Peter the Great carry out?
a. Peter the Great imported Western technology, improved education,
simplified the Russian alphabet, and set up academies for the study of
mathematics, science, and engineering.
16. How and when did the Kingdom of Poland lose its independence?
a. Poland lost its independence after the final partition between Austria,
Russia, and Prussia in 1795. The partition divided up Poland among the
three countries.
19.
a. What were the immediate causes of the English Civil War?
i. Charles was arrogant, conceited and a strong believer in the divine
rights of kings. He had witnessed the damaged relationship between
his father and Parliament, and considered that Parliament was
entirely at fault. He found it difficult to believe that a king could be
wrong. Charles argued with parliament over most issues, but money
and religion were the most common causes of arguments. He
eventually dissolved parliament and ruled the nation without
Parliament for 11 years. Finally when Charles did meet with
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 11/15/08

Parliament after 11 years, in anger, parliament revolted and fought

against Charles in a war known as the English Civil War.
b. What were some of the long term causes?
i. The status of the monarchy had started to decline under the reign of
James I. James was a firm believer in the divine right of kings.
James expected Parliament to do as he wanted; he did not expect it
to argue with any of his decisions. Parliament had one major
advantage over James. They had money and he was continually short
of it. Parliament restricted James to many things, causing him to
always consult Parliament before doing something. James suspended
Parliament and it did not meet for another 10 years. James used his
friends to run the country and they were rewarded with titles. This
caused great offence to those Members of Parliament who believed
that they had the right to run the country.
21.
a. What did Fenelon criticize about the rule of Louis XIV?
i. He criticizes the fact that Louis XIV is an absolute ruler. He says
Louis is ruling badly for “all commerce is destroyed.”
b. Whom did he blame besides the king?
i. He blames the king’s principle ministers. He says that they only
speak and work with the king. They pushed the king’s revenues and
expenses to unprecedented heights. He says the ministers have
damaged society so much that they have destroyed and reversed all
ancient customs of the state in order for the king to have absolute
power.
24. Do you think the letter is a reliable source of information about Louis XIV? Why
or why not?
a. I believe the letter is not a reliable source of information. Given that the
writer only spoke of the horrible things King Louis XIV and his ministers
did without mentioning even one good thing shows that he probably was
one that was against Louis XIV. This letter is biased against Louis, and is
not a reliable source for someone who wants accurate information.
26. What country was divided into two separate territories by Poland in 1701?
a. Poland went through Prussia, dividing the country into two separate
territories.
27.
a. How did the size of Poland’s territory change from 1701 to 1772?
i. It was divided among Prussia, Russia, and Austria in the partition of
Poland. In the end, Poland was completely wiped off the map for it
was then either a part of Russia, Prussia, or Austria.
b. What was the status of Warsaw in 1795?
i. Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth until 1795, when it was seized by the Kingdom of
Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia.
28.
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 11/15/08

a. What happened to Poland by 1795?

i. In 1705, the third partition of Poland full
b. What three countries divided the Polish territory?
i. Russia (Catherine the Great), Prussia (Fredrick the Great), and
Austria (Emperor Joseph II) divided up the Polish territory in the
Partition of Poland.
29. In addition to the Partition of Poland, what other territorial change can you see on
these maps?
a. All I can notice is that as time went on, Poland became smaller, and
Prussia, Russia, and Austria became bigger.
30. What do you think happened to the Polish people after the final partition?
a. The three countries would take not only the part of Poland that was given to
them through the Partition, but the people on the Polish land as well. Many
things could have happened to the people of the land depending on which
country was ruling it (how harsh or kind they were). The people of Poland
might have found out about the partition and moved out the country before
their land was to be controlled by a foreign country. Or maybe the people
stayed and were converted by force to the religion of the government that
ruled them. Or, maybe the country that ruled them gave them right to
choose their religion.