MARITIME COMMUNICATION Maritime communication comprises communication between vessels and coast-stations, intership communication, and intraship communication

(internal communication when vessel is berthing, casting off, leaving berth, loading or discharging, etc.)..Vessels and coast-stations can communicate by means of Radio Telephony, Satellite, Digital Selective calling (DSC) and Radio telex. Categories of messages that can be transmitted and received are called priorities. They indicate the importance of the message. Priorities 1. A DISTRESS ALERT indicates that there is serious and immediate danger for vessel, crew and passengers. A Distress Alert is also referred to as a MAYDAY 2. An URGENCY message indicates that there is serious danger for vessel, crew and passengers. An Urgency Message is also referred to as a PAN OAN message. 3. A SAFETY message indicates that there is imminent risk for navigation. A safety Message is also referred to as a SECURITE message. 4. A ROUTINE message is transmitted to ensure safe navigation. Routine messages refer to intership communication, exhange of data in port operations, communication between ships and Vessel Traffic Services, inshore radar stations, pilot stations, bridges and locks. The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System came into force in 1999 and is part of the International Convention concerning the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Its main objective is to prevent accidents by providing Marine Safety Information and at least minimize consequences of marine accidents by means of effective communication. GMDSS will enable a vessel to communicate with coastal stations and other vessels at any time and under any circumstances. Communication according to the GMDSS comprises: -transmission of distress alerts to shore-based stations, including locating (homing) of the vessel in distress; -reception of shore-to-ship alerts; -transmission and reception of messages concerning Search and Rescue Operations and On-Scene Communications during a SAR operation; -transmission and reception of radio-signals to indicate or determine positions; -transmission and reception of safety messages (Marine Safety Information broadcasts); -intership-communication, by which is understood communication between vessels. Sea-areas GMDSS distinguishes four sea-areas: Sea Area A1 An area within radiotelephone-coverage of at least one VHF-coast station, in which continuous VHF-DSC-alerting (channel 70) and radiotelephony services are available. This area extends 30 miles off shore.

Sea Area A2 An area, excluding Sea Area A1, within radiotelephony coverage of at least one MF-coast station, in which continuous DSC-alerting (2187.5kHz) and radiotelephony services are available. GMDSS-vessels traveling this area must carry a DSC-equipped MF radiotelephone in addition to equipment required for Sea Area A1. This area extends 200 miles off shore. Sea Area A3 An area, excluding sea areas A1 and A2, within coverage of Inmarsat geostationary satellite, in which continuous alerting is available. This area extends between 70 degrees latitude North and 70 degrees latitude South. Ships travelling this area must carry either an Inmarsat A, B or C ship/earth station or a DSC-equipped HF radiotelephone/telex in addition to equipment required for an A1 and A2 Area. Sea Area A4 The areas outside A1, A2 and A3 are A4-Sea Areas. Ships traveling these Polar Regions must carry a DSC-equipped radiotelephone/telex, in addition to equipment required for areas A1 and A2. This area does not have Inmarsat-, but COSPAS-SARSAT coverage. GMDSS-vessels Vessels that are subject to the Safety of Life at Sea-convention (SOLAS) must comply with the GMDSS regulations and must be fitted with GMDSS-equipment. GMDSS-vessels (or SOLAS vessels) include all vessels engaged on international voyages, except very small vessels, such as pleasure yachts that are not engaged in trade, ships that are not self-propelled, but also men-ofwar and troopships. These non-GMDSS vessels mentioned above do not have to comply with the system. Finally, national governments have the authority to class certain types of vessels as GMDSS-vessels. Systems GMDSS consists of a terrestrial-and a satellite-system. The terrestrial system (earth-system) comprises Radio-Telephony (RTF), Digital Selective Calling (DSC), Direct Printing Telegraphy (DPT), Navigational Telex (NAVTEX) and the Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART). The satellite-systems comprise Inmarsat, COPAS/SARSAT, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) and the Status Recording-system (STAREC). Radiotelephony A VHF-transceiver (transmitter + receiver) transmits and receives radio signals. The VHF is used to bridge short distances, is easy to operate and is allowed to be used both in territorial waters and inland waterways. Its receiver has a push-to-talk button. If the installation is a simplex radio, speaking and listening cannot be done simultaneously. When you wish to speak, you push the button; when you wish to listen, you release it. Before changing from speaking to listening, you say over. If the installation is a duplex radiotelephone, speaking and listening can be done simultaneously. Most coast- stations are equipped with semi-duplex installations, with which speaking and listening can be done simultaneously, while the receiving-end has a simplex installation. VHF radio-communication can bridge about 40 miles. MF-or HF radiotelephony is used to bridge 150 miles (MF) to 2000 miles (HF). Reception of radio signals will not always be of high quality, and coverage will not always extend to the desired areas. This may of course have consequences for the safety of the vessel and her crew. These disadvantages of communication through speech has led to the introduction of Digital Selective Calling in maritime communication.

Digital Selective Calling (DSC) Digital Selective calling on VHF-, MF-and HF-maritime radios is part of the GMDSS. DSC is intended to digitally announce and initiate ship/ship, ship/shore and shore/ship radiotelephone and radiotelex calls. After the announcement has been digitally acknowledged by the receiving station or ship, communication is usually continued on VHF. To transmit a DSC-call, a GMDSSoperator enters the required commands to address the station or ship with which he wishes to communicate, and the priority of the call. DSC-priorities are: 1.-DISTRESS 2-URGENCY 3-SAFETY 4-ROUTINE A DSC distress-alert consists of a pre-formatted distress message and is used to announce and initiate emergency communications with vessels and Rescue Co-ordination Centres (RCCs). Natures of distress that can be entered into the format are: fire/explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, listing, sinking, disabled and adrift and piracy. An undesignated distress is an alert that has not been formatted (no indication as to the type of distress has been given). Distress alerts are automatically addressed to all stations. A DSC-controller is fitted with a distress-button (indicated by SOS, ALARM, EMER or DISTRESS), which allows the transmission of a distress call with minimum delay. Urgency, safety and routine calls can be addressed to all stations or ships, an individual station or ship, or a group of stations or ships. Once the call had been composed, the CALL-button is pressed on the DSC controller and the information is transmitted. It is recommended that DSC controllers be interfaced to Global Positioning System-receivers for an updating of the positionand time information, which is automatically included in the message. After an alert by DSC and the acknowledgement that the alert has been received, communication is normally carried out by Radio Telephony (speech) or radio-telex. Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) A DSC-installation on board a vessel or at a coast station has been programmed with a unique nine-digit identification code, known as Maritime Service Identity (MMSI). The MMSI is sent automatically with each DSC-transmission. The first three digits of the MMSI are known as the Maritime Identification Digits (MID). The MID represents the country of registration of the vessel, or the country in which the DSC shore station is located. In the voice transmission that may follow after the DSC-announcement and acknowledgement, the vessel or station may be identified by the MMSI-code, which should then be pronounced in groups of three digits. Like so:.., this is two two foursix eight fivezero zero zero. Note that in spoken communication the use of the vessels MMSI is only applied in Distress-, Urgency- and Safety messages. Inmarsat Satellite systems operated by the International Satellite Organisation (Inmarsat) are very important elements of the GMDSS. Inmarsat-satellites are geostationary, which means that their positions in space with respect to the earth remain the same. Communication by means of Inmarsat-satellites extends in an area between 70 degrees latitude North and 70 degrees latitude South and has been subdivided into 4 Inmarsat-regions: - Atlantic Ocean Region West (AOR-W) - Atlantic Ocean Region East (AOR-E) - Indian Ocean Region (IOR) - Pacific Ocean Region (POR).

The Inmarsat-A and B installation provide ship/shore ship/ship and shore/ship telephone, telex and high-speed data service. The Inmarsat-C provides ship/shore, shore/ship and ship/ship, store-and-forward data and telex messaging and can send preformatted distress messages to a Rescue Co-ordination Centre. Communication by means of speech is not possible with Inmarsat-C. The Inmarsat-C SafetyNET service is a satellite-based world-wide maritime safety information broadcast service. It works similarly to NAVTEX in areas outside NAVTEX coverage. NAVTEX NAVTEX is a component of the World Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS) and must be installed on GMDSS-vessels in order to be able to receive Maritime Safety Informationmessages. It is a telex-receiver that can print MSI-messages. These navigational messages are addressed to all vessels and contain information concerning meteorological warnings, SARoperations and other important and urgent data. EPIRB An Emergency Indicating Radio beacon is a small radio-transmitter able to transmit UHF-distress signals. These signals are received by satellites and relayed to Rescue-Co-ordination Centers.An EPIRP will be released from the vessel-in-distress by hand, or automatically by a hydrostatic release mechanism once the bacon has been submerged for a few metres in case of shipwreck. It will be activated automatically and will start to transmit a distress alert to rescue-Co-ordination Centres via satellite, giving position and identification of the vessel. Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART) The GMDSS installation aboard vessels includes two or more search-and-Rescue Radar transponders. A SART will be activated by the radar of a passing vessel. It will then start to transmit an alert that will create a series of dots on the P.P.I (Plan Position Indicator-radar display) of the same vessel, which will then have the means to locate the distressed raft or vessel.The detection range between SART and SAR-Unit depends on the height of the ships radar mast and the height of the SART in the survival craft. CORPAS-SARSAT COSPAS-SARSAT is an international satellite-based search and rescue system, established by Canada, France, the USA and Russia. Unlike the Inmarsat-satellites, these satellites are not geostationary, but orbit the earth on a North/South-and South/North path, passing closely over both poles. It is the only system that offers a means to contact distant stations. The system offers a satellite Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB).

Distress message, Urgency Message and Safety Message, non-GMDSS Vessels DISTRESS MESSAGE (non-GMDSS vessels) We use stress messages in the following situations: fire, explosion; flooding; collision; grounding; list-danger of capsizing; sinking; disabled and adrift; armed attack/piracy; abandoning vessel; person overboard. Procedure and structure Example of a Distress Message on VHF: TRANSMISSION: Address Identify: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY This is Vincente-Papa Whiskey Charlie Alfa Vincente-Papa Whiskey Charlie Alfa Vincente-Papa Whiskey Charlie Alfa Spoken message: MAYDAY My position three six degrees two one minutes N/zero zero niner degrees five three minutes W. vessel on fire. I require fire fighting assistance. Number of crew on board: eight. Information: I will launch lifeboat. Over

URGENCY MESSAGE (non-GMDSS vessels) We use urgency messages in the following situations: technical failure; cargo; ice damage. Procedure and structure Example of an Urgency Message on VHF: TRANSMISSION: Address Identify: PAN PAN PAN PAN-PAN PAN ALL STATIONS, ALL STATIONS, ALL STATIONS This is MV Garland-Golf Foxtrot Charlie Charlie MV Garland-Golf Foxtrot Charlie Charlie MV Garland-Golf Foxtrot Charlie Charlie

Spoken message: My position five six degrees one eight minutes N/ zero degrees three seven minutes E. I am maneuvering with difficulty. I have problems with main engine. I require tug assistance. Advice: all ships keep clear. Over

SAFETY MESSAGE (non-GMDSS vessels) We use Safety Messages to warn seafarers about: meteorological and hydrological conditions (winds, storms, tropical storms, sea state); restricted visibility; ice; abnormal tides; navigational warnings involving land-or seamarks, drifting objects, electronic navigational aids, seabottom characteristics, wrecks, cable, pipeline and seismic/hydrographic operations, diving, towing and dredging operations, off-shore installations, rig moves, defective locks or bridges, military operations, fishery, environmental protection. Procedure and structure Example of a Safety Message on VHF: Address and Identify SECURITE SECURITE SECURITE ALL STATIONS, ALL STATIONS, ALL STATIONS This is Explorer-Golf Bravo Uniform Tango Explorer-Golf Bravo Uniform Tango Explorer-Golf Bravo Uniform Tango

Spoken message: My position bearing two five niner degrees from Falls Light, distance one decimal five miles. Time: April twenty-one three four five hrs. UTC. Information: Buoy Foxtrot Lima-one in position two five niner degrees from Falls Light, distance two miles, missing. Out

VHF-Communication: Routine Messages A Routine Message is transmitted to ensure safe navigation. Routine communication comprises intership communication, exchange of data in port operations, communication between vessels and VTS-stations, inshore radar stations, pilot stations, ridge and locks. A non-GMDSS vessel announces a routine message on the VHF by addressing the receiving station or ship, after which she identifies herself by giving name and call sign. This method is called Address and identify. The receiving station will then acknowledge the reception of the announcement by using the same method. If conditions for establishing contact are known or expected to be bad, the addressing and identification must be done three times. (Holly Radio-Holly Radio-Holly Radio-this is MV Christina Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel- MV Christina Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel- MV Christina Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel). When conditions are good, the best way to establish contact is to address once, and identify twice (Halifax Radio, this is MV Christina, MV Christina Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel). After first contact has been established, addressing and identification is done only once. Procedure and structure. Example of a Routine Message on VHF by NON-GMDSS VESSEL Announcement on VHF by MV Christina- PKAH (non-GMDSS vessel) calling Holly Radio; acknowledgement by Holly Radio Address: Holly Radio-Holly Radio-Holly Radio Identify: This is MV Christina (Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel)

MV Christina (Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel) MV Christina (Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel) On VHF channel one three; How do you read me? OVER Address: Identify Christina, Christina, Christina Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel This is Holly Radio, Holy Radio, Holly Radio I read you signal strength four OVER

Calling unknown vessel If a message must be transmitted to a vessel whose name and call sign are unknown, the address must be made to all vessels, followed by the address to the unknown vessel by indicating her position. On GMDSS-vessels the MMSI-code of an unknown vessel can be read from the radar display with the Automatic Identification System (AIS). After the announcement has been acknowledged, communication will be continued on a VHFchannel that is chosen by the receiving station or vessel. Urgent message In case of an urgent message (note: not an Urgency message!) the phrase How do you read me? will be left out. Instead, the actual message will follow immediately after the identification. Urgent routine message on VHF: MV Christina-PKAH to unknown ship in posn.2 cables S of Boyle Light to indicate that Christina is at anchor and unknown vessel is on a collision course. She must alter course to starboard side. Address: All vessels, all vessels, all vessels. Calling unknown vessel in position bearing 2 cables South of Boyle Light Identify: this is MV Christina, MV Christina, MV Christina Papa Kilo Alfa Hotel Information: I am at anchor in the middle of the fairway. Warning: you are steering a dangerous course. Advice: you must alter course to starboard; repeat: you must alter Course to starboard. OVER

GMDSS-vessels announce a routine message through Digital Selective calling (DSC). After the DSC acknowledgement has been received, the conversation will continue on a VHF-channel that is chosen by the receiving station or vessel.

Procedure and structure. Example of a Routine message on VHF by GMDSS VESSEL Message after DSC announcement by MV Cathar-IRSL and acknowledgement by Holly Radio.MV Cathar wishes to know she requires pilotage.. Message Holly Radio, This is Cathar-India Romeo Sierra Lima. Question: must I take pilot? Over Cathar-India Romeo Sierra Lima, This is Holly Radio. Answer: no, pilotage not compulsory. Out

Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)-Part A PRIORITY: DISTRESS-MV Seaborne (call sign DKEL-MMSI-Code 235 786 000); posn. 69degr. 29 min. N/042 degr.53 min E. December 14-1345 hrs.UTC. The whole ship is on fire. There is danger that the vessel will explode. Fire has been located in the engine room and in the superstructure. Fire has been detected in no.2 hold. The smoke is poisonous. Vessel is unmanoeuvrable Fire cannot be extinguished by vessels own equipment. Six crewmembers have been injured. Two crewmembers were killed. Water is entering the ship below the waterline. Vessel is heeling over 20 degrees to port side; deck cargo will be put overboard. Vessel is unable to continue her voyage. Tug SMCP in VHF-communication:her DSCalert has been acknowledged; VHF-message begins: MAYDAY +identification+position I am on fire in posn.69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53 min E; danger of explosion Fire is in engine room and in superstructure Fire is in mber-2 hold; smoke toxic. I am not under command Fire not under control; I require firefighting assistance. Number of injured persons: six Number of casualties: two I am flooding below waterline I have dangerous list to port; I will jettison cargo to stop listing I am not under command; I require tug

assistance is needed. Vessel has had a collision with an unknown object. The crew are leaving the vessel after the vessel has had a collision. Vessel is damaged below waterline, but she is able to continue her voyage without assistance. Vessel is sinking after an explosion. Vessel is adrift. Vessel is aground and needs tug assistance. Refloating expected when tide gets higher. Vessel is being attacked by pirates. No damage has been caused on the ship. Vessel will continue her voyage. Someone has fallen overboard.

assistance. I have collided with unknown object. Crew must abandon vessel after collision. I have damage below waterline; I can proceed without assistance. I am sinking after explosion I am adrift. I am aground; I require tug assistance. I expect to refloat when tide rises. I am under attack of pirates. I have no damage; I will proceed. I have lost person overboard in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr. 53 min E

PRIORITY: DISTRESS- MV Seaborne (call sign DKEL MMSI-CODE 235 786 000); posn. 69 degr.29min.N/042 de.53 min E.requires medical assistance/helicopter assistance; Vessel requests for medical assistance. Vessel requests for helicopter with doctor. Message from RCC; helicopter is airborne and on its way. Helicopter will arrive in distress position within 1 hour Helicopter will use rescue sling.

SMCP in VHF-communication between MV Seaborne, RCC Kola Radio and helicopter. VHF-message begins: MAYDAY+identification+position. I require medical assistance. I require helicopter with doctor. Information: helicopter is on the way. Information: helicopter ETA distress position within one hour. Information: I will use rescue sling.

Relative wind direction is 045 degrees at 26 knots. Vessel indicates that all is clear for landing. Patient cannot be taken from board.

Information: relative wind zero four five degrees, speed is two six knots. Information: I am ready to receive you. Information: transfer of patient not possible.

PRIORITY: DISTRESS (SAR)- Search & Rescue Unit (SRU) Vendor is underway to assist MV Seaborne DKEL in posn. 69 degr.29min. N/042 degr.53 min E SRU Vendor will be the on-scene co-ordinator. Vendor displays an orange flag and two red vertical lights. SRU is underway to distress position to render assistance. Her position is 69 degr..29min. N/042 degr.53 min E., her course is 135 degrees; her speed is 12 knots. ETA within 1 hour. Request to all ships to assist with search for missing person and report any result to OnScene Co-ordinator. Weather in distress position: wind SW 3; visibility is moderate; sea is smooth; current 2.5 knots to SW. End of SAR operations. The search for missing person is stopped; no one was found.

SMCP in VHF-communication: Search& Rescue communication between SRU, MV Seaborne and vessels that are able to comply. VHF-message begins: MAYDAY + identification. Information: I will act as on-scene-Coordinator. Information: I will show following signals: orange flag-two red vertical lights. Information: I am proceeding to your assistance; my position 69 degr.29min.N/030degr.53min E., my course is 135 degrees; my speed is one two knots; my ETA distress position within one hour. Request: all vessels in vicinity of position 69 degr. 29 min.N/042 degr.53 min E: keep sharp lookout and report to On-Scene Co-ordinator. Information: wind SW Beaufort force three: visibility moderate; smooth; current two decimal five knots to SW. We finish with SAR-operations. Vessels have permission to stop search and proceed with voyage; result of search negative.

PRIORITY: URGENCY- MV Seaborne (call sign DKEL-MMSI-Code 235 786 000); posn.69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min. E

Vessel is unmanoeuvrable due to problems with main engine.

SMCP in VHF-communication:her DSCalert has been acknowledged;VHF-message begins: PAN PAN-PAN PAN-PAN PAN All stations, all stations, all stations +identification and position I am not under command; I have problems with main engine.

Other traffic in the vicinity is asked to keep clear. Tug assistance is needed. Vessels has problems with her manoeuvrability due to problems with her steering gear. Vessel is losing dangerous substance (IMOclass 6) There is immediate risk of pollution. Request for assistance to clear oil. Vesel has problems with her stability due to heavy icing.

Request all vessels keep clear. I require tug assistance. I am maneuvering with difficulty; I have problems with steering gear. I am spilling dangerous goods of IMO-class 6 in posn.69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min E. Warning: danger of pollution imminent. I require oil clearance assistance. I have stability problems-heavy icing.

PRIORITY: SAFETY-(weather, hydrography and ice); message by VTSStation Kola RadioDecember 14-1345 hrs.UTC. Winds from SW force 4 are expected to increase to force 7 in White sea area. Barometer will fall quickly. Maximum winds of 50 knots are expected. Swell of 3 metres from SW is expected in White Sea area within the next hour. Freak wave is expected y 23.45 UTC in posn 69 degr. 29min.N/042 degr.53min E The tide is 2 metres higher than expected. Abnormally low water is expected within 6 hours. Water is not deep enough Depth indicated in the chart must be reduced by 1.5 metre because of the sea state. Visibility is reduced due to fog.

SMCP in VHF-communication: VHF-message begins: SECURITE-SECURITE-SECURITE All stations, all stations, all stations + identification + time: Warning: wind direction SW force Beaufort four, expected to increase force seven in White sea area. Warning:barometer dropping rapidly Warning: maximum winds of five zero knots expected. Warning: swell of 3 metres from SW expected in White sea area within next hour. Warning: Tsunami expected by 23.45 UTC in posn 69 degr. 29min.N/042 degr.53min E. Warning: tide 2 metres above prediction. Warning: abnormally low water expected within 6 hrs. Warning: depth of water not sufficient Warning: charted depth of water decreased by one decimal five due to sea state. Warning: visibility restricted by fog.

Visibility will be decreased to 50 metres. Ice warning: an iceberg has been located n posn 69 degr. 29min.N/042 degr.53min E. We expect that the ice situation N of White Sea area will deteriorate. We expect that the thickness of the ice will increase.

Information: visibility expected to decrease to five zero metres. Ice warning: iceberg located in posn 69 degr. 29min.N/042 degr.53min E. Warning: ice situation expected to deteriorate N of White Sea area. Information: thickness of ice expected to increase.

PRIORITY: SAFETY- (BUOYAGE AND OBSTRUCTIONS); MV Seaborne (call sign DKEL-MMSI-Code 235 786 000); posn.69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min. E December 14-1345 hrs. UTC

SMCP in VHF-communication: Her DSC-alert has been acknowledged; VHF-message begins: SECURITE-SECURITE-SECURITE All stations, all stations, al stations+identification, position and time:

Buoy KL 2 in vicinity of position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min. E is no longer in its correct position. Buoy KL 2 in vicinity of position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min. E is missing. No light on CA4-buoy in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min. AL2-buoy in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. is unreliable. We have detected a mine adrift in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. We have detected an unlit derelict vessel adrift in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. We have detected a shoal in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. that has not been charted yet. We have detected an obstruction in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. (confirmed). We are performing dangerous operation in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. traffic is requested to keep distance from us.

Warning: Buoy Kilo Lima two in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min. E off station. Warning: Buoy Kilo Lima two in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. missing. Warning: buoy Charlie Alfa-four in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min E unlit. Warning: buoy Alfa Lima two, in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min E unreliable Warning: mine adrift I vicinity of position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min E. Warning: unlit derelict vessel adrift in vicinity of position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. Warning :uncharted shoal reported in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. Warning: obstruction located in position 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E.. Warning :hazardous operations in posn. 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. Wide berth requested.

PRIORITY: ROUTINE- Pilotage: request by MV Seaborne (call sign DKEL) position: bearing 045 degrees from Alice Buoy, distance 2.5 miles. Vessel needs pilot service.

SMCP in VHF-communication Between Seaborne, Pilot Station and pilotboat: VHF-message begins: ADDRESS & IDENTIFY I require a pilot. Information: my posn. bearing 045 degrees

Distance between vessel and pilot station is 18.5 miles. Time of arrival at pilot station is 0945 UTC. Pilot boat is approaching. Vessel does not need pilotage-exemption certificate is on board Pilotage has stopped until further notice. Pilotage will start again at 1400 UTC. Shore based pilotage is available. Vessel is given permission to navigate on her own. Pilot will come on board at 13.50 hrs.UTC Vessel must make a lee on starboard side. Vessel must prepare the pilotladder starboard side. on

from Alice Buoy, distance 2.5 miles. Information: my distance from pilot station is 18.5 nautical miles. Information: my ETA at pilot station is 0945 UTC. Information: pilot boat approaching your vessel. Information: I do not require a pilot-I am holder of Pilotage Exemption Certificate. Information: pilotage suspended. Information: pilotage is resumed at 1400 UTC. Information: shore based navigational assistance available. Information: you have permission to proceed by yourself. Information: pilot will embark at 13.50 hrs UTC. You must make a lee on your starboard side. Rig pilot ladder on starboard side. Have heaving line ready at pilot ladder put lights on at pilot ladder. Make boarding speed of 6 knots. Information: embarkation not possible.

Vessel must prepare heaving line and put lights on at pilot ladder. Boarding speed is 6 knots. It is not possible for the pilot to

PRIORITY: ROUTINEInformation about traffic image fairways by VTS KOLA RADIO There is a vessel entering the fairway

and

SMCP in VHF-communication by Kola Radio to all stations. VHF-message begins: ADDRESS&IDENTIFY Information: vessel is entering the fairway. Information: MV Garland is leaving

MV Garland is leaving from the embankment.

Vessel two cables South of Bondpier is on her way to sea. MV Christiana is on her way from one berth to another. Vessel is making a turn to port. Vessel in position two miles S of entrance, on course 068 degr. At a speed of 8 knots is not following the traffic regulations. Salvage operations are n progress in posn. 69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. Vessels are requested to keep distance. There is a vessel two miles W of the entrance that is hampered by a draft of 21 metres. Route from roadstead to entrance temporarily not to be used. Inshore traffic lane permanently closed for navigation. Route around dangerous shoal two miles W of Pierhead has been diverted. Cable Layer Aurora in position 6.5 miles N of Bondchannel is maneuvering with difficulty. Vessels must keep clear.

Information:vessel in posn. Two cables S of Bondpier is outgoing Information: MV Christine is shifting berth. Information: vessel altering course to port side. Warning: vessel in posn. Two miles S of entrance, course 068 degr., speed 8 knots is not complying with traffic regulations. Information: salvage operations in posn.69 degr.29 min.N/042 degr.53min.E. Information: vessel two miles W of entrance constrained by a draft of two one metres. Information: route from roadstead to entrance suspended. Information: navigation closed in inshore traffic lane. Information: route around hazardous shoal two miles W of Pierhead diverted. Information: hampered vessel Aurora in posn. Six decimal five miles N of Bondchannel; wide berth requested.

PRIORITY: ROUTINEInformation about tides by VTS KOLA Radio

SMCP in VHF-communication by Kola Radio to all stations. VHF-message begins: ADDRESS &IDENTIFY

Prediction: the tide in the N of White sea area will be 2 metres below datum. Tide is getting low Tide is getting high Tide is turning Tide is moving in direction 120 degrees and is with the vessel. Rate of tidal stream is 1.2 knots and is against the vessel. Rate of the current is 1.4 knots 1 mile N of the breakwater. Depth as indicated in the chart must be reduced by 1.2 metre because of the wind.

Tidal prediction: Tide of two metres belw datum expected in North of White sea area. Information: tide falling. Information: tide rising. Information: tide slack Information: tide setting in direction120 degr.tide is with you. Information: tidal stream one decimal two knots. Tide is against you Information: current one decimal four knots in posn 1 mile N of breakwater. Information: charted depth decreased one decimal two metre due to winds.

PRIORITY:ROUTINEVTS-Maas Approach acquiring data from MV Seaborne. VTS wishes to know -name of the vessel and call sign -vessels course and speed; -the course to reach her; -where the vessel is going -from what port she is coming; -what is the next port that she will go to; -whether the vessel s proceeding or not; -her ETA at next waypoint -the vessels full speed to manoeuvre; -what cargo she is carrying;

SMCP in VHF-communication between VTS-Maas Approach and MV seaborneDKEL; VHF-message begins: ADDRESS & IDENTIFY Question: Alfa; what is the name of your vessel and call sign? Bravo: what is your present course and speed? Charlie: what is the course to reach you? Delta: what is your destination? Echo: what was your last port of call? Foxtrot: what is your next port of call? Golf: are you underway? Hotel: what is your ETA at next waypoint? India: what is your full maneuvering speed Julliett: what is your cargo?

-whether she has any dangerous goods aboard; -if she has any defects MV Seaborne answers: MV Seaborne DKEL; Course: 125 degrees true-speed 14 knots; Course to reach me:240 degrees true; Destination: Rotterdam; Last port: Marseilles; Next port: Antwerp; Vessel is proceeding; Next waypoint at 1400 UTC may 26;

Kilo: do you carry any dangerous goods? Mike: do you have any deficiencies? Answer: Alfa: Delta Kilo Echo Lima; Bravo: one two five degrees true-my speed one four knots; Charlie: two four zero degrees true; Delta: Rotterdam; Echo: Marseille Foxtrot: Antwerp; Golf: I am underway; Hotel: one four zero zero hours UTC-May 26 India: 3 knots

Manoeuvering speed 3 knots; Cargo:3500 metric tons general cargo; No dangerous goods on board; SB ballast pump not working

Juliett: three five zero zero metric tons of general cargo; Kilo: negative Mike: starboard ballast pump inoperative.

PRIOROTY: ROUTINE- Maas Approach (VTS): Information about Seabornes position

SMCP in VHF-communication between VTS-Maas Approachnd MV SeaborneDKEL; VHF-message begins:

Vessel must report at next waypoint. Vessel is closing up to vessel North of her. There is a vessel on opposite course that will pass to the Northwest of you. Vessel behind you is going to overtake to the West of you.. There is crossing traffic in the approach to harbour. Vessel Southeast of you is at anchor. No 1 Eurobuoy is 2 cables West of you. Vessel South of you is going to increase her speed. Vessel is proceeding towards fairway limit. Vessel indicates to VTS that her position was obtained by radar. VTS wants to know what radar-range is used. VTS informs vessel that she is leaving the radar screen PRIORITY: ROUTINEMaas Approach (VTS): Information about Seabornes Course (Track) Seabornes Track is: parallel with the reference line. moving away from reference line towards the reference line

ADRESS & IDENTITY Report at next waypoint Information: you are getting closer to vessel to the north of you. Information: vessel on opposite course passing to the Northwest of you. Information: vessel following you will overtake to the West of you Information: you will meet crossing traffic in the approach to the harbour Information: vessel to the Southeast of you is at anchor. Information: no 1 Eurobuoy distance 2 cables to the West of you Information: vessel to the South of you is increasing speed Information: you are approaching limit of fairway Information: my position was obtained by radar. Question: what range scale are you using?. Information: you are leaving my screen.

SMCP in VHF-communication with MV Seaborne-DKEL; VHF-message begins: ADDRESS & IDENTIFY Your track is parallel with reference line. Your track is diverging from reference line. Your track is converging to reference line Warning: you are steering dangerous course. Advise you keep your present course. Advise you alter course to port.

The course that the vessel is steering now is dangerous. Vessel is advised to maintain her present course. Vessel is advised to change course to port side.

Danger!: waters North of Seabornes position are shallow. there is an underwater-wreck Northeast of Seabornes position

Warning! You are running into danger! Shallow waters to the North of you. Warning! You are running into danger! Submerged wreck to the Northeast of you.

Seaborne is going to collide with Warning! Risk of collision with vessel to the west of vessel West of her you. Warning! You are running into danger! Fog Seaborne is sailing into a fogbank bank to the North of you. North of her. She must go to Instruction: proceed to emergency anchorage. emergency anchorage. Warning! You are running into danger! Gunnery in progress in area South West of Baylerock. Information: you are approaching obscured area. Approaching vessels must acknowledge.

Navy practicing in the area Southwest of Baylerock. Vessel is approaching an area that is hidden to view. Other vessels that are approaching must report.

PRIORITY: ROUTINEMaas Approach (VTS): Information and instructions about arrival and anchoring of MV Seaborne. Vessel is allowed to enter traffic lane at 12.45 UTC and proceed to berth no.6A. Vessels berth is not ready yet. She is instructed to set course to waiting area. Waiting time is 6 hrs. Anchoring is forbidden outside roadstead. Vessel must anchor in her present position Vessel must drop her anchors in another position. Vessel is impeding (hindering) other traffic. Vessel is forbidden to dredge her anchor. Vessel in posn 0.5 cable S of roadstead is dragging anchor.

SMCP in VHF-communication with MV Seaborne-DKEL; VHF-message begins: ADDRESS & IDENTIFY Information: you have permission to enter traffic lane at 1245 UTC- traffic clearance granted; proceed to berth number six-alfa. Information: your berth is not clear Instruction: you must proceed to waiting berth.. Information: berthing delayed for 6 hours. Information: anchoring prohibited outside roadstead. You must anchor in present position. You must anchor in different position. Information: you are obstructing other traffic. Do not dredge anchor. Information: vessel in position 0.5 cable S of roadstead is dragging anchor. You must heave up anchor

Vessel must heave up her anchor Vessel is given permission to anchor in her present position and wait for higher tide. Vessel must go to the anchorage. PRIORITY: ROUTINEIntership-communication. MV Seaborne-DKEL Giving information to unknown vessel SMCP in VHF-communication: MV Seaborne to unknown vessel (=Pearl Head VRSE): VHF-message begins: Adress: All vessels (3X) Calling unknown vessel in position 2 miles South of breakwater Identify:this is(3X). Intention: I will reduce speed to 4 knots. Intention: I will alter course to port and proceed on course 084 degrees. Intention: I will stand-on. Intention: I will proceed to enter Malacca Strait at 1345 hrs. Local time. Intention: I will increase my speed to 9 knots. Intention: I will pass Pulau Karimum-light at 16.50 Local Time Warning: you are steering dangerous course. Advise you alter course to port. Warning! You are running into danger! Shallow waters ahead of you Information: youhave permission to anchor in present position until sufficient water. You must proceed to anchorage.

Vessels intention is: -to decrease speed to 4 knots. -to change course to port and steer course 084 degr. -to maintain course and speed. -to continue voyage and enter Malacca Strait at 13.45 hrs Local time. -to increase speed to 9 knots. -to pass Pulau Karimum-light at 1650 hrs local time. Seaborne warns unknown vessel that she is steering a dangerous course. Vessel is advised to change course to port side. Danger1: -waters ahead of unknown vessels position are shallow.

-there is an underwater-wreck ahead of unknown vessels position

Warning! You are running into danger! Submerged wreck ahead of you.

-unknown vessel is on a collision course with vessel starboard of her. Seaborne asks unknown vessel about her intentions.

Warning! You are running into danger! Risk of collision with vessel on your starboard side. Question: what are your intentions?

INTRASHIP COMMUNICATIONAnchoring We are going to drop anchor 6 shackles must be put in the water. Drop starboard anchor! Cable is leading astern; anchor is holding. Take in 1 shackle of the anchor chain. Put on anchor lights and hoist the ball. Anchor position must be checked by bearings every 15 minutes. We are going to heave anchor. Turn on the windlass Start heaving port anchor. Anchor is loose from the ground. There are 3 shackles left to come. Anchor is clear of the water. Anchor has been fastened.

SMCP in intra-ship communication We will let go sb anchor. Put 6 shackles in water. Let go starboard anchor. Cable leading astern; anchor holding. Walk back the anchor one shackle. Switch on anchor ball. Check anchor position by bearings every 15 min.. We will heave anchor Put windlass in gear. Heave up port anchor. Anchor is aweigh. 3 shackles left. Anchor clear of the water. Anchor secured

INTRASHIP COMMUNICATIONberthing. We are going to berth on the starboard side.

SMCP in intra-ship communication. We will berth starboard along side.

We are going to moor to dolphins. Put the headline overboard. Prepare heaving lines forward and aft. Lead the line through the bow lead. Heave the breast line. Slack the stern line. Keep tension on the springs. Fasten the lines forward and aft.

We will moor to dolphins. Send out headlines. Have heaving lines ready forward and aft. Use the bow lead. Heave on breast line. Slack away stern line. Keep the springs tight. Make fast fore and aft.

INTRASHIP COMMUNICATION-castingoff orders Prepare to start the engines. Is everyone prepared to depart? Everyone is prepared to depart. Prepare to cast off. Let go all but the essential lines. Slack the stern line. Heave the breast line. Cast off the head line/stern line/breast line/fore spring/aft spring. Finished casting off.

SMCP in intra-ship communication Stand by engines. Are you ready to get underway?. Ready to get underway. Stand by for letting go. Single up fore and aft. Slack away stern line. Heave on breast line. Let go the head line/stern line/beast line/fore spring/aft spring. Finished with maneuvering station

INTRASHIP COMMUNICATION-Helm orders and engine room orders

SMCP in intra-ship communication

Rudder to be held in the fore and aft position. 5 degrees of starboard rudder. 15 degrees of port rudder Rudder fully over to starboard side. Check the swing of the vessels head in a turn Reduce the vessels swing rapidly. Reduce the amount of rudder to 10 degrees and hold. Steer steady course on the compass heading indicated at the time f the order. Steer 182 degrees port. Now the helmsman must repeat this and indicate when the vessel in on that course. Now the OOW must acknowledge what the helmsman has indicated. Start the engines. Engine power: very slow ahead. Engine power; slow ahead Engine power: ahead at half power Engine power: full power ahead. Engine power; astern at half power. From full ahead to full astern. Operation of engines no longer required.

Midships. Starboard five. Port fifteen. Hard-a-starboard. Meet her. Steady. Ease to ten. Steady as she goes. Port, steer one eight two Port, one eight two. Steady on one eight two. Steady on one eight two. Start engines. Dead slow ahead. Slow ahead. Half ahead Full ahead Half astern Emergency full astern. Finished with engines-no more maneuvering.

Role Plays: Distress, Urgency and Safety 1) Distress 211 687 000- Pearl Head-VRSE, in posn. 37 degrees 15 min.N/016 degrees 10 min. W. has transmitted a DSC-distress-alert that has been acknowledged by RCC. Now she transmits a distress message on VHF. Her engine room and bridge are on fire. The vessel is sinking. Crew are abandoning ship. There are 15 crewmembers on board. Six of them have been injured. One crew member was killed. Two lifeboats have been launched. 2) Distress MY Stella Maris (non-GMDSS-vessel), in posn.44degrees 58min.N/013 degr. 5 min.W, has had a collision with a container. She now transmits a VHF distress-alert and distress-message: water is entering the vessel. Vessel is sinking. There are two crewmembers on board. 3) Urgency 211 868 000 M.V. Christina-PKAH in posn. 56 degr. 29 min.N/011 degr. 53 min. E, has transmitted a DSC urgency-alert that has been acknowledged RCC. She has suffered damage below her waterline. She requests for tug-assistance. Now she transmits an urgency message on VHF. 4) Urgency Fisherman Vincente-PWCA, in posn. 36 degr. 21 min.N/009 degr. 53 min.W, has a seriously wounded man on board. Medical assistance is required. She transmits an urgency message on VHF. 5) Safety 426 477 000-Tanker Vermont-UBCE, in posn. 259 degr. From Falls Light, distance 1.5 miles, has transmitted a DSC safety-alert that has been acknowledged by RCC. She has detected that buoy FL-1 in position 259 degrees from Falls Light, distance 2 miles, is off station. She now transmits a safety-message on VHF. Time:May 12 at 1645 UTC. 6) Safety MV Vincente-PWCA, inposn. 185 degr. From Estoril Lighthouse, distance 3.5 miles, has detected that buoy EL-3 in posn. 185 degr. From Estoril Lighthouse, distance 2.3 miles, is unlit. She transmits a safety-message on VHF.Time;May 28 at 0000 UTC.

Role Plays: VTS-station to all vessels VTS-station Palermo Radio to all vessels in vicinity of Capo Callo: 1) Traffic movement information at 1245 hrs.UTC There is a vessel on her way from one berth to another in position 2 miles South of Main Pier; her course is 065 degrees, her speed is 4 knots. There is also a vessel crossing the fairway on course 056 degrees at a speed of 5 knots. 2) Traffic movement information at 0800hrs.UTC Vessel in position 2 miles S of Entrance, on course 068 degrees, at a speed of 8 knots is not following traffic regulations. There is a vessel 2 miles W of the entrance that is constrained by a draft of 22 metres; ships are requested to stay at a safe distance. 3) Traffic movement information at 1325 hrs.UTC Salvage operation are in progress in the NE traffic lane. Salvage vessel Catrina is hampered. Vessels are requested to keep distance. 4) Traffic movement information at 0000 UTC Route from roadstead to entrance temporarily not to be used. Inshore traffic lane permanently closed for inward bound vessels. Route around dangerous shoal 2 cables S of entrance has been changed; vessels underway to sea are requested to use the inshore traffic lane. 5) Traffic movement information at 1445 hrs. UTC There is a vessel in position 6 mils N of Molehead whose anchor is dragging; she is hindering other traffic. 6) Tidal information at 1245 hrs. UTC Tide is getting high. Tide is moving in direction 120 degrees. Rate of tidal stream is 1.2 knot. Rate of current 1 mile N of the breakwater is 1.4 knot. Depth as indicated in the chart must be reduced by 1.2 metres because of the wind. Role Plays: VTS-station Palermo Radio to vessel 1) VTS-station wishes to know -vessel Seabornes course and speed; (085 degrees true/12 knots) -the course to reach her; (045 degrees, true) -where the vessel is going to; (Rotterdam) -from what port is she coming; (Singapore) -what is the next port that she will go to; (Marseilles) -if she has any defects;(radar not functioning) 2) VTS-station indicates that

Seaborne is closing up to vessel to the North of her; there is a vessel opposite course that will pass to the West of her; vessel to the South of Seaborne is increasing her speed and will overtake to the East of her. 3) VTS-station instructs Seaborne to report at next waypoint. 4) VTS-station informs that Seabornes berth is not ready yet. Seaborne s forbidden to anchor n present position. She must set course to waiting area. Waiting time is 6 hrs. 5) VTS-station indicates that the water is not deep enough for Seaborne to proceed. Vessel is given permission to anchor in her present position and wait for higher tide. 6) VTS-station indicates that Seaborne must heave up anchor. Seaborne is allowed to enter traffic lane at 12.45 UTC and proceed to berth no 6A. Seaborne is forbidden to dredge her anchor. 7) VTS-station indicates that The course that Seaborne is steering now is dangerous, because waters to the Northwest of her are shallow. Vessel is advised to change course to 18o degrees. 8) VTS-station informs that There is an underwater-wreck on Seabornes course. She is advised to change course to 185 degrees. 9) VTS-station informs that Seaborne is sailing into a fogbank. She must go to emergency anchorage. 10)VTS-station indicates that Seaborne is on a collision course with vessel to the North of her. She must change course to 045 degrees and decrease her speed. 11)Routine Communication by VTS: Role A: Palermo Radio; Role B: Sea Empress-GBFJ Palermo Radio instructs MV Sea Empress-GBFJ to alter course to 186 degrees because she is obstructing other traffic and is not following the traffic regulations. Sea Empress answers that she will carry out the instruction. 12) Routine Comunication between Coast station Gibraltar Strait Information Centre-MMSI 002251933-and MV Anticosti-V8SH-MMSI 346574000: Role A: Gibraltar Strait information Centre; Role B: Anticosti-V8SH; Coast Station asks and Anticosti answers questions concerning: -present position (193 degrees from Europa Point, distance 12 miles); -speed;(8 knots)

-ETA-Gibraltar; (09.30 UTC, July 10); -cargo; (800 metric tons of general cargo); -bunker tonnage and grade; (3000 metric tons of HFO); Anticosti answers. Anticosti asks -if her berth is ready; (yes: berth number 13 has been allocated to Anticosti); -if she requires pilotage; (no, she doesnt); -if inshore radar assistance is available; (yes, assistance is available); - doctor can be available upon arrival because of a sick crewmember; (affirmative). Gibraltar Strait Information Centre answers.and indicates to Anticosti that tugs wil make fast in position 2 cables outside the entrance. Anticosti is asked to stand byAnticosti confirms. 7) Role Plays: Intership routine Communication: 1) seaborne-VRSH indicates to Anti Costi-V8SH that the course that Anti Costi is steerig now is dangerous, because waters ahead of the vessel are shallow. Vessel is advised to change course to port side. 2) Ocean Queen informs the Arctic explorer that There is an underwater-wreck on her course. She is advised to change course to 185 degrees. 3) Castor-PHSA informs Mineshead that She I sailing into a fogbank. 4) Catinca-RRSA indicates to Levanta that She is on a collision course with vessel on starboard hand. She advises her to change course to port and decrease her speed. 5) Calling unknown vessel on ch. 16-message on ch.8 Role A: Chaser-DEKL Role B: Unknown ship (Packer-P3XQ-in posn. 290 degrees from Cape Gris Nez, distance 2.5 miles); Chaser calls unknown vessel to indicate that she intends to overtake her on her port side on course 152 degrees at a speed of 9 knots. Packer acknowledges and closes. 6) Callig unknown vessel on ch.16-message on ch.8 Role A: Dian Chi-OSXT; Role B: Unknown ship (Ice Flower-OVRR-2 miles N of the Breakwater-black hull and yellow superstructure); Dian Chi is at anchor n he middle of he fairway and calls unknown vessel to ask what her intentions are Ice Flower indicates that she will stand on. Dian Chi warns Ice Flower that she is running into danger, because she is on a collision course with Dian Chi. She advises Ice Flower to alter course to port side and to proceed on course 168 degrees true. Ice Flower acknowledges and closes. 7) Calling unknown vessel on ch.16-message on ch.8 Role A: Chaser-DEKL;

Role B: Unknown ship (Arctic Flower-RDVW, in posn. 085 degr. Estoril Lighthouse, distance 8.5 miles). Chaser calls unknown vessel to indicate that she is approaching shoals that are not mentioned in the chart, and advises her to change course to portside. 8)Routine Communication: Pilotage. Role A; Amsteldijk-PHSA; Role B; Dover Pilot Station (Trinity House Pilot); Role C: Pilot on board of Pilot Tender Amsteldijk, in position 225 degrees from Bassurelle, distance 3.5 miles, requests pilotage. Dover Pilot reports that pilotage has been suspended and will be resumed at 12.00 hrs UTC. Amsteldijk must anchor in her present position. At 12.45 hours UTC the pilot reports that he is underway. Distance between pilot teder and Amsteldijk is 1.3 miles. Pilot will reach Amsteldijk at 13.00 hours UTC. Pilot will embark on starboard side. Masteldijk must heave up anchor, make a lee and rig pilot ladder. She must stand on on course 064 degrees true at boarding speed of 4 knots. Amsteldijk must remain stand by on channel 13. Amsteldijk acknowledges. 8) Role Plays: MAREP/POSREP Role A: San Pedro Coast Station; Role B: Great Yarmouth princess-GBCH On August 6 San Pedro Coast station requests a MAREP/POSREP from English tanker Great Yarmouth Princess-GBCH-owned by eastern Petroleum and represented by Ferreira Shipping, underway from her last port of call (Capo Michaella) to San Pedro Oil Terminal with 18,500 tons of crude oil. Her L.O.A. is 185 metres, her beam is 28 metres. She carries 0.25 ton of dangerous substance of IMO-class 4. Weather is good, with westerly winds of 3 Beaufort. There are 18 crewmembers and a deep-sea pilot on board. Her draft fore is 18 metres; draft aft is 20 metres. The radio oprtator of Great Yarmouth Princess transmits a MAREP/POSREP to San Pedro Coast Station n VHF at 16.35 UTC in position 25 degrees 0 minutes South/084 degrees 18 minutes West. Her course is 195 degrees true at a speed of 12knots. She expects to reach San Pedro on August 6 at 22.00 hrs.UTC. Deficiencies: starboard ballast pump is out of order. VHF-channels guarded are 13 and 16.

Project 1: VHF-Comunication Searh and Rescue Transmit by VHF of in written form the bold and italicized assignments. Role-Play: - Role A: Distressed vessel: Bulgarian container-carrier Pear; Head-VRSE of 85,000 GTOwner: Kandinsk Varna-Bulgaria, underway from Sao Paulo to Norfolk-USA., on fire in posn. 36 degr 49 min N/075 degr. 25 min W. Date: Sept 28 - Role B: RCC Norfolk Radio (Search&Rescue-Region U.S.A) - Role C: MV Seaborne-IRSL (able to assist) - Role D: MV Empress-ZAKP (able to assist) - Role E: Search and Rescue Unit (SRU) Vendor. 1-MV Pearl Head transmits a MAYDAY on VHF. Her position is 36 degr 49 min N/075 degr 25 min W. Time: 12.45 UTC. Fire has been located in the engine room and in No.2 hold. The vessel is sinking and the crew are abandoning her. Crew consists of 18 members, 6 of whom have been injured. She has put two lifeboats in the water. 2-RCC Norfolk radio transmits a written message by Inmarsat to indicate to all vesels in vicinity to report to MV Pearl Head. Time: Sept.28 1250 hrs. UTC. Message to all vessels in vicinity of MV Pearl Head To: From: Message:

3-Seaborne transmits a Received mayday on VHF. 4-Empress transmits a Received Mayday on VHF. 5-Seaborne transmits a supplementary Received Mayday. Her position is 045 degrees from the distressed vessel, at a distance of 3 miles at 12.55 hrs. UTC. Her speed is 12 knots. She expects to reach Pearl Head within 15 minutes. She informs Pearl head that she has fire-fighting equipment on board. 6. Empress transmits a supplementary Received Mayday Her position is 345 degrees from the distressed vessel, at a distance of 6 miles at 12.58 hrs. UTC. Her speed is 14 knots. She expects to each Pearl Head within 20 minutes. 7. A NAVTEX message is transmitted to all vessels: Search-&-Rescue Unit Vendor will act as On-Scene-Co-ordinator and must start SAR-operations. SRU-Vendor is already in pearl heads vicinity and proceeds towards her position. RCC transmits a Silence Mayday at 1300 hrs UTC.

8. SRU-Vendor ransmits a written short-form SITREP by Inmarsat to RCC-Norfolk Radio (Search & Rescue-Region USA). Time: September 28 at 13.05 hrs. UTC. She recommends fire fighting assistance and helicopter assistance to transfer crew.

Short-form SITREPby SRU-Vendor -Priority -Date and Time -To -From -SAR SITREP number -Identity of casualty -(Name, call sign, Flagstate) -Position (Latitude/longitude) -Situation: Message Date and time Nature of Distress -Number of Persons at risk -Assistance that is required -Co-ordinating Centre 9. SRU Vendor has reached Pearl Head and transmits a VHF-message to all vessels at 13.10 hrs UTC. She reports that all crewmembers have abandoned Pearl Head. Vendor has started fire-fighting operations. 10. Seaborne transmits a VHF-message to all vessels at 13.15 hrs UTC. She reports that she is in the distressed position and has taken on board 10 survivors from one lifeboat. There are 2 injured persons that need hospitalization. She will assist with fire-fighting operation. 11.Empress transmits a VHF-message to all vessels at 13.20 hrs UTC. She reports that she is in the distressed position and has taken on board 8 survivors from one lifeboat. There are 4 persons with injuries. 12. SRU-Vendor transmits a full-form SITREP to RCC Norfolk Radio. Full-form SITREP by SRU-Vendor on Sept. 12 14.15 hrs. UTC. Fire could not be extinguished. Pearl Head has sunk. Oil clearance assistance underway. ETA helicopter 14.20. Vessels able to comply: Seaborne-ISL and Empress-ZAKP. Weather: good with NW winds 3 to 4B.-overcast with good visibility-Sea State 4 (moderate). VHF Ch.67. -Priority (distress/urgency) -From -To -SAR SITREP number -Identity of asualty -Position (Latitude/longitude) -Descriptio of emergency -Situation: Message Date and time Nature of Distress -Number of Persons at risk

-Assistance that is required -Co-ordinating Centre -Description of casualty -On-scene weather -Initial actions taken -Search area -Co-ordinating instructios -Future plans -Additional information and conclusion 13 SRU-Vendor transmits a VHF-message to Norfolk Radio at 14.55: All injured persons (6) picked up by helicopter for transfer to hospital. -SITREP from SRU-Vendor to RCC-Norfolk to indicate that the SAR-Operation is finished. 14. End of SAR-operations RCC Norfolk Radio transmits Silence Fini on VHF at 15.00 hrs UTC. Project 2: VHF-Communication Search and Rescue Roles: Role 1: MV. Cosco Emperor, CHJG-385771000 Role 2: Chaser-DEKL Role 3: Castor-PHSA M.V. Cosco Emperor, in posn 40 degr 38 min S/178 degr 5 min E, has a dangerous list to sb. She is making water through s hole in her hull below the waterline. She has put deckcargo overboard to restore her stability. She has 12 crewmembers on board (no one injured)-2 lifeboats have already been launched. The crew have to leave the ship. She has transmitted a distress alert, which has been acknowledged by VTS Wellington Radio. Received mayday is transmitted by 2 vessels: Chaser-DEKL, in posn 125 degr from Cosco Emperor at a distance of 12 miles, and Castor-PHSA, posn 160 degr from Cosco Emperor, distance 3.5 miles. Both vessels are able to assist. At a speed of 15 knots Chaser will reach Cosco Emperor within 1 hour. She has a doctor on board. At a speed of 18 knots Castor will reach Cosco Emperor within 15 minutes. Now Cosco emperor transmits her distress message on VHF. VTS Wellington Radio now instructs Castor to be the OSC. At 1510 castor transmits a silence mayday. Now Cosco Emperor indicates that 8 crewmembers have left the vessel and are in the lifeboat. At 15.20 hrs. Castor is in distress posn. At 16.00 Chaser has reached Cosco Emperor. She has taken on board 8 survivors from 1 lifeboat. Now the Cosco Emperor transmits a VHF message: number of crew remaining on the vessel is 4.Vessel is still making a dangerous list to sb and water is still entering the vessel. The 4 men are leaving the ship. At 1640 Chaser indicates that she has taken 4 survivors on board. Two of them have injuries that require hospitalization. At 1700 the Cosco Emperor has sunk completely. There are no casualties. Castor indicates end of SAR operation.