Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Research in Business
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Business Research Methods, Copyright 2008 by 10e The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Applied
Basic (Pure)
Limitations addressed
Adequate analysis Unambiguous presentation Conclusions justified Credentials
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Examples
Ask the wrong questions: Coca-colas fiasco Costly, large-scale empirical study yielded wrong marketing decision (changing Coke formula) Test the wrong population: Roosevelts election wrong prediction Use a wrong model: French economy economic model (De Gaulle administration) Good results for wrong reason: NYU NYSE forecasting models
LRC Bui Tung, 2007 12
Problem Formulation
"Well begun is half done" -- Aristotle, quoting an old proverb Where do research topics come from?
one of the most common sources of research ideas is the experience of practical problems in the field?
Personal Experience
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Evaluate hypotheses
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Useful theories
Economic theories
optimization under scared resources
Management science
operations research organizational behavior
DISCUSSION
- Can you think of a research question?
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Questions
ty le nghi viec
1.If you want to understand why the turnover rate in your company increase this year, what is your research topic? 2.Identify the problem statement. 3.Identify the objectives 4.The theory support for your study and hypotheses 5. The research methodology. 6. The examples of interview protocol/ the 24 questionnaires
How serious is Why turnover rate increase How to solve the problem
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Sound Reasoning
Types of Discourse
Exposition
Argument
Deduction
Induction
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Deductive reasoning
Dien dich
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts with a general case and deduces specific instances. Deduction starts with an assumed hypothesis or theory. This assumption may be well-accepted Ex Gravity makes things fall. The apple that hit my head was due to gravity.
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Deductive Reasoning
Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive
This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive
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2002 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning, or induction, is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule. It draws inferences from observations in order to make generalizations. Inference can be done in four stages:
Observation: collect facts, without bias. Analysis: classify the facts, identifying patterns of regularity. Inference: From the patterns, infer generalizations about the relations between the facts. Confirmation: Testing the inference through further observation.
Quy nap
Ex: All of your friends are good. You can be good, too. 31
Inductive Reasoning
Why didnt sales increase during our promotional event?
Regional retailers did not have sufficient stock to fill customer requests during the promotional period A strike by employees prevented stock from arriving in time for promotion to be effective A hurricane closed retail outlets in the region for 10 days during the promotion
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Language of Research
Success of Research
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Language of Research
Concepts Constructs Conceptual schemes Operational definitions
Models
Variables
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Operational Definitions
How can we define the variable
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Act
Variable
Characteristic Trait
Attribute
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Types of Variables
Nhi phan - Yes or No
Dichotomous
Roi rac
Discrete
Lien tuc
Continuous
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A promotion campaign (IV) will increase savings activity (DV), especially when free prizes are offered (MV), but chiefly among smaller savers (EV-control). The results come from enhancing the motivation to save (IVV).
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Hypothesis Formats
Descriptive Hypothesis In Detroit, our potato chip market share stands at 13.7%. American cities are experiencing budget difficulties. Research Question What is the market share for our potato chips in Detroit? Are American cities experiencing budget difficulties?
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Relational Hypotheses
Correlational
Young women (under 35) purchase fewer units of our product than women who are older than 35. The number of suits sold varies directly with the level of the business cycle.
Causal
An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income saved. Loyalty to a grocery store increases the probability of purchasing that stores private brand products.
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Questions
1.If you want to understand why the turnover rate in your company increase this year, what is your research topic? 2.Identify the problem statement. 3.Identify the objectives 4.The theory support for your study and hypotheses 5. The research methodology. 6. The examples of interview protocol/ the questionnaires
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