Both ... and is a paired conjunctions.

Paired conjunctions are used to express actions that two or more subjects take. Other paired conjunctions include 'either ... or' and 'neither ... nor'. As 'both ... and' refers to two subjects the plural form of the verb is always used. However, 'either ... or' and 'neither ... or' can take the singular and the plural form of the verb. Both and Subjects connected by 'both and' take the a plural conjugation. Examples: Both Alice and Janice attended USC. Both Jim and Peter are attending the conference in New York this weekend. Either or 'Either or' is used in sentences in a positive sense meaning "one or the other, this or that, he or she, etc." Verb conjugation depends on the subject (singular or plural) closest to the conjugated verb. Examples: Either Peter or the girls need to attend the course. (second subject plural) Either Jane or Matt is going to visit next weekend. (second subject singular) Either you leave me alone or I will call the police. We should bring either coffee or tea. You can either help us or go to your room. Either of us could do it Either one of us could do it Either of you should know Either one of you should know Not... either... or denies both possibilities: I don't think either Mike or Lisa will be there. He doesn't speak either English or French. I don't speak French. You don't either. He isn't ready to go. We aren't either.

Neither nor 'Neither nor' is used in sentences in a negative sense meaning "not this one nor the other, not this nor that, not he nor she, etc.". Verb conjugation depends on the subject (singular or plural) closest to the conjugated verb. Examples: Neither Frank nor Lilly lives in Eugene. (second subject singular) Neither Axel nor my other friends care about their future. (second subject plural) Neither of them is ready. Neither one of them is ready. Neither of us has any money. Neither one of us has any money. I don't speak French. Neither do I. (informal): Me neither. He isn't ready to go. Neither are we. I didn't get enough to eat, and you didn't either. or I didn't get enough to eat, and neither did you. It's important to notice that words following "neither" are not negative. You shouldn't use double negatives in English Mary doesn't want to wake Tom up, and Christine doesn't either. or Mary doesn't want to wake Tom up, and neither does Christine. EXERCISE 1: 1. I can't speak Spanish, and ___________________________. (you / either) 2. She doesn't eat red meat, and ________________________. (he / neither) 3. The students didn't have any books, and __________. ( the teacher / either) 4. We haven't seen that movie yet, and ___________________. (you / neither) 5. Jane doesn't drive yet, and __________________________. (Jim / neither) 6. You won't shop at that store, and ________________________. ( I / either) 7. The computer doesn't work, and ________________. ( the printer / neither) 8. You didn't do any laundry, and __________________________. ( I / either) 9. Henry isn't eating his food, and ______________________. (Zelda / either) 10. I don't have to work tomorrow, and ___________________ (you / neither) EXERCISE 2: 1. Both Tom and Peter _____ in a suburb of Chicago. live

lives 2. Either he or they _____ going to take care of the problem. is are 3. Neither my aunts nor my grandmother _____ to come to the celebration. want wants 4. Both my father and my brother _____ to finish the project. intend intends 5. Neither Sally nor the other children _____ in the tooth fairy. believes believe 6. Either I or Jack _____ investigated the situation already. has have 7. Both the students and the teacher _____ in evolution. believes believe 8. Either the uncle or the aunt _____ the boy a birthday card every year. send sends 9. Neither Jennifer nor Katherine _____ able to attend the party last week. were was 10. Either the participants or the sponsors _____ going to make a donation. are is

So and Too "So" and "too" are useful words that can make your sentences shorter but stronger. The examples here show them used with conjunctions, but there are many applications for these words. Examples: I went to a movie, and my friend did, too. or I went to a movie, and so did my friend. Pay attention to word order. "Too" goes at the end of the sentence, and "so" goes after the conjunction, then the helping verb, and then the subject. When two situations are the same, you could write a sentence like this: I like to eat pizza, and my children like to eat pizza. But this is better: I like to eat pizza, and my children do, too. or I like to eat pizza, and so do my children. He likes to cook, and she does, too. or He likes to cook, and so does she. Bobby went swimming yesterday, and so did Tom. or Bobby went swimming yesterday, and Tom did, too.

1. Mary can ride a bike, and ______________________________. (John / so) 2. You like to study English, and ___________________________. (she / too) 3. They lived in Mexico a long time ago, and __________________. (I / so) 4. I have been to New York, and ____________________________. (you / so) 5. She's a student, and ___________________________________. (he / too) 6. We were late to class, and ________________________. (the teacher / so)

7. I eat lots of vegetables, and __________________________. (my kids / too) 8. My computer has a power cord, and __________________. (my printer / so) 9. Bob has finished his homework, and _____________________. (Mary / too) 10. Jerry will go to the party, and __________________________. (Sue / so) Answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. and so can John. and she does too. and so did I. and so have you. and he is too. so was the teacher. and my kids do too. so does my printer. and Mary has too.

10. so will Sue. Use either or so: 1. You are late for school. 2. You don't like red skirts. 3. My children go to St Johana's School. 4. Paul should behave more carefully. 5. Students were not tired at the end of the day. 6. Guy speaks English very well. 7. I am a teacher. 8. Vivian can never get rich. 9. I am not expecting any prize. 10. I will be at the party. 11. Karim studied in the U.S.A. 12. You didn't see him. 14. They must obey the instructions. 15. We won't be long. 16. Mary goes by train at 3 pm. 17. I did not wash my car yesterday. 18. Camin is a computer scientist. 19. Catherine has eaten rice. they. they. I. Kan. you. I. Lillian. we. 13. Sam should not have left school so early. you. Paul. you. Alfred. Henry. Veronique. I. Jane. yours Kathrin. the teachers.