Healthy Buildings 2003

Energy-Efficient Healthy Buildings

Proceedings of ISIAQ 7th International Conference

7th 11th December 2003 Singapore
Editors

Tham Kwok Wai Chandra Sekhar David Cheong

Jointly Organised by

Department of Building National University of Singapore

and

International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ)

Sponsored by

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)

Volume 1

Contents for Volume 1

Page Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Organising Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . International Coordinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . International Scientific Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv v vi

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Brief Contents for Volume 2 and Volume 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii KEYNOTES Providing Indoor Air of High Quality: Challenges and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. O. Fanger Designing for People: What Do Building Occupants Really Want? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Levin Healthy BuildingsFrom Science to Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. Seppnen Evaluating IAQ effects on People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. P. Wyon Ecospace : Healthy, Comfortable, Safe, Smart and Sustainable Spaces for the People of Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. M. Bluyssen, O. C. G. Adan, W. Bakens SARS and the CityEmerging Health Concerns in the Built Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. L. Ooi, S. Lim, K. W. Tham How can Land and Urban Development Make Houses Healthier? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. Morawska Productivity and Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Tanabe International Standards for the Indoor Environment. Where are we and do they apply to Asian Countries? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. W. Olesen The Global Burden of Disease from Unhealthy Buildings: Preliminary Results from Comparative Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K. R. Smith Indoor Environments and Health: Moving into the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. D. Spengler, J. M. Samet 1 11 29 51

61 73 81 98

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(1A) CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS Measurements of Saturation Vapour Pressure for Estimating Biocide Concentrations in Indoor Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Salthammer, E. Uhde, M. G. Mller, H. K. Cammenga Emission of Phosphorus Organic and Polybrominated Flame Retardants From Consumer Products and Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Kemmlein, O. Hahn, O. Jann, S. Kalus, D. Stolle Measurements of Indoor Concentrations of Aldehydes, VOCs and Fungi in Newly-built Apartment Houses in Tokyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y. Sekine, T. Iwata, D. Okagaki Aldehydes and VOCs in Newly-built Unoccupied Houses in Tokyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Iwata, H. Tsukahara, M. Hori Release of Primary Compounds and Reaction Products From Oriented Strand Board (OSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Salthammer, C. Boehme, B. Meyer, N. Siwinski Sorption/Desorption Behavior of Polyurethane Foam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Zhao, J. C. Little, S. S. Cox Flame Retardants in the Indoor Environment. Part V: Measurement and Exposure Evaluation of Organophosphate Esters From Automobile Interiors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Wensing, J. Pardemann, W. Schwampe A New Model for Analyzing the Influence of Initial Concentration in Building Materials on VOC Emission Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y. Zhang, Y. Xu Emissions from Adhesives and Floor Coverings on Aggresive Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Alexanderson Indoor Air Pollution in Museum Display Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Ryhl-Svendsen SPME-GC/MS Analysis of Organic Acids in Indoor Museum Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Ryhl-Svendsen, J. Glastrup Determining Coefficients for Mass-transfer Models for Volatile Organic Compound Emissions From Architectural Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Won, C. Y. Shaw Material Emissions in New Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Jarnstrom, K. Saarela Distributions of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollutants in Downtown Rio De Janeiro City, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. P. Carneiro, C. Y. M. Santos, F. R. A. Neto Investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Rate for Sick Houses in Japan . . . . . . . . T. Mitamura, H. Yoshino, H. Osawa, Y. Kuwasawa Measurements of Primary and Secondary Emissions with Ozone by Using a Small-scale Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Nakagawa, R. Funaki, H. Tanaka, S. Tanabe A Pilot Study on VOCs and Carbonyl Compounds in Chinese Residences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y. Ni, K. Kumagai, H. Yoshino, Y. Yanagisawa The Emissions of Terpene-Type VOC From Cedarwood in an Eco House and the Chemical Reaction Between the Sesqui-Terpenes and Ozone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. Iwashita 136

142

148 154

160 166

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178 184 189 193

198 204

210 217

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A Method of Apportioning Indoor Radon Concentration to the Constituent Building Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 T. C. W. Tung, J. L. Niu, J. O. W. Lau Impact of Ozone on Indoor Air Quality: A Preliminary Field Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F. Maupetit A Comprehensive VOC Emission Database for Commonly-used Building Materials . . . . . . . 253 D. Won, R. J. Magee, E. Lusztyk, G. Nong, J. P. Zhu, J. S. Zhang, J. T. Reardon, C. Y. Shaw The Development of Indooor Air Quality During the First Year in New, Residential Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 H. Jarnstrom, K. Saarela Measurements of Aldehydes and VOCs in a Newly-constructed Multi-family Residential Building Using Passive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 M. Asai, J. Matsumoto, S. Tanabe Measurement of VOCs Emission Rates for Evaporation-Controlled Materials by Using an Inner Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 H. Tanaka, S. Tanabe, R. Funaki, T. Nakagawa Sampling of Volatile Terpenes in Indoor Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 E. Uhde Highly PCB-Contaminated Schools Due to PCB-Containing Roughcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 N. Weis, M. Khler, C. Zorn VOC and SVOC Contribution of Papers for Hardcopy Devices to Indoor Air Pollution . . . . 289 O. Wilke, O. Jann, D. Brdner The Application of Semiconductor-based Odour Sensors Capable of Measuring and Evaluating Indoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 M. Yamaguchi, K. Tomioka Indoor Chemistry and Health: Where are We Going? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 A. C. Rohr Draft on KHNCs Criteria of HCHO for Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 W. Jo, H. Kim, J. Jeon, D. Kang Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in a Residence Using Natural Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 N. Marumoto, N. Suzuki, S. Tanabe Measurements of Aldehydes and VOCs From Electronic Appliances by Using a Small Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 R. Funaki, H. Tanaka, T. Nakagawa, S. Tanabe What is Behind TVOC in New Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 K. Saarela, H. Jarnstrom, T. Tirkkonen, K. Villberg Integrated Impacts of the Indoor Temperature on the Characteristics of VOC Emissions From Local Paints in TaiwanSolvent-based Paints as Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 W. C. Shao, C. M. Chiang, T. Y. Chen, Y. C. Chen On Diffusive Badges and VOC Sampling in IAQ Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 S. Rastan, A. Horton, F. Murray, J. P. Farant, F. Haghighat Experimental Study of Reactions between Ozone and Building Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F. Maupetit French Permanent Survey on Indoor Air QualityMicroenvironmental Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in 90 French Dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 S. Kirchner, S. Gauvin, F. Golliot, O. Ramalho, A. Pennequin

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VOV Source and Sink Behaviour of Porous Building Materials: Part IModel Development and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 C. S. Lee, W. S. Ghaly, F. Haghighat VOC Source and Sink Behaviour of Porous Building Materials: Part IIEffects of Reynolds Number and Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 C. S. Lee, W. S. Ghaly, F. Haghighat Do Particleboards Produced with Recycled Wood Contribute to Indoor Air Pollution with Biocides? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 W. Horn, O. Hahn, O. Jann, S. Kalus Effects of Building Material on Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds in Taiwans Typical Office Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Y. H. Li, C. M. Chiang, C. S. Lee, N. T. Chen, H. J. Su Current Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms Among Pupils in Shanghai Schools, in Relation to Indoor Mould Growth and Exposure to Traffic Exhausts in the Schools . . . . . . . 379 Y. H. Mi, D. Norbck, J. Tao, Y. L. Mi, M. Ferm Concentrations and Emission Rates of Indoor VOCsA Comparative Study Between Singapore and European Office Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 M. S. Zuraimi, C. A. Roulet, S. C. Sekhar, K. W. Tham, K. W. Cheong, N. H. Wong, H. K. Lee Study on Measurement of Formaldehyde Emitted from Medium Density Fibreboards and Televisions under Simulated Room Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Q. Zhu, S. Kato, Y. Ataka Investigations on VOC, Ozone and Dust Emissions from Hardcopy Devices (Laser Printers, Copiers and Multifunctional Devices) in Test ChambersDevelopment of a Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 J. Rochstroh, O. Jann, O. Wilke, R. Noske, D. Brdner, U. Schneider, W. Horn Emission of Diisocyanates in Indoor Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Y. Katsuyama, N. Shinohara, K. Kumagai, M. Fujii, Y. Yanagisawa Indoor and Outdoor Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration in Residential Houses in Australia . . . 409 C. He, L. Morawska, J. Hitchins, D. Gilbert Adsorption/Desorption of Volatile Organic Compounds by Uncoated Cork Parquet . . . . . . . 414 G. V. Silva, E. O. Fernandes, M. T. S. D. Vasconcelos, A. M. Santos Influence of UV Wavelength, Light Intensity and Humidity on Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene by Using Hybrid Titania-Based Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 R. Yang, Y. P. Zhang, R. Y. Zhao Contributions of Outdoor, Indoor and Other Sources to Personal VOC Exposure in Five European Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 V. Ilacqua, M. Jantunen A Pilot Study to Identify Semi-Volatile Organic Pollutants in Residential House Dust . . . . . . 433 J. Zhu, B. Aikawa Potted-Plant/Growth Media Interactions and Capacities For Removal of Volatiles From Indoor Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 R. A. Wood, R. L. Orwell, J. Tarran, F. Torpy, M. Burchett A Study on Emission Characteristics of VOCs With the Lightweight Panel Finishing Material Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 J. Y. Sohn, Y. K. Baik, S. K. Pang, H. Cho Indoor and Outdoor Organophosphorus Pesticides in an Agricultural Area in Japan . . .. . . . 452 J. Kawahara, Y. Yanagisawa Combined Air, Heat, Moisture and VOC Transport in Whole Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 H. M. Salonvaara, J. S. Zhang, A. N. Karagiozis

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An Integrated Zonal Model for Predicting Airflow and VOC Concentration Distributions in a Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 H. Huang, F. Haghighat, H. Yoshino Chemical Emission Rates from Personal Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 T. Nakagawa, P. Wargocki, S. Tanabe, C. J. Weschler, S. Baginska, Z. Bak-Bir, P. O. Fanger Measurement of SVOCs Emitted from Building Materials and Electric Appliances Using Thermal Desorption Test Chamber Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 K. Hoshino, S. Ogawa, S. Kato, Q. Zhu, Y. Ataka A New Method to Measure the Emission Rate of VOCs with Passive Flux Sampler and Evaluation of PFS with Reference Emission Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Y. Kai, M. Fujii, K. Kumagai, N. Shinohara, Y. Yanagisawa A Preliminary Cancer Health Risk Assessment of a Population of Inner-City Teenagers in New York City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 S. S. Ramstrom, S. Chillrud, P. Kinney, J. Spengler Survey on the VOCs Concentration in Hospitals Using a Passive Sampler Method . . . . . . . . 493 M. Shiotsu, K. Ikeda A Field Study of the Distribution of Degraded Flooring Components in a Concrete Floor . . . 499 C. Engstrm, T. Hall, A. Sjberg Role of Volatile Organic Compounds in Residential Interior Air Pollution: A Study . . . . . . . 505 D. Sanyal Application of Langmuir-Cheng Model for Photocatalytic Degradation of Multi-VOCs in Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 T. Cheng, Y. Jiang, R. Yang, Y. Zhang Dimensioning of Soil Depressurisation System for Radon Remediation in Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 B. Collignan, P. O Kelly The New European Information System (EIS-CHEMRISKS) for Assessing Exposures from Consumer Products in the Indoor Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 D. Schwela, P. Hakkinen, D. Papameletiou Identifying and Quantifying VOC Emissions From Brazilian Paints: Methodology . . . . . . . . 530 K. L. Uemoto, V. Agopyan Paint Lead Levels in Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 C. K. Chen, C. S. Clark, P. A. Succop Phthalates in Indoor Air of Canadian Residences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 J. Zhu, Y. L. Feng, S. MacDonald, R. Newhook, L. Marro Improvement of IAQ by Coating of Chemical Adsorptive Polymer: FormaldehydeAdsorption Characteristics of the Material and Evaluation in its Application . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 M. Hori, T. Ohkawara, T. Shimonosono, S. Handa Field Measurement of Formaldehyde in Government Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 H. Osawa, M. Yasuhiro, B. Kazuaki, S. Hironori (1B) MICROBIALS Detection of an Aflatoxin-Like Substance in an Office Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 W. Lorenz, C. Trautmann, I. Dill, M. Gareis MVOC Out of New Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 L. Virnich, W. Lorenz, C. Trautmann Materials Microbiology in Different Elements of Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 M. Reiman, L. Kujanp, R. Kujanp

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Contents for Volume 1

Amoebae and Other Protozoa in Moisture-Damaged Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 T. Yli-Piril, J. Kusnetsov, S. Haatainen, P. Jalava, M. Hnninen, M. R. Hirvonen, M. Reiman, M. Seuri, A. Nevalainen Dampness in Dwellings and Sick Building Symptoms Among Adults. A Cross-Sectional Study on 8918 Swedish Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 C. G. Bornehag, J. Sundell, L. Hgerhed Actinomycetes in Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 W. Lorenz, R. M. Kroppenstedt, C. Trautmann, E. Stackebrandt, I. Dill Building Related Microbes Before and After the Repair of Moisture Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 L. Kujanp, M. Reiman, R. Kujanp Isolation and Identification of Filamentous Fungi From HVAC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 rnigoj, P. Zalar, V. Butala M. Butala, M. C Moulds, Bacteria and MVOC in Classroom and Outdoor Air, and Microbial Components in Settled Dust From Schools in Shanghai, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 D. Norbck, Y. H.Mi, L. Larsson, L. Wady, J. Tao, Y.L.Mi S-520 Mold Remediation Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 R. G. Baker Measurements on Mite Allergens in Houses of Allergy Patients in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 F. Shinohara, H. Miyazawa, T. Iwata, H. Yasueda, Y. Nagase Validation of Questionnaire Data With Inspections on Dampness Indications in 390 Swedish DwellingsDBH Step 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 L. Hgerhed, C. G. Bornehag, J. Sundell Health Effects of Flooding: Changes of Symptoms, Tear Film Stability and Biomarkers in Nasal Lavage After Re-Exposure to a Damp Office Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 G. Wieslander, D. Norbck, P. Venge Comparison of Air Samplers for Fungal Exposure Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 T. Iwata, F. Shinohara, C. Sano, Y. Kowashi Experimental Study on Activities of the Virus in Low Humidity Indoor Environments . . . . . 637 K. Ikeda, T. Ibamoto, T. Komatsu, M. Saito, M. Nakayama, K. Saito, S. Yamadera, M. Kinomoto, Y. Tsubota Development of a Performance Indicator for Mould Growth Risk Avoidance in Buildings . . . 643 H. J. Moon, G. Augenbroe Fungal Index in Dwelling Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 K. Abe, S. Nakai, Y. Yanagisawa Development of Novel Air Purification Technology Using Ions Generated by Discharge Plasma (i) Physical Background and Biological Effect on Indoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 H. Nojima, K. Nishikawa, Y. Shimizu, B. Schwartz, K. Senkpiel, H. Ohgke Development of Novel Air Purification Technology Using Ions Generated by Discharge Plasma (ii) Inactivation of Influenza Virus in Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 K. Nishikawa, H. Nojima, M. Aoki, Y. Kuroda Biohygrothermal Method for the Prediction of Mould Growth; Procedure and Healthy Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 K. Sedlbauer, M. Krus, K. Breuer (1 3)--D-Glucan In Indoor Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 Y. W. Liu, P. C. Wu, C. H. Chang, B. F. Gi, H. J. Su A Comparative Study of Qualitative Sampling Methods for the Analysis of the Indoor Air Moulds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 W. Y. Chan, K. M. Law, L. L. P. Vrijmoed

Contents for Volume 1 Health Risks by Microbial Cell Wall Agents Indoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Rylander Characterization of Ambient Bioaerosols in Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. V. N. Rathnayake, R. Balasubramanian Organic PeroxidesThe New Generation of Highly Effective Disinfectants for Remediation of Mouldy Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Langvad Home Characteristics Are Associated With Indoor Microbial Exposures in Subtropical Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. H. Chang, P. F. Chi, Y. W. Liu, P. C. Wu, H. J. Su Are Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOC) Useful Predictors For a Hidden Mould Damage? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Schleibinger, C. Brattig, M. Mangler, D. Laumann, D. Eis, P. Braun, D. Marchl, A. Nickelmann, H. Rueden The Medical Relevance of Methods to Sample Indoor Air Microbial Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Rylander, L. Beijer Indoor Air Climate and Microbiological Contamination in Dental Clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Popa, D. M. Srbu, A. R. Srbu Brassicasterol: A Specific Biomarker Sterol in Humidifier Sediments in Indoor Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Maayoufi, C. Chasseur, N. Nolard, G. Lognay, M. Marlier Study of the Effects of Essential Oils on Microbes Present in Ventilation Systems . . . . . . . . . M. C. Pibiri, C. Seignez, C. A. Roulet Inter-Laboratory Trials for Proficiency Testing of Mycological Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Szewzyk, U. Weidner, T. Gabrio, H. P. Seidl (1C) THERMAL COMFORT

xv 685 689

695

700

706

711 715

721 729 735

Practical Thermal Sensing Measurement and Neural-Thermal Comfort Index . . . . . . . . . . . 739 S. Atthajariyakul, T. Leephakpreeda A New Dutch Adaptive Thermal Comfort Guideline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 A. C. Boerstra, A. K. Raue, S. R. Kurvers, A. C. van der Linden, J. J. N. M. Hogeling, R. J. de Dear PMV-derived Productivity Model as a Tool to Assess Productivity Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 R. Kosonen, F. Tan Thermal Comfort Conditions in Semi-Outdoor Environments For Short-Term Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 J. Nakano, S. Tanabe The Effect of Temperature and Air Velocity Change on Human Sensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 L. N. Huda, H. Hiroshi, N. Matsubara, C. Phonesavanh, Y. Shoko Research on the Effect of Air Velocity on Thermal Comfort Based on the Ramp Changing Transient Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Y. Ji, G. Tu, X. Wang Impact of Non-Isothermal Task Conditioning System on Thermal Comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 T. Akimoto, S. J. Lee, N. Iesaki, T. Yokota, J. Hayashi, S. Tanabe Thermal Preference of Task Environment and Its Influence on Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 J. Hayashi, T. Akimoto, S. J. Lee, N. Iesaki, T. Yokota, S. Tanabe Thermal Indoor Climate Evaluated on the Basis of a Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 B. Kvisgaard

xvi

Contents for Volume 1 798 804 809 815 822

A Fuzzy Logic Approach in Thermal Comfort Modelling for Naturally Ventilated House in Tropics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Feriadi, N. H. Wong, S. C. Sekhar, K. W. D. Cheong Indoor Conditions in Ultra-lightweight Structures: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. Marletta, F. Sicurella, G. Evola Adaptive Comfort Theory Applied to Office Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K. J. McCartney Behavioral Adaptation in Semi-Outdoor Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Nakano, S. Tanabe Thermal Environment and Behavioral Adaptation in Semi-Outdoor Cafeteria . . . . . . . . . . . T. Shimoda, M. Noguchi, J. Nakano, S. Tanabe Development of Human Thermoregulation Model JOS Applicable to Different Types of Human Body, Sex and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Sato, L. Xu, K. Ogawa, S. Tanabe Transient Thermal Sensation and Comfort Resulting From Adjustment of Clothing Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Goto, J. Toftum, P. O. Fanger, H. Yoshino Prediction of Indoor Sol-Air Temperature in an Atrium Space with a Vertical Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. S. Park, J. Y. Sohn, S. M. Lee, M. K. Sung Thermal DiaryRecords of Temperature Exposures during a 24-h Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Chun, A. Kwok, T. Mitamura, N. Miwa, M. Lee, A. Tamura Thermal Response of Korean College Students in a Thermal Environment Chamber . . . . . . G. N. Bae, M. Kim, Y. Kim Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Author Index for Volume 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Author Index for Volume 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

828

835

841 847 854 861 I IV

Volume 1: Author Index

Abe, K. 649 Adan, O. C. G. 61 Agopyan, V. 530 Aikawa, B. 433 Akimoto, T. 776, 783 Alexanderson, J. 184 Aoki, M. 660 Asai, M. 265 Ataka, Y. 391, 474 Atthajariyakul, S. 739 Augenbroe, G. 643 Bae, G. N. 854 Baginska, S. 468 Baik, Y. K. 446 Bakens, W. 61 Baker, R. G. 607 Bako-Biro, Z. 468 Balasubramanian, R. 689 Beijer, L. 711 Bluyssen, P. M. 61 Boehme, C. 160 Boerstra, A. C. 743 Bornehag, C. G. 582, 619 Brattig, C. 706 Braun, P. 706 Breuer, K. 666 Brodner, D. 289, 397 Burchett, M. 439 Butala, M. 595 Butala, V. 595 Cammenga, H. K. 136 Carneiro, F. P. 210 Chan, W. Y. 679 Chang, C. H. 673, 700 Chasseur, C. 721 Chen, C. K. 536 Chen, N. T 373 Chen, T. Y. 331 Chen, Y. C. 331 Cheng, T. 511 Cheong, K. W. 385, 798 Chi, P. F. 700 Chiang, C. M. 331, 373 Chillrud, S. 486 Cho, H. 446 Chun, C. 847 Clark, C. S. 536 Collignan, B. 517 Cox, S.S. 166 Crnigoj, M. 595 De Dear, R. J. 743 Dill, l. 560, 583

Eis,T. 706 Engstrom, C. 499 Evola, G. 804 Fanger, P. O. 1, 468, 835 Farant, J. P. 337 Feng, Y. L. 542 Feriadi, H. 798 Ferm, M. 379 Fernandes, E. O. 414 Fujii, M. 404, 480 Funaki, R. 224, 271, 319 Gabrio, T. 735 Gareis, M. 560 Gauvin, S. 349 Ghaly, W. S. 355, 361 Gi, B.F. 673 Gilbert, D. 409 Glastrup, J. 193 Golliot, F. 349 Goto, T. 835 Haatainen, S. 578 Hagerhed, L. 582, 619 Haghighat, F. 337, 355, 361, 462 Hahn, O. 142, 367 Hakkinen, P. 524 Hall, T. 499 Handa, S. 548 Hanninen, M. 578 Hayashi, J. 776, 783 He, C. 409 Hinomoto, M. 637 Hironori, S. 554 Hiroshi, H. 761 Hirvonen, M. R. 578 Hitchins, J. 409 Hogeling, J. J. N. M. 743 Hori, M. 154, 548 Horn, W. 367, 397 Horton, A. 337 Hoshino, K. 474 Huang, H. 462 Huda, L. N. 761 Ibamoto, T. 637 Iesaki, M. 776, 783 Ikeda, K. 493, 637 Ilacqua, V . 427 Iwashita, G. 236 Iwata, T. 148, 154, 613, 631 Jalava, P. 578 Jann, O. 142, 289, 367, 397

Jantunen, M. 427 Jarnstrom, H. 204, 259, 325 Jeon, J. 308 Ji, Y. 768 Jiang, Y. 511 Jo, W. 308 Kai, Y. 480 Kalus, S. 142, 367 Kang, D. 308 Karagiozis, A. N. 456 Kato, S. 391, 474 Katsuyama, Y. 404 Kawahara, J. 452 Kazuaki, B. 554 Kelly, P. O. 517 Kemmlein, S. 142 Kim, H. 308 Kim, M. 854 Kim, Y. 854 Kinney, P. 486 Kinomoto, M. 637 Kirchner, S. 349 Kohler, M. 283 Komatsu, T. 637 Kosonen, R. 749 Kowashi, Y. 631 Kroppenstedt, R. M. 583 Krus, M. 666 Kujanpaa, L. 572, 590 Kujanpaa, R. 572, 590 Kumagai, K. 230, 404, 480 Kuroda, Y. 660 Kurvers, S.R. 743 Kusnetsov, J. 578 Kuwasawa, Y. 217 Kvisgaard, B. 791 Kwok, A. 847 Langvad, F. 695 Larsson, L. 600 Lau, J. O. W. 242 Laumann, D. 706 Law, K. M. 679 Lee, C. S. 355, 361, 373 Lee, H. K. 385 Lee, M. 847 Lee, S. J. 776, 783 Lee, S. M. 841 Leephakpreeda, T. 739 Levin, H. 11 Li, Y. Y. 373 Lim, S. 73 Little, J. 166 Liu, Y. W. 673, 700

861

862

Volume 1: Author Index

Rastan, S. 337 Rathnayake, I. V .N. 689 Raue, A. K. 743 Reardon, J. T. 253 Reiman, M. 572, 578, 590 Rochstroh, J. 397 Rohr, C. 301 Roulet, C. A. 385, 729 Rueden, H. 706 Ryhl-Svendsen, M. 189, 193 Rylander, R. 685, 711 Saarela, K. 204, 259, 325 Saito, K. 637 Saito, M. 637 Salonvaara, H. M. 456 Salthammer, T. 136, 160 Samet, J. M. 127 Sano, C. 631 Santos, A. M. 414 Santos, C. Y. M. 210 Sanyal, D. 505 Sato, T. 828 Schleibinger, H. 706 Schneider, U. 397 Schwampe, W. 172 Schwartz, B. 655 Schwela, D. 524 Sedlbeuer, K. 666 Seidl, H. P. 735 Seignez, C. 729 Sekhar, S. C. 385, 798 Sekine, Y. 148 Senkpiel, K. 655 Seppanen, O. 29 Seuri, M. 578 Shao, W. C. 331 Shaw, C. Y. 198, 253 Shimizu, Y. 655 Shimonosono, T. 548 Shinoda, T. 822 Shinohara, F. 613, 631 Shinohara, N. 404, 480 Shiotsu, M. 493 Shoko, Y. 761 Sicurella, F. 804 Silva, G. V . 414 Sirbu, A. R. 715 Sirbu, D. M. 715 Siwinski, N. 160 Sjoberg, A. 499 Smith, K. R. 118 Sohn, J. Y. 446, 841 Spengler, J. D. 127, 486 Stackebrandt, E. 583 Stolle, D. 142 Su, H. J. 373, 673, 700 Succop, P.A. 536 Sundell, J. 582, 619 Sung, M. K. 841 Suzuki, N. 313 Szewezyk, R. 735 Tamura, A. 847 Tan, F. 749 Tanabe, S. 98, 224, 265, 271, 313, 319, 468, 755, 776, 783, 815, 822, 828 Tanaka, H. 224, 271, 319 Tao, J. 379, 600 Tarran, J. 439 Tham, K. W. 73, 385 Tirkkonen, T. 325 Toftum, J. 835 Tomioka, K. 295 Torpy, F. 439 Trautmann, C. 560, 566, 583 Tsubota, Y. 637 Tsukahara, H. 154 Tu, G. 768 Tung, T. C. W. 242 Uemoto, K. L. 530 Uhde, E. 136, 277 Van der Linden, A. C. 743 Vasconcelos, M. T. S. D. 414 Venge, P. 625 Villberg, K. 325 Virnich, L. 566 Vrijmoed, L. L. P. 679 Wady, L. 600 Wang, X. 768 Wargocki, P. 468 Weidner, U. 735 Weis, N. 283 Wensing, M. 172 Weschler, C. J. 468 Wieslander, G. 625 Wilke, O. 289, 397 Won, D. 198, 253 Wong, N. H. 385, 798 Wood, R. A. 439 Wu, P. C. 673, 700 Wyon, D. P. 51 Xu, L. 828 Xu, Y. 178 Yamadera, S. 637 Yamaguchi, M. 295 Yanagisawa, Y. 230, 404, 452, 480, 649 Yang, R. 420, 511 Yasueda, H. 613 Yasuhiro, M. 554 Yli-Pirila, T. 578 Yokota, T. 776, 783 Yoshino, H. 217, 230, 462, 835 Zalar, P. 595 Zhang, J. S. 253, 456 Zhang, Y. 178, 511 Zhang, Y. P. 420 Zhao, D. 166 Zhao, R. Y. 420 Zhu, J. 433, 542 Zhu, J. P. 253 Zhu, Q. 391, 474 Zorn, C. 283 Zuraimi, M. S. 385

Lognay, G. 721 Lorenz, W. 560, 566, 583 Lusztyk, E. 253 Maayoufi, S. 721 Macdonald, S. 542 Magee, R. J. 253 Mangler, M. 706 Marchl, D. 706 Marletta, L. 804 Marlier, M. 721 Marro, L. 542 Marumoto, N. 313 Matsubara, N. 761 Matsumoto, J. 265 Maupetit, F. 247, 343 McCartney, K. 809 Meyer, B. 160 Mi, Y. 379, 600 Mitamura, T. 217, 847 Miwa, N. 847 Miyazawa, H. 613 Moon, H. J. 643 Morawska, L. 81, 409 Muller, M. G. 136 Murray, F. 337 Nagase, Y. 613 Nakagawa, T. 224, 271, 319, 468 Nakai, S. 649 Nakano, J. 755, 815, 822 Nakayama, M. 637 Neto, F. R. A. 210 Nevalainen, A. 578 Newhook, R. 542 Ni, Y. 230 Nickelmann, A. 706 Nicolas, M. 247, 343 Nishikawa, K. 655, 660 Niu, J. L. 242 Noguchi, M. 822 Nojima, H. 655, 660 Nolard, N. 721 Nong, G. 253 Norbck, D. 379, 600, 625 Noske, R. 397 Ogawa, K. 828 Ogawa, S. 474 Ohgke, H. 655 Ohkawara, T. 548 Okagaki, D. 148 Olesen, B. W. 104 Ooi, P. L. 73 Orwell, R. L. 439 Osawa, H. 217, 554 Pang, S. K. 446 Papatheletiou, D. 524 Pardemann, J. 172 Park, J. S. 841 Pennequin, A. 349 Phonesavanh, C. 761 Pibiri, M. C. 729 Popa, M. 715 Ramalho, O. 247, 343, 349 Ramstrom, S. S. 486