Country Presentation

Improving and Updating the Social Protection Index ADB RCDTA 7601
Present by : D.D.Deepawansa (Statistician)

Department of Census and Statistics

Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Outline of the presentation

Overview of the Household Income and Expenditure
Survey-HIES

Research findings of SP using HIES -2012/13

SP Data limitations - HIES - 2012/13

The issues encountered with the SP questionnaire

Impact on policy implications

Household Income and Expenditure Survey-HIES

HIES has been conducted since 1990/91 as a separate survey Under the National Household Survey Program.

Survey frequency- once in five years up to 2006/07 and thereafter once in three years.
Sample survey conducts for an year in 12 consecutive monthly rounds and island -wide representative sample of equal size are enumerated in each monthly round. General sample size is 25,000 housing units which provides adequate and reliable information down to district level. Data are collected through interviews and Diary methods. Food expenditure seven consecutive days Non food Different reference periods depending on items

Survey Objectives
The data collected through the survey is used to provide statistics on individual and household level information, objectives are;
To measure levels and observe the changes of living conditions of individuals. To estimate income and expenditure patterns. To compute various important poverty indicators. To provide information to calculate price indices. To provide various statistics on social protection indices To provide information on different living standard measurements

Survey Design
Coverage : Island-wide (persons living in housing units excluding the institutional population)
Sample design of the survey is two stage stratified Urban, Rural, Estate are domains in residential sectors in each district District is the main domain used for the stratification. Frame is the list of housing units prepared for the Census of Population and Housing 2011

Sample Allocation for Sri Lanka HIE survey

Primary sampling Units (PSUs) are the census blocks Secondary Sampling Units are the housing units Primary sampling Units (PSUs) are allocated to each district by using the Neyman allocation method considering the variance of household expenditure and no. of housing units.

Total Sample Size for District

Population standard deviation of expenditure in The district

Total no. of Housing units in the district Total no of PSU for Sri Lanka

Sample Selection Procedure

Stratum First stage selection (District, Urban) (District, Rural) (District, Estate)

Selection of primary sampling units (Census blocks)

Using PPS/Systematic sampling method (Size measure is no. of housing units in the census blocks)

Selection probability of PSU = P1

7

Continue.. Second stage selection

Selection of secondary sampling units (SSU) SSUs are the housing units in the selected primary sampling units (census block)

From each selected primary sampling units, 10 housing units are selected by using systematic sampling

Selection probability of SSU = P2

P final probability = P1 x P2 W1(initial weight) = 1/P final probability

8

Adjustment for non-response unit ( Sample Unit) Category

Completed Deferred No competent respondent at home Refused Housing unit is temporarily closed Household is demolished/Vacant Other (Specify)

Result code
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non response adjustment

Each PSU has separate adjustment factor

W4(final factor) =w1w2w3

Questionnaire Design
HIES questioner consists of nine sections to collect household information covering the following areas; 1. Demography 2. School education 3. Health 4. Food and non-food expenditure 5. Income 6. Inventory of durable goods 7. Access to facilities in the area and debts of the households 8. Housing information 9. Agriculture holdings and livestock

Data collection
The data are collected by interviews and Diary method Diary method records data and expenses on daily consumed food and beverage items at home and outside for one week reference period. By the Interview data are collected on nonfood items such as, Demography, School Education, Health, Income, and Inventory of durable goods. In addition, access to facilities in the area and debts of the households, housing information, agriculture holdings and livestock data are also collected. The enumerator visits three times the selected household within the reference week to obtain accurate data

SP variables in HIES 2012/13

HIES 2012/13 questionnaire was expanded to identify the most of the social protection schemes other than the schemes identified under the income section.
The variables included as SP transfers ;

Social Insurance programs

1. Pension Payment 2. Disability / relief payments 3. Health medical aids

Social Assistance Programs

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Samurdhi program (Poverty alleviation ) Elderly payment Educational & Scholarships School food program Triposha food program

Cont
6. Compensation Insurance etc 7. Disaster relief Assistant 8. Foods and other commendations 9. Fertilizer & Other subsidies

Any other payment received by household members are collected under other payments in the income Section.
Freely received as in kind are collected under the Expenditure section.

Social Protection Data Analysis and Findings 2012/13

(Three month data)

Social Protection Coverage-2012/13

Table 1 : Direct and indirect beneficiaries Poor All social protection All social insurance All social assistance 63.5 1.6 62.5 NP 40.8 9.0 33.5

Table 2 : Direct beneficiaries only

Poor All social protection All social insurance All social assistance 6.3 0.3 5.9 NP 5.5 2.7 2.8

Distribution of Social Protection Beneficiaries by Area of Residence

Average Transfer Value, Per Capita Sri Lanka -2012/13

Note: Table entries are the average per capita transfer received by all households in a group. It does include households that did not receive the transfer.

Impact of programs on poverty measures simulating the absence of the program

Sri Lanka Indicator without listed transfer All social protection All social insurance Pension Disability and Relief Medical aid All social assistance Samurdhi Elderly Payment Scholarship School_ food_ p Thriposha Compensation Other Food Disaster Fertilizer Other subsidies FGT0 FGT1 FGT2 6.5 1.1 0.3 9.2 8.2 8.2 6.5 6.5 7.5 6.9 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Impact of social protection programs on inequality measures - simulating the absence of the program

Distribution of Beneficiaries

Note: Specifically, beneficiaries' incidence is:(Number of individuals in the group who live in a household where at least one member receives the transfer)/(Total number of direct and indirect beneficiaries). P = Poor NP = Non poor

Concentration Curves, Main group of Social Protection Sri Lanka - 2012/13

Overlap of social protection programs

 HIES identified the main social protection transfers in

the country. However, there are other social protection mechanisms whose information are collected and/or covered but not clearly identified by the survey as social protection transfers.
For example, there are many traditional and religious schemes are in operation to assist those who are in need which are mainly funded and operated by societies, associations, and also by individuals
Labour market information are not collected in HIES.

SP Data limitations - HIES 2012/13

The issues encountered with the questionnaire

Few challenges and implications caused some impact to the survey Data capturing methodology Non responses The respondents feel inconvenience and also the survey take longer period to complete.(three visit per household and take 20- 30 min in each time )] Enumerators may encounter extra effort to explain the important of collecting survey data to the respondents due to the respondent does not getting direct benefits from the survey Respondents may struggle to provide accurate answers to some questions such as value of assistance received by the way of services or in kind

Continue.
Durable Goods Consumption Durable goods, such as vehicles, refrigerator and Tvs, etc. bought at a single point in time and consumed over several years. Consumption of a durable good should only include the amount of the durable goods that is consumed over the period of reference. However still in HIES in Sri Lanka has not been considering consumption of existing durable goods.
Income likely to be under-reported (forgetting, reluctance to disclose, difficult to measure, etc.). Some parts of income are difficult to observe (for instance, income from informal labor activity, from home agricultural production)

The link between individual welfare and income in not always clear

Impact on policy implications

Policy makers and donor agencies to arrive at informed decisions in formulating standard framework for social protection. This will provide; clear guidance to the policy makers to understand and identify target segments of the population assistance to quantify the scale of social protection schemes.

Monitoring and analysis Having such details will enable proper pre and post analysis and monitoring of social protection programs.

Thank you