Heat of Solution Objectives To be able to determine the heat of solution of some salts by the calorimetric method To be able to compare

the obtained values with the theoretical values and be able to draw out conclusions from the obtained results. Review of Related Literature
The enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of dissolution, or heat of solution is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution. The enthalpy of solution is most often expressed in kJ/mol at constant temperature. The energy change can be regarded as being made of three parts, the endothermic breaking of bonds within the solute and within the solvent, and the formation of attractions between the solute and the solvent.

Discussion of results For a given solute, the heat of solution is the change in energy that occurs as one mole of the solute dissolves in water. During the dissolving process, solutes either absorb or release energy. If solutes absorb energy from the water as they dissolve, the water gets colder and the reaction is endothermic. If solutes release energy to the water as they dissolve, the water gets warmer and the reaction is exothermic. Solution of one substance in another is accompanied by absorption or evolution of heat and this thermal effect is termed the integral heat of solution of this substance. Per mole of dissolved substance the integral heat of solution at any given temperature and pressure depends upon the amount of solvent in which solution takes place. For this reason it is essential to specify the number of moles of solvent per mole of solute in giving a heat of solution. Heat exchange experiments are conducted in a calorimeter which is an insulated container. The calorimeter is constructed such that ideally there will be no heat exchange between the contents of the calorimeter and the surrounding environment. However, heat exchanges can occur between the components within the calorimeter. This can be expressed in the following way: Qsystem = Qgain + Qloss (2) If the system does not exchange heat with the surroundings, then the Qsystem = 0, and Qgain = -Qloss (3) When a hot substance comes in contact with a cold substance within a calorimeter, heat will spontaneously pass from the hot to the cold substance until they achieve a thermal equilibrium (the same constant temperature). The quantity of heat lost and gained is equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign. http://pulse.pharmacy.arizona.edu/resources/heatofsolution.pdf http://sunny.moorparkcollege.edu/~chemistry/chemistry_1B_labs/experiment_one.pdf

1. The sign of Q indicates whether the heat is absorbed or released from the system. 2. In the determination of heat of solution during the experiment, the ambient temperature may have affected the results. This is because of the fact that an open thermos bottle was used instead of a coffee cup calorimeter that would have otherwise provided isolation to the system, accounting only the changes within the system.