Polar Equations

A. Lynnae Luettich

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

What is Polar Graphing?

Polar Graphing is a way to graph radius compared to angle, from a specic point and direction, known as the pole. The distance from the pole is the radial coordinate (r). The angle is the angular coordinate ().

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Important Equations
x=rCos[] y=rCos[]

r=x+y
=tan [y/x]

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

6 Types of Polar Functions

O Circles / Lines Polar Roses Lemniscates Spirals Limaons

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Circles:
There are two different ways to draw circles. The easiest is the equation r=f; f being any number. If f=6, the graph would look like this. This circle is drawn with the origin at the center of the graph. In order to draw a circle with a pole that is not at the center, you would use the equation, r=2fCos[], or r=2fSin[]. f being the radius of the circle. The equation r=3Cos[], would look like this. The equation r=4Sin [] would look like this.
Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Lines
-Notice the equations we learned before: x=rCos[], and y=rSin[]. -If you solve for r, the equations would be r=x/Cos[], and r=y/Sin []. -These are equations for lines: x/ Cos[] is vertical. x is where it crosses the x-axis. -y/Sin[] is horizontal. y being where it crosses the y-axis.

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Limaon
a/b<1 (looped

Though there are 4 different types of Limaons they all have the same form to their equation: abCos[] or Sin[]. Depending on the ratio of a/b, the + or -, and the Cosine or Sine, this equation can make different types of shapes.
a/b=1 (cardiod) 1<a/b<2 (dimpled) a/b>2 (convex)

a+b Cosine a-b Cosine a+b Sine a-b Sine

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Limaon

a/b<1 (looped

a/b=1 (cardiod)

1<a/b<2 (dimpled)

a/b>2 (convex)

a+b Cosine a-b Cosine a+b Sine a-b Sine Notes:

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

a+b is the long a is the radius of a is where the graph Like the others, a is the little loop, and crosses the axes on the short radius and radius, a is the radius b+a is the long on each side, and a-b b+a is the radius of the sides, and b+a is where it crosses at radius. The radius of is the radius of the the outer loop the furthest point. the dimple is b-a. at side.

Polar Roses
Polar equations for roses hold the form: aCos[b ] or aSin[b ]. Cosine and Sine make the graph differ 90and the radius of each petal is determined by a. b is the number of petals. When b is even 2b is the amount of petals. When b is odd, the number of petals is b. If the equation is negative or positive it changes what direction the graph is facing.

r=5Cos[2 ]

r=2Sin[5 ]

r=2Cos[5 ]

-2Cos[5 ]

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Lemniscates

r=(2Sin[2 ]

r=(2Cos[2 ]

Lemniscates are the same shape as the innity symbol (). They have the form of: r=+(aCos[2 ] or Sin[2 ]). For lemniscates, a is the radius of the propellors, they are called this because of their helicopter shape. The Sine or Cosine, like roses, change the position of the propellors/petals, however with lemniscates they only change 45. Sine creates a diagonal

r=(2Cos[2 ] [0, ]

r=-(2Cos[2 ] [0, ]

innity symbol, while Cosine creates a horizontal one. The + or - symbol do not change the look of the graph, just which direction it would rst be drawn in.

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Spirals

Spirals are very simple, their form is r=m +b. Look familiar? Its just like y=mx+b, a line. However, Im sure you can understand from their name, they are not linear at all. Their slope (m) is actually how fast the spiral is growing. The b pushes the radius out a little further at each . A negative slope ips the spiral 180.

r=

r=-

r=3

r=3 +6

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOgPrgi6V3I

Wednesday, May 29, 2013