Chapter Seven

Session Topics
Present six on-the-job training methods Discuss when particular on-the-job training method(s) are most appropriate Practice: identify which on-the-job and off-the-job training methods would be best for the job of Server

On-the-Job Training Methods

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

On-The-Job Training
Trainee receives instruction and training at work station from a supervisor or experienced coworker Most common approach to training Especially useful for small businesses Most misused: Often not well planned or structured People assigned to train have no training to be trainer Potential transfer of undesirable habits/attitudes Structured approach most effective
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On-the-Job Training Methods

Job Instruction Training Performance Aids Job Rotation Apprenticeship Coaching Mentoring

Job Instruction Training

Formalized, structured, and systematic approach to OJT Incorporates the principles of behaviour modelling
Four steps: Preparation Instruction Performance Follow up
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Job Instruction Training

When and How Tips
Should not be managed differently from other types of training Should be integrated with other training methods Ownership must be maintained Trainers must be properly chosen and trained SME may need train-the-trainer program

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

Performance Aids
A device that helps an employee perform his/her job (while on the job) Signs/prompts Trouble shooting aids Special tool or gauge Flash cards Posters or checklists

Performance Aids
When and How Tips
Maximize visual performance aid with concepts from graphic artists craft Ease of reading, colour, boldness, graphic language Consider how performance aids might save time and money Maximize use of technology (electronic performance support systems)

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

Job Rotation
Trainees are exposed to many jobs, functions and areas within an organization Often used as an ongoing career-development program
Objective is to learn a variety of skills required for current and future jobs or colleagues jobs as done in cross training

Job Rotation
Benefits Improved knowledge and skills More opportunities for career advancement Higher job satisfaction and salary

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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Job Rotation
When and How Tips
Structure so that trainees receive sufficient exposure and experience on each assignment to make it worthwhile Tailor assignments to each individuals training needs Job rotation should be only one component of a training program and learning process and supplemented with classroom instruction, coaching or mentoring
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Apprenticeship Programs
Training for skilled trades that combines OJT and classroom instruction
Origins in Medieval times On-the-job component (80%) teaches skills Classroom component (20%) teaches theory done in community colleges or labour halls Apprenticeship system covers over 65 regulated occupations in four occupational sectors
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Apprenticeship Programs
Construction Motive Power Carpenter Motor Vehicle Mechanic Aircraft Mechanic Industrial Mechanic Service Chef

Apprenticeship Programs
Apprentice receives supervised training by a journeyperson; must pass a provincial exam to become qualified Apprenticeship period lasts between 1 and 5 years depending on trade Apprenticeships are focused on collective training needs of specific occupations within broad industrial categories

Plumber

Millwright

Baker

Stone Mason Machinist

Tool & Die

Hairstylist

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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Apprenticeship Programs
Federal
Facilitates interprovincial mobility Pays tuition for inschool training Provides income support during inschool period Provides tax credits to employers and apprentices

Apprenticeship Programs
When and How Tips
Lead times of four to six years are needed to replace turnover of fully proficient tradespersons Ongoing organizational support is necessary for program success

Provincial/ Territorial
Regulates & administers programs Pays for school programs Promotes programs and develops curriculum Provides tax credits to employers and apprentices

Industry
Sponsors apprentices Pays for OJT period Provides and pays costs of on-the-job training

Labour
Promotes programs Develops curriculum

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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Coaching

Coaching
Key elements in coaching process
Planned opportunities in work environment Agreed upon set of objectives Focus on strengths; weaknesses only if inhibiting performance Steps: 1. Initial discussion, setting objectives 2. Opportunities identified, long-term plan set 3. Employee performs tasks, reports to coach Process fitted into employees goals and organizations long-term strategies

One-on-one individualized learning experience in which a more experienced and knowledgeable person is formally called upon to help another person develop their insights and techniques pertinent to the accomplishments of their job
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2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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Coaching
Effective in enhancing interpersonal skills, communication skills, leadership skills, and selfmanagement skills Individual: Improves working relationships, job attitudes, increases rate of advancement and salary increases Organization: Increases in productivity, quality, customer service, retention; decreases in customer complaints, costs
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Coaching
When and How Tips
Build trust and understanding Ongoing dialogue and feedback Coach must be able to relate to employee Coaching should be part of broader process Effectiveness should be evaluated
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Mentoring
Method in which a senior member of an organization takes a personal interest in the career of a junior member Mentor: provides coaching and counseling to a junior employee (the protg) Formalized mentoring programs are emerging in organizations Focus is narrower than coaching: career development of junior employees Participation is generally voluntary
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Mentoring
Two roles of a Mentor:
Career support Coaching, sponsorship, exposure, visibility, protection, and provision of challenging assignments Psychosocial support Friendship, listening, counselling, feedback, role model for success
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2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

Mentoring
Benefits
Accelerate career progress of underrepresented groups Transmit culture and values to newer managers Pass on accumulated wisdom of seasoned leaders

Mentoring
When and How Tips
Ensure clarity of roles and expectations Choose mentors carefully Match mentors and protg(s) with care Train both mentors and protg(s) Structure the mentoring relationship Ensure support from management Include benefits for mentors

2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.

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