El pasado simple del verbo to be Simple Past: Verb To be El Pasado de ser/estar

Vamos a estudiar por primera vez el pasado (pretrito indefinido en espaol) con el verbo to be (ser / estar) Es muy parecido al presente

The Simple Past Tense (with the verb to be)

Similar to the Present simple tense, The simple past is divided in two main parts. The form with the to be and with other verbs Quiero que quede claro que esta regla que vamos a aprender a continuacin es solo para las conjugaciones del verbo ser y estar. Si utilizan otros verbos llevar otra forma. Es muy similar al Present Tense Si recuerdan bien, con los verbos to be la regla era distinta que con los demas verbos. Por favor si esto no esta claro ( VER FORMAS DELPRESENT TENSE DEL VERBO TO BE) Lets remember the Simple Present Tense with the verb to be (ESTE ES TIEMPO PRESENTE DE VERBO TO BE,SUS FORMAS FIG. 1) FIGURA 1

In present tense we used: Am / Is / Are

AHORA VAMOS A USAR EL PASADO, SOLAMENTE USAMOS 2 CONJUGACIONES NOW IN PAST TENSE WE USE ONLY 2 CONJUGATIONS! >>> WAS & WERE I/He / she / it was (Positive) Wasnt (Negative) we / you / They were (Positive) Werent (Negative)

Short Answers
Look at the next table. This is how we answer yes/no questions

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Lets Practice

Notas del profesor: Como vemos, el Simple Past Tense con los verbos to be es casi igual al Simple Present tense son el verbo to be. La diferencia es que en vez de usar las conjugaciones AM/IS/ARE vamos a utilizar WAS/WERE. FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice (LONGMAN)

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Syntax (POSITIVE FORM):

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + VERB (PAST FORM) + Complement
ESTO QUIERE DECIR QUE PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS HAY UNA SOLO CONJUGACION . Lo nico que hay que aprender es a formar esta conjugacin. Esto depende si es REGULAR o IRREGULAR verb. The verb in the past simple form can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR Regular Verbs: Verbos Regulares Para formar el regular de los verbos regulares en ingles necesitamos agregar ed al infinitivo. For example: to watch -> watched | to talk -> talked | to wash -> washed (ver sig esquema)

REGLAS DE DELETREO REGLAS DE DELETREO

PRACTICE (Regular verb spelling)

Regular Verbs Simple Past / Past Participle Spelling Rules

The simple past tense is formed by adding -ed to the end of the verb. However there are several rules depending on the spelling of the verb, these are:If the base of the verb ends in:

-e only add -d (raid - raided) a consonant plus -y the y is turned into -ied (study - studied / try - tried) -c add -ked (panic - panicked)

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a single vowel plus a consonant and is stressed on its final syllable the consonant is usually doubled and -ed added (plan - planned) -p, g or -m the consonant is usually doubled and -ed added (ram - rammed / tap tapped / gag - gagged) -l the consonant is usually doubled (travel - travelled)

Regular Verbs
Base Form Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous Past Simple Past Progressive/Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous Future Simple Future Progressive/Continuous Future Perfect Simple To walk I walk every day. I am walking. (now) I have walked twice so far today. I have been walking for 2 hours. I walked yesterday. I was walking yesterday when I saw a bear. I had walked for five miles by the time I got home. I had been walking for 2 hours when I saw the bear. I will go for a walk tomorrow. I am walking tomorrow. I will have already gone for a walk by the time I meet my friends. I will have been walking for 2 hours by the time I meet my friends.

Future Perfect Progressive

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The Past Simple Tense

Talking about finished actions, facts, and habits in the past

2. Usages Read through the table and try to understand the connection between the usages and the slogan. Read through the table and try to understand the connection between the usages and the slogan.

Read through the table and try to understand the connection between the usages and the slogan.
Use Examples Explanation

1. completed past action

I bought a new car yesterday. Columbus reached Americ a in 1492. William Shakespeare wrote many plays.

These are short actions or events performed and completed in the past. We either know exactly when they happened or infer this from context. The fact that both Columbus and Shakespeare are dead (in the certain past), calls for using the Past Simple, with or without stating the time of the action.

2. discontinue d past fact 3. finished past state

As children, we were quite messy. The data showed an increase in sales last month. Michelle lived in Paris for 5 years. She worked in Versailles during her first marriage. At first, she believed that her career was more important than family life.

These facts were true in the past but are not true now. The period when these facts were true in is both finished and defined (childhoo d, last month). Paris was her permanent place of residence for 5 years. This period in her life is over. She does not live there now. She worked in Versailles only during the years of her first marriage. When she got divorced, she stopped working there. Also for expressing beliefs and opinions in the past that are not true

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Use

Examples

Explanation

4. terminated past habit

Before the accident, she playedtennis twice a week. He drove a Ferrari for 20 years.

now. She does not believe that anymore. They did these actions regularly, as habits, only in the past. They do not practice these habits anymore.

Watch out ! If the action occurred in the past, but is still true ( I have been

teaching grammar for 10 years.) or happened at an undefined time in the past ( I have seen some good French movies recently.), you need the
Present Perfect tenses. Stative verbs (appear, realize, love, sound) are more commonly used with simple tenses rather than with progressive tenses.

Advanced Usage of the Past Simple:

Use Examples Explanation

5. sequence of past activities

6. habits in the past with used to

I went out dancing until very late, slept for 4 hours, woke up and took a shower. On my way to work, I met the guy from yesterdays party and As children, our mother used to read us bedtime stories. I used to eat butter a lot, but now I dont touch it. I didn't use to drink coffee, though.

Short actions that happened one right after the other, as in storytelling and reporting. Actions or habits repeated in the past that are no longer practiced.

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3. Form

As its name suggests, the Past Simple form is a simple one-word verb, composed of the Past Simple or V2 (preterit) form for all persons. Unlike other languages, there are no inflectional verb endings for the different persons in English past tenses. However, since English verbs include a large group of commonly used irregular verbs, which have a variety of unique Past Simple forms, you have to invest time and effort in learning these irregular verbs. A regular verb in the Past Simple has an ed ending for all persons. play-play ed, work-work ed, stay-stay ed, listen-listen ed An irregular verb in the Past Simple changes its form, usually with a vowel change. Irregular verbs can be grouped according to certain change patterns, which helps to memorize them. speak-spoke, eat-ate, see-saw, fly-flew, think-thought Subject subject subject Dan Main verb V2 regular verb in Paris for 2 years. home early yesterday. V2 irregular verb went Rest of sentence

Michelle lived

*Remember: V1=base form, V2=Past Simple, V3=Past Participle, Ving=Present Participle One verb in English has special forms in the Past Simple: to be I was you, we, they were he, she, it was My mother was a teacher for 30 years, and my grandparents were both college professors.

4. Common Time Expressions The Past Simple is used with time expressions (in blue) informing about when things exactly happened.

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Subject I You Dan / He Sheila / She We You

Verb went traveled swam stayed studied worked

Place there abroad at the pool with us here

Time yesterday. last month / year. last week. a month ago. between 1993 and 2002. when I was a child.

at the library on Sunday.

My parents / They got divorced in London

5. Negative Sentences and Question Types in the Past Simple

Negative Statements:

Subject I, you, we, they

Auxiliary verb+not Main verb Rest of sentence did not / didn't work yesterday.

Watch out ! Note that in negative past sentences, the main verb is in its base form and not in the V2 Past Simple form, as the past ending is attached to the auxiliary verb do, resulting in did. The 3 Question Types: 1. Yes/No Questions: Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb Rest of sentence Did you work yesterday ?

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2. Wh Questions: Wh question Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb Rest of sentence word When Where did did you you work work ? ?

3. Wh-Subject Questions: Wh subject Main verb Rest of sentence question Who What Watch out ! Note that in Wh-subject-questions, there is no need for an auxiliary verb. In Wh subject-questions in the Past Simple, the verb is always in the V2 Past Simple form. worked made here ? all that noise ?

6. Summary

This has been a review about the usage and formation of the Past Simple tense in English grammar. It is highly used to refer to actions accomplished and finished in defined periods in the past that are over. Reviewing the rules is not enough to make you use it properly. The more you pick it up in your reading, and more importantly, use it in your writing, the better you will use it.

________________________________________________________________

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Spelling Rules for the Verb Tenses Forming the main verb in some English verb tenses involves adding endings. Whenever a new element is added to a word, there may be spelling changes occurring as a result of phonological interaction between the words final letters and the endings first letter. To know more, read these sections of our review on spelling rules for the English verb tenses. 1. Spelling rules for the Present Simple 2. Spelling rules for the Past Simple 3. Spelling rules for the Progressive tenses (forming the Present Participle) 4. Special Cases Make sure you apply these grammar rules, as these are basic spelling issues. In order to know how to use each of these tenses correctly, please click on each tense above to read the related full article.

1. Spelling rules for the Present Simple

Spelling rules for adding s in the third person singular

When adding the s ending to a verb in the third person singular in English, there may be some spelling changes: Add es to a verb which ends in a whistling sound ( s,sh,ch,x,z,o) I wash Suzy washes her car once a week. I do Suzy does the dishes every Wednesday. In verbs that end with y preceded by a consonant, drop the y, replace it with i and add es. However, If the y is preceded by a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) just add s. You study Dan studies English twice a week. but: We play Sharon plays football 3 times a week.

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2. Spelling rules for the Past Simple

Spelling rules for adding ed to regular past verbs

When adding the ed ending to a regular verb in the Past Simple in English, there may be some spelling changes: Add only d to a verb which ends in e. change Suzy changed her hairstyle last week. create Bach created an abundance of musical pieces. In verbs that end with y preceded by a consonant, drop the y, replace it with i and add ed. However, If the y is preceded by a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) just add ed. study Dan studied a lot for this test. but: play Sharon played football for 3 hours on the weekend. The doubling rule: When a verb ends with a letter sequence of consonant-vowel-consonant, double the final consonant. -If the verb is longer than one syllable, double only if the stress falls on the last syllable. -The letters h,w,x,y are never doubled ( fix-fixed). stop (t=consonant, o=vowel, p=consonant): We sto pped at the store to get some gasoline. prefer (f=consonant, e=vowel, r=consonant, stress falls on last syllable /fer/ -- double!) : My friends prefe rr ed that we stay at home and not go out. but: visit (s=consonant, i=vowel, t=consonant, stress does not fall on last syllable /sit/ -- don't double!) : Donna visited her grandparents in New Jersey two weeks ago.

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3. Spelling rules for the Progressive tenses Forming the Present Participle

All the progressive verb tense forms are created with the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle form of the verb. Make sure you spell this form correctly according to the following rules: Spelling rules for adding ing to a verb

When adding the ing ending to a verb in order to form the present participle in English, there may be some spelling changes: When a verb ends with e, drop the e before adding ing. make Susan is making a special dinner this evening. [ is making is in the Present Progressive tense] write The professor was writing his new book when he was asked to start working on a different project. [ was writing is in the Past Progressive tense] In verbs that end with y add ing with no change ! study Dan will be studying for the test tomorrow afternoon. [ will be studying is in the future progressive tense] When a verbs ends in ie, drop the ie, replace it with y, and add ing. die dying, lie lying, tie tying, vie vying Susan was tying her shoe laces while she was lying on her bed. [ was tying, was lying are in the Past Progressive tense] The reality show contestants will be vying for the first prize. [ will be vying is in the future progressive tense] The doubling rule: When a verb ends with a letter sequence of consonant-vowelconsonant, double the final consonant. -If the verb is longer than one syllable, double only if the stress falls on the last

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syllable. -The letters h,w,x,y are never doubled ( fix-fixing). beg (b=consonant, e=vowel, g=consonant, stress falls on the last and only syllable /beg/ -- double!) : Please believe me, I am be gging you ! [ am begging is in the Present Progressive tense] but: visit (s=consonant, i=vowel, t=consonant, stress does not fall on last syllable /sit/ -don't double!) : Donna is visiting her grandparents this evening.

4. Special Cases:

The following special cases are relevant when adding either ed or ing, as explained below. We present here the more common irregularities, as others are very rare in usage. Whenever unsure about the spelling of a specific verb form in question, you can rely on the WhiteSmoke dictionary for a professional spelling check. The letter l is doubled in British English even if the final syllable is not stressed. Rodney was traveling in the Swiss Alps, when he got news of his newborn son. [American English] Rodney was trave lling in the Swiss Alps, when he got news of his newborn son. [British English] Double the p in the verb equip, as the u represents a consonant sound /w/. My company is equi pping us with new computers. Double the z in the verb quiz. My teacher qui zzed us on the irregular verbs in English. Add a k after the final c in verbs such as to panic, to traffic, to frolic, and to picnic in order to retain the original /k/ sound of the letter c. After he heard about the traffic king of drugs, he completely panic ked. Keep the final e in certain verbs ending with ge, in order to retain the /j/ sound of the verb. For example, to singe, to binge, to impinge. Ron was bin geing all night long, sin geing his mustache by mistake after trying to roast some marshmallows on the stove.

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Grammar Exercises
Grammar rules provide us with the correct manner in which we can put words together to create a correct sentence. Knowing how to express yourself well, using a variety of language structures indicates a higher level of English, in both writing and speaking. The grammar tells us how we talk about the present, past, and future; how to string words and phrases correctly in longer sentences; how to write noun plurals and comparisons accurately; how to describe hypothetical assumptions and much more. However, remember that without enlarging your vocabulary, you will not able to get very far with grammar rules alone.

10 Tips on How to Approach Grammar Exercises

1. Make sure you use as many kinds of grammar exercises in textbooks and websites so you get to target as many grammar skills as possible. 2. Always read the instructions well and make sure you know which language structures or grammar rules you are supposed to use in each exercise. 3. In sentence fill-ins, always read the whole sentence up to its end, understand the context, and only then address the grammar point at hand. 4. In longer cloze passages (paragraphs with missing words to complete), read at least 5 lines without completing anything in order to get clues from the context. These clues will help you with the grammar completions. 5. Do not over-drill simple one sentence grammar exercises. Try to get context-based full-text exercises that include your target language structure. These should be real-life texts, such as a letter to a friend or a paragraph detailing DVD instructions. 6. Try and actively use every new structure you learn in free speech and in writing. Make a checklist of structures you want to master in order to make sure you include them in your English writing. 7. Some language students get too obsessed with grammar and neglect vocabulary, reading, and writing activities. You must realize that grammar without vocabulary is like a necklace without colorful beads boring 8. Make sure you constantly review and recycle previously learned grammar structures with the new ones you learn. Practice with exercises in a rising level of difficulty as even simple grammar rules can be implemented in more advanced and complicated contexts. 9. Get hold of, or better yet, create your own grammar tables for reviewing. Have these tables in easy access when doing new grammar exercises. 10. Another good grammar exercise is to identify grammar structures in your reading and trying to explain why the author has chosen them over other structures. (fuente de consulta de la siguiente pagina) https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/grammar-exercises

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English Verbs (Part 1) - Basic Terms

This article reviews some basic terms relating to English verbs. Being familiar with these terms will help you understand language points as they appear in the course of your English studies. 1. A verb is a word that expresses an action ( to run), occurrence ( to

happen), or state of being ( to appear). It is one of the nineparts of

speech in English grammar. Non-action verbs are also referred to as linking or stative verbs, such as to be, to seem, to sound. Verbs comprise the third largest group of words in English (about 10%) and appear in any sentence as a major mandatory element tying the subject and predicate together. Verbs indicate time (past, present, future) and are used in English in relatively many verb tenses. The verb can be thought of as the center, heart, or anchor of an English sentence.

Verbs of... action occurrence

Examples Maria dances at the studio and performs every Sunday. occurrence Maria became a professional dancer.

state of being Maria's studio has stood there ever since she was a child.

2. Tests for verbs: A good way to identify a verb when a word is in doubt is to ask, Can I do it? I can succeed (do it) is correct but I can success is incorrect. This means succeed is a verb and the related part of speech success is not a verb; in this case,success is a noun. Another test for verbs is to use the word in question in a different verb tense. If the sentence still makes sense, the word is a verb. Original: Thats the updated version of the software. Test: Thats the will update version of the software. [the word updated here is not a verb because using it in the future simple tense in the second sentence does not result in a logical sentence; It is an adjective describing the noun version]

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3. Verbs can also be recognized by some common verb suffixes and prefixes. Suffix or Prefix Meaning -ate -fy or -ify -ize (British -ise) -en beento cause, make to transform into to make like to make/turn into forms transitive verbs that mean "cause" to bring into the condition of Examples to activate, to differentiate to signify, to clarify to realize, to criticize to redden, to soften to befriend, to beseech to encode, to engender

4. Verbs in English indicate the following grammatical categories: Categories Type person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person singular plural present past future simple, progressive, perfect, perfect-progressive indicative imperative subjunctive active passive Examples I go You go She goes He has written They have written I eat I ate I will eat I study every day. I am studying today. I have studied for years. I have been studying for hours. I am always on time. Be there on time ! If I were on time, I would Germans consume a lot of beer. A lot of beer is consumed in Germany.

Number Tense

Aspect

Mood

Voice

As there are relatively many English verb tenses, verbs in English come in many forms that provide different shades of meaning. However, English verbs comprise a much easier verb system than that of other languages that have distinct inflectional verb endings for different persons and number, or even change the verb stem with various tenses and aspects. In English only one verb ending remained, for verbs in the third person singular in the Present Simple tense. Dan cooks dinner for us 3 times a week. [3rd person, singular, present, simple, indicative, active, meaning: habit in the present]

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Yesterday we were cooking for hours on end. [1st person, plural, past, progressive, indicative, active, meaning: action in the past that continued over an extended period of time] She would have cooked if you had asked her to. (but in reality you didnt ask so she didnt cook) [ would have cooked: 3rd person, singular, past, conditional, active, meaning: hypothetic outcome in the past, contrary to fact] [ had asked: 2nd person, singular, past, perfect, subjunctive, active, meaning: hypothetic assumption in the past, contrary to fact] I suggest that dinner be cooked no later than 20:00. [3rd person, singular, present, subjunctive, passive, meaning: strong recommendation which will not necessarily be fulfilled]
5. English verbs have 5 principal parts with which other forms are derived using verb auxiliaries: base/stem, simple past/preterit, past participle, present participle and the infinitive (the name of the verb). Some also include the third person singular in the present tense as a principle part, as it is the only verb form that kept its inflectional ending in Modern English.

Grammatical term Infinitive Base Form / Stem Present Simple third person singular Past Simple / Preterit Past Participle Present Participle

Symbol to + V1 V1

Regular Verb to watch watch

Irregular Verb to see see

V1+s V2

watches watched

sees saw

V3 Ving

watched watching

seen seeing*

*Note: esta ultima fila no la pude copier pero es parte del esquema . Fuente de consulta de la pgina web

https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/english-verbs--part-1----basic-terms

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English Adjectives - Basic Terms

1. An adjective is a word that modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun. Adjectives make up a very large group of words in theEnglish vocabulary (about 23%). Adjectives tell about the qualities and features of people, things, or concepts ( small, brave, elegant, intelligent) and can be viewed as an added intensifier or decoration" to the basic sentence elements, adding variety and descriptive value. Adjectives can also be expanded into adjective clauses, which function similarly. In the following examples, the adjectives are underlined, and the nouns or pronouns they modify are in bold. They were happy when their children got good grades in their report card. [the adjective happy modifies the pronoun they, the adjective good modifies the noun report card] 2. A test for adjectives A good way to make sure a word is an adjective is to ask about the modified noun: What kind of (noun) is it? "He is a respected

teacher" is correct, as respected answers the question: What kind of teacher is

he? " He is a respectfully businessman" is incorrect as respectfully answers "How" and not "What kind of". This means respected is an adjective and respectfully is a different part of speech, in this case, an adverb. 3. Verbs can also be recognized by some common adjective suffixes. Suffix Meaning Examples manageable, responsible adventurous, joyous hopeful, plentiful hopeless, homeless childish, yellowish noteworthy, trustworthy creative, imaginative economic, dramatic astronomical, biological

ible/ able can, able to do it ous ful less ish like worthy ive ic ical having the quality of full of without in the manner of deserving of having the quality of having the quality of having the quality of

similar to in nature or appearance childlike, apelike

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Suffix ant/ ent al y an en

Meaning having the quality of having the quality of having the quality of having the quality of having the quality of

Examples relevant, patient general, theoretical lucky, whimsy urban, Caribbean rotten, swollen

Note: Adjectives also use a large variety of prefixes denoting many different meanings. Watch out! 4. The two adjective suffixes ed and ing may be confusing, as pastand present participles can also be used as adjectives, not only as verbs. These often come in pairs, with the ing-adjective conveying an active, proactive meaning ( amazing, annoying) and the ed-adjective conveying a passive, receiver meaning ( amazed, annoyed). Many customers were disappointed by the new product. [ disappointed is a passive adjective as the customers were influenced to be disappointed] The disappointing new product went off the shelves [ disappointing is an active adjective as the product influenced the stores to stop selling it] 5. English adjectives neither indicate number nor gender, having one invariable form that does not add s for plurals as with nouns ( big modifies boy, girl,

boys, and girls). English adjectives may change form when the qualities of
modified elements are compared for similarity, difference or intensity, using the comparative and superlative adjectives forms. Their new apartment is as big as the old apartment. [ as big as used to indicate similarity] Their new apartment is bigger than the old apartment. [ bigger than is used to indicate a difference between 2 apartments] Their new apartment is the biggest in the building.

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[ the biggest is used to indicate difference between one apartment and all the the others] 6. Compound adjectives are composed of two or more words that act as adjectives. There are a few rules that determine whether they should be used with a hyphen or not. The new Paris hotel has air-conditioned rooms. Tourists often buy tax-free products at airports. Martin Luther King was an important civil rights leader. 7. Adjectives can also be divided according to the following categories:

Adjective Type Number adjectives

Purpose placement order

Examples second, thirty-forth which, whose, what more, all, some, half, more, every, each red, large, stinking my, his, their, your this, that, those, these

pointing out quantity and one, two, thirty-four, first,

Interrogative adjectives asking questions Quantity & Distribution describing quantity adjectives Quality adjectives Possessive adjectives Demonstrative adjectives relates to color, size, smell etc. showing what belongs to whom pointing at specific nouns

Note: Quality-, possessive-, and demonstrative adjectives are nowadays treated as noun determiners but still also as adjectives by more traditional grammars. 8. Adjectives in English are attributive when they appear as part of the noun phrase. Attributive adjectives in English appearbefore the noun (whereas in other languages, these may follow the noun). Predicative adjectives appear outside the noun phrase and are linked to it with a linking verb. They moved into their renovated, new apartment in the last week of May. [ renovated, new=attributive adjectives modifying apartment, last=attributive adjective modifying week]

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He was happy because his wife looked beautiful. [ happy=predicative adjective modifying he; beautiful=predicative adjective modifying wife; was, looked=linking verbs] 9. When more than one adjective is used to describe a noun, you should place the adjectives according to a certain order. The more factual the adjective is (color, purpose) the closer it is to the noun than an adjective describing an opinion ( nice, beautiful). Use the following table to help you. Tip
: Do not normally use more than three adjectives before a noun, with one or two being a more

preferred choice.

determi ner

sequen ce

quanti ty

opini on

siz e

age, temperat ure

sha pe

colo r

origi n

mater ial

purpo se

noun

the some*

last

few

tasty ugly

tiny warm larg old e

oval

yello Fren w gree n ch

sugar metal

breakf ast g

cooki es

drinkin cups

Note en el esquema anterior indica cuantos adjetivos se pueden usar* (filos note)

10. The words so, such, too, and enough are commonly used with adjectives for emphasis. Read the examples below to learn about their added meaning. The formulas in bold show you how to use them in a sentence. So and such emphasize result and consequence in the sentence. The lunch mom made was so delicious that we finished all the food in minutes. [ so+adjective emphasizes the adjective delicious and mentions the consequence] It was such a delicious lunch that we finished all the food in minutes. [ such+adjective+noun emphasizes the adjective delicious and mentions the consequence] Too and enough relate to quantity. The steaks were too big for us to finish. [ too+adjective shows that something is in excess]

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The salad was big enough for ten people. [ adjective+enough shows that something is sufficient] 11. Some adjectives relating to nationality or the human condition can be used with the to refer to a whole group of people. They have a plural meaning (without s) and take a plural verb. The French are renowned for their fine taste and developed sense of style. The municipality has recently undertaken a new initiative to aid the homeless.

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