International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 6340(Print), ISSN

N 0976 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013) IAEME AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)

ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), pp. 75-78 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.7731 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM USING FEM PACKAGE

JN Mahto1, SC Roy2, J Kushwaha3, RS Prasad4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Sindri Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIET, Ghaziabad 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, RKGIT, Ghaziabad
3 1,2

ABSTRACT In the present investigation, efforts have been made to characterize behaviour of beam under longitudinal stress. Specimens were modelled and analysed with the extensive use of FEM package (Autodesk Inventor). Analysis was done by setting maximum load value as 1100 N. The value of displacement and stress computed for the cantilever beam through FEM package were tabulated and graphs were drawn to observe pattern. Dimensions of specimen were initially selected as length 500mm, width as 50mm and thickness as 12mm. By keeping length of specimen fixed the thickness of specimen, width of specimen and force applied to the specimen were varied to observe its effect on the behaviour of the beam. Aluminum, Copper and Steel were selected as three different materials for analysis. Keywords: Displacement Analysis; FEM Package; Structural Analysis; Mode-I Vibration. 1. INTRODUCTION It is very important if it is known that how a beam under a load will behave when its cross section varies in a particular fashion. Also it is important to know the effect of change in the load applied to a beam. In the earlier work done it was found that cantilever beam when subjected to a cyclic transverse load frequency for the mode of vibration decreases as the poisons ratio of the material increases. Modal parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes, were key information in determining the dynamic performance of the structure. Also, it was found that stress, strain energy, displacement gets affected if property of material
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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013) IAEME

changes. However, the accuracy of these quantities depends on the accuracy of the modal parameters used in the analysis. For this reason the present investigation was made so that the behavior of beam under longitudinal load can be observed. FEM packages are adequately available to simulate and analyze. The data obtained can be further analyzed in order to know behavior of structure. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Frequency response of the vibration is very sensitive to the inhomogenity present in the structure and can be used to determine location of crack and crack growth rate in a structure under vibration [1,2]. Frequency response of a material is not only utilized to know about construction materials, but it has also been utilized to develop sensors. A cantilever sensor can be operated in two different modes: the static mode, where the cantilever deflection is monitored, and the dynamic mode, where the cantilever resonance is monitored. The deflection of a cantilever can be due to number of processes such as molecular adsorption, thermal effects, electric and magnetic fields, and fluid flow. Cantilevers shorter than 10 m in length with sub-attogram sensitivity were demonstrated in 2004 [3,4,5], enabling the detection of single virus particles of femtogram mass [6]. 3. FEM ANALYSIS Three materials are selected as steel, copper, aluminium because of their different value of Youngs Modulus (E). The value of Youngs Modulus of the three materials are, ESteel=210e09, ECu=117.2e09, EAl=68.95e09. Density () and poisons ratio () of the materials were taken as Steel=7800 kg/m3, Cu=8960 kg/m3, Al=2700 kg/m3 and Steel=0.3, Cu=0.36, Al=0.33. For the analysis of aluminium bar as a cantilever beam, a rectangular bar with dimensions 500m*50mm*12mm was modelled and material of model was defined as aluminium by taking value of Youngs Modulus of Elasticity as 68.95e09 N/m2, density as 2700 kg/m3 and poisons ratio of aluminium as 0.33. The size of elements taken was 0.011, number of elements as 225 and number of nodes as 552. The maximum force value selected was 1100N for which the maximum displacement was observed in each case. In case of aluminium, total mass of model calculated as 0.81 kg. At the force 1000N, width 50mm and thickness 12mm the displacement value under longitudinal load was 4.75e-04inch. In case of the analysis of the rectangular bar of copper, value of Youngs Modulus of Elasticity was 117.2e09 N/m2, density as 8960 kg/m3 and poisons ratio as 0.36. Through analysis the total mass of model was calculated as 2.688 kg. At the force 1000N, width 50mm and thickness 12mm the displacement value under longitudinal load was 2.79e-04inch. For the analysis of the rectangular bar of steel, value of Youngs Modulus of Elasticity was taken as 210e09 N/m2, density as 7800 kg/m3 and poisons ratio of steel as 0.3. Total mass of model was observed as 2.34 kg. At the force 1000N, width 50mm and thickness 12mm the displacement value under longitudinal load was 1.56e-04inch.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013) IAEME

Fig. 1. Variation in the displacement value with the change in material

Fig. 2. Variation in the displacement value with the change in material 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The value for maximum displacement of cantilever beam along its length when subjected to the longitudinal load for the three materials were computed using FEM package. The graphs were drawn with the data obtained using FEM package for displacement is as shown in Fig. 1. The effect of material change on the stress value of beam is as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 3. Frequency Value of Materials at Mode-I

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013) IAEME

5. CONCLUSIONS From Fig. 1 it was observed that displacement value of a rectangular bar under cantilever beam condition increases when poisons ratio varies from 0.3 to 0.33and then decreases when poisons ratio varies from 0.33 to 0.36. From Fig. 2 it can also be observed that as the poisons value increases the value of stress increases when subjected to longitudinal load. But, from Fig. 3 it can be observed that value of poisons ratio varies from 0.3 for steel to 0.36 for copper where as the value of frequency at mode-I of vibration varies from 4.1943 Hz for steel to 2.8583 Hz for copper [7]. REFERENCES [1] Prasad RS, Roy SC, Tyagi KP, Analysis and Comparison of Pattern of Crack Growth Rate along Vibrating Cantilever Beam using FEM Package, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 5(12), pp 2091-2095, 2010. [2] Prasad RS, Roy SC, Tyagi KP, Effect of Crack Position along Vibrating Cantilever Beam on Crack Growth Rate, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. Vol. 2(5), pp 837-839, 2010. [3] Ilic B, Craighead HG, Krylov S, Senaratne W, Ober C, Neuzil P, Attogram Detection using Nano-electromechanical Oscillators, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 95(7), pp 3694-3703, 2004. [4] Yang JL, Ono T, Esashi M, Energy Dissipation in Submicrometer Thick Single-crystal Silicon Cantilevers. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 11(6), pp 775-783, 2002. [5] Burg TP, Manalis SR, Suspended Microchannel Resonators for Biomolecular Detection. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83(13), pp 2698-2700, 2003. [6] Gupta A, Akin D, Bashir R, Single Virus Particle Mass Detection using Microresonators with Nanoscale Thickness. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84(11), pp 1976-1978, 2004. [7] Mahto JN, Roy SC, Prasad RS, Material of Structure affecting the Frequency Analysis using FEM Package, International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Vol. 1(4), 2012, pp 76-78. [8] K. Srinivasulu Reddy, Canister Testing Chamber Design & Analysis using Fem, International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology (IJDMT), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 68 - 73, ISSN Print: 0976 6995, ISSN Online: 0976 7002. [9] Sharad V. Kshirsagar and Dr. Lalit B. Bhuyar, Signature Analysis of Cracked Cantilever Beam, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 1, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 105 - 117, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.

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