Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. Assets
1. Mumbai High Asset, Mumbai 2. Neelam & Heera Asset, Mumbai 3. Bassein & Satellite Asset, Mumbai 4. Ahmedabad Asset, Ahmedabad 5. Ankleshwar Asset, Ankleshwar 6. Mehsana Asset, Mehsana 7. Rajamundry Asset, Rajamundry 8. Karaikal Asset, Karaikal 9. Assam Asset, Nazira 10. Tripura Asset, Agartala
B. Basins
1. Western Offshore Basin, Mumbai 2. Western Onshore Basin, Baroda 3. KG-PG Basin, Chennai 4. Cauvery Basin, Chennai 5. Assam &Assam-Arakan Basin, Jorhat 6. MBABasin and CBM Development Project, Kolkata/Bokaro 7. Frontier Basin, Dehradun
C. Plants
1. Uran Plant, Uran 2. Hazira Plant, Hazira
D. Institutes
1. Keshava Deva Malaviya Institute of Petroleum Exploration (KDMIPE), Dehradun 2. Institute of Drilling Technology (IDT), Dehradun 3. Institute of Reservoir Studies (IRS), Ahmedabad 4. Institute of Oil & Gas Production Technology (IOGPT), Navi Mumbai 5. Institute of Engineering & Ocean Technology (IEOT), Navi Mumbai 6. Geo- data Processing & Interpretation Center (GEOPIC), Dehradun 7. ONGCAcademy, Dehradun 8. Institute of Petroleum Safety, Health & Environment Management (IPSHEM), Goa. 9. Institute of Biotechnology & Geotectonics Studies (INBIGS), Jorhat 10. School of Maintenance Practices (SMP), Vadodara 11. Centre for Excellence in Well Logging (CEWL), Vadodara 12. Regional Training Institutes (RTIs), Navi Mumbai, Chennai, Sivasagar & Vadodara.
QHSE
QHSE stands for Quality Health Safety and Environment In the QHSE talk delivered to us, we were informed of the various certificates and standards that ONGC complies with: Q- Quality- IS0 9001:2000 H&S- Health & Safety- OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety assessment series) 18001:1999 E- Environment- EMS 14001:2004 QHSE is of paramount importance in every aspect of our lives. The health and safety of a companys employees is generally the top most priority before an assignment is taken up. More over Precautions and measures are taken to ensure the safety of the surroundings too i.e. environment. For safety of personnel at the site, every site has a clearly marked Assembly Point believed to be a safe point. In case of an impending hazard all personnel are required to gather at the AP were further instructions are issued. Most people have clearly defined roles as to how they will tackle a disaster. (Eg: In case of a fire it was designated that one person will check that the compressors are shut down while the other will rush to get the fire extinguisher.) The HSE setup at ONGC is three tired: 1. The Apex Body: ( Corporate HSE body at Delhi) 2. The Core Body: ( Regional HSE body at Baroda) 3. The Line HSE body: (Asset Office) The duties and functions of an HSE body at ONGC are as follows: a) Up gradation of DMP and contingency plan. b) Drafting a recommendation code of practice for safety. c) Coordinating and training of personnel for firefighting and first aid etc.
Main producing horizon Kalol ,Mehsana , Linch Sobhasan, Mandhali Kalol Kalol Mandhali , Linch
S/F wells: 233 A/L wells: 721 Gas wells: 16 Flowing: 11 Wells Abandoned: 269 Sick wells: 207
Mobile van(ignition trailer van) From Canada in 1989(petroleum company ) Normal pressure maintained at 95-97 kg/cm^2 TEB (tri ethyl borane) is lowered between (350-400)C TEB burns in oxygen atmosphere. For 1 m perforation heat generated : 3.1-3.2 heat calone Air and gas ratio =55: 1 After 6 months when well in wet phase Volume of air * 0.09 =vol of water injected Water cools the system
For 1 week = 6 days air injection + 1 day water injection For measuring the bottom hole temperature .thermocouple is used thermocouple starts from burner (heat shield) to the annulus a temperature panel displays the temperature of flame and other parts . A lubricator assembly provides for transport though insitu combustion has a good EOR technique ,it also has some disadvantages like:It is highly expensive Corrosion of tubing is also a problem It produces undesirable H2S
The tools involved in ignition trailer are:Gas flow meter Winch cylinder Compression unit Burner arrangement Casing and tubing pressure gauge
VISIT TO ETP 1) Effluent tank ( 1300m) receives effluent water from CTF at 100 c 2) Wash tank into which water from GGS and effluent tanks enters at 70 c 3) Then effluent water is sent to settling tank where oil is separated from water as oil come to the top surface. Oil is skimmed off the surface of water in settling tank. 4) In reaction dump, chemicals like alum, FeSO4, poly electrolyte were added to purity water, remove oil, bacteria. 5) From settling tank, water is sent to filler containing activated carbon filter. sludge from settling tank is put in sludge tank for drying . 6) Water after treatment is stored in a tank from where it is sent to the well site where water is used for injection deep inside earth.
CTF, Sobhasan
Crude oil from oil wells of Sobhasan comes to CTF. At CTF crude oil is separated from water present in it. Water is reduced to below (1- 1.5) %. Oil from this place is sent to storage tanks from where it is sent to Ahmedabad CTF.
SRP
It has a NRV-Non Return Value. It is lowered with pump barrel, the NRV being at lowest position of barrel. Plunger is put inside the pump barrel .Plunger is put inside the pump barrel to which sucker rods are connected. Tubing is connected to pump barrel. Sucker rod are , 7/8 ,1 diameter rod & 76m long. SRP is positive displacement pump. But it is not suitable for suspended solid. Progressive cavity pump spiral sucker rod.
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GAS LIFT
In this method high pressure compressed gas is injected through annulus. Two type of technique: a) Continuous lift b) Intermittent lift c) Gas lift values are attached to the production tubing ie between casing and annulus . values are SPM .( side pocket mandrel). The valve is NRV ( non retuning value) GLV DESIGN 1/8 4000-5000 scm 3/16 8000 scm
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to 2-3 folds from 6-15% to 39-45%. Incremental oil from these wells is 8000bbls/day Worth more than Rs.500 crores/year. Various Zones During Combustion 1. Burnt zone 2. Combustion Zone 3. Coking zone 4. Cracking and vaporizing zone 5. Condensing zone 6. Light Hydrocarbon zone 7. Combustion Gases Phases of Insitu 1. Inception Phase- Ignition of oil in vicinity of injector. 2. Dry Composition Phase- Sustaining injection by air injection 3. Wet combustion Phase- Cyclic injection of water To reduce temperature after 6day air injection and one day water injection. Insitu combustion technique in the heavy oil belt of Balol and Santhal oil fields of Mehsana asset has been successfully implemented.
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Mehsana CTF
It has oil coming from NK-CTF, Sobhasan CTF, Becharaji GGS. Oil from Mehsana CTF is displaced to Navagaon CTF and finally to Baroda Refinery. The Mehsana CTF has 6 pumps of 400kw each. 7 storage tanks of 10000m3 each. 2 bottom transfer tanks of 2000m3 each. Setting time is 24 hours. Water is separated only by settlement in Bottom transfer tank. It was often noted that oil from two tanks are mixed and finally water cut is reduced to less than 2%.
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Slips- Used for holding pipe Core barrel Insert TCR, Milling TCR Fishing Tools Impression block- Made of rubber used to get the shape of fish. Overshot, Junk Basket, wireline spear. Pipes: Colour Bands Premium- Two band of white colour 2 class- One yellow band. 3 class- orange band (not in use) Class 1 and premium are used in off-shore drilling.
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Visit to Rigs
Drilling services of Mehsana consists of 1. Drilling 2. Cementing 3. Mud Services
There are 7 Drilling Rigs in Mehsana. 6 mobile and one electrical (E760X1) manufactured by BHEL.
Different types of onshore rigs are there a) Conventional: used where roads can easily be constructed. It is cheapest rig. Greater rig up and rig down time is a disadvantage. b) Mobile: Used for shallow wells. It can drill up to 3000m. It is mounted on the truck. c) Dessert: used in desert where roads cant be made easily. Tyres are big and specially designed. d) Heli: used in difficult areas where it is transported by helicopters. Transportation cost is high. e) TBA: It means "Transported By Any means". It can be dismantled to smaller modules of 4000 to 5000 lbs and can be transported even by smaller trucks.
Offshore Rigs are classified as: a) Jack Up or Supported Jack up used in a shallow depth of 100m. b) Independent leg Jack Up. c) Mat Jack Up ONGC has 8 Jack Up rigs and 2 Drill Ships. d) Semi Submersible e) Drillship: having 8 anchors
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-Estimate pay zone-1200m Bent-1.25-1.5 degrees I.e. for every 100ft or 30m-bent is 8-9.5
Rig IR90X1 It is a mobile drilling Rig. It has less sophisticated feature as compared to electrical rig. It can drill maximum up to 2000m depth. During visit to the rig intermediate casing was being lowered.
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#Turbulent flow of cement is required. #New truck was bought from Canada for Rs.11 crores. The mixing and pumping facility was in the same unit. #Earlier Russian trucks had separate units for mixing and pumping. #Truck is sent to different fields according to the requirement. The truck is of large size and sophisticated and specialized parts. Visit to IR-II Santhal Cementing operation was carried out for conductor casing. The Canadian truck was operating at that time. The drilling BOP was kept aside and other BOP for cementing was in use. The work was Highly Risky due to the chances of pipe bursting due to very high pressure used in cementing. Pumping was stopped only when cement came out of the annulus.
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Bridge Plug: It is used to isolate zone just like packer. On rotating dye on the top opens. After that it is pulled and the $$ratchet$$ expands. Cement Retainer: It is used in case when cementation between casing and formation is poor. It improves Cementing. POP: Pump out Plug Fishing Tools: The fishing tools observed were similar to that of DTYS fishing section. RCJB: Reverse circulation junk basket. Maintenance of tools was also done here.
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Well Services
1) well completion and testing 2) work over services 3) down hole operations
ST-OWN THEWELL
WORK OVER
Work over has wide range of jobs. a) Water shut off-20% b) Zone transfer-10% c) SRP/Gas lift section-60% d) ED (effluent disposal) services-10% Workover Rigs are employed for work over jobs. Type of work over Rigs 1) Rotary Rigs: can perform rotation 2) Non Rotary Rigs: up and down movement only,(generally used for SRP) WATER SHUT OFF (WSO) When the water cut is increasing in the well, water shut off jobs are required.This include squeeze cementing and selective perforations. ZONE TRANSFER It is used to isolate the zone with bridge plug or cement plug depending on depth. EFFLUENT DISPOSAL (ED) WELLS According to pollution control board a minimum depth of 1000 meter is suitable for effluent disposal. At depth greater than 1000 Mt loose sand zone is perforated according to guidance of SS. Length of perforated zone is 10-25 Mt @36 spm(shot per meter).
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PMS (Preventive maintenance section) PMS does acid fracturing if perforations are blocked by junks. If it does not work, workover services are called. EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) Well should not contain any hydrocarbon. For this chemical washing is done. The tubing and hydraulic packer are lowered by work over rig. The kill mud (NaCl) in the annulus is corrosive in nature so often after removing packer it is replaced by dichromate solution. Then packer is released again and insitu operations are carried. WELL ABONDAMENT When casing is damaged and well is not producing, it has to be abandoned. For it we require Work Over rig. All the perforations are choked by squeeze cementing and cement plug is placed. The top of all the casing is cut up to some meter and well is completely seal off by plate and is buried in the soil.
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RDAG (Reservoir Data Accumulation Group) This requires gathering of sub-surface data of Mehsana oil fields. Reservoir Pressure Gauge (RPG) is used for this purpose. Parts of RPG or sub-surface pressure gauge: a) Mechanical Spring loaded clock b) Chart Holder C) Stylus d) Bourdons Tube e) Thermometer f) Metallic Chart Models of Sub Surface Pressure gauge: 90015 90100 90098 Function: The metallic chart is fixed in Place and a baseline is drawn by the stylus on the metallic chart Lubricator is separated from the well by closing Christmas tree valve. Sub Surface pressure gauge is lowered in the lubricator with a wireline attached to a winch. The winch is mounted on the truck. The tool is lowered first 150 m and kept stand by to get the pressure and the pressure at that place is engraved on the metallic chart. The tool is hold for 2 min and then again lowered 100m and kept at that position for 2 min.
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Metallic chart is drawn with step wise graph. After reaching the lowest depth the instrument is taken back and graph is studied. The deflection at each depth interval is measured and then corresponding pressure is measured and then the gradient at that point is calculated. During the visit the well was in flowing condition and shut in bottom hole pressure (SBHP) is measured. The metallic chart is read either electronically or manually with microscope. Pressure Gradient 0-0.1 - Gas 0.1-0.25 - Condensate 0.25-0.50 - High GOR Oil 0.50-0.80- Light Oil 0.80-0.96- Heavy Oil Greater than 0.96- water/brine/other heavy solids
Temperature of bottom hole is measured by inbuilt thermometer present in measured by inbuilt thermometer present in the sub surface pressure gauge. Temperature is measured while lowering the instrument.
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Echometer
This instrument is used in SRP wells where sub surface pressure gauge cannot be used to locate the level of liquid in the well. In this instrument signal is sent downwards and received after refection. The time taken for the process is noted and interpreted to find the pressure gradient at different depth of the well. It has three components: 1. Well analyzer 2. Gas cylinder 3. Gas gun VISIT TO FIELD 51-KAYAL (NANDASAN) Working of Echometer: Gas gun is charged with N2 using gas cylinder to a pressure of 500600 psi Annulus valve is opened and the gas pressure is released. The gas was accumulated in the annulus The gun was fixed in the annulus valve/flange. Gas gun has a sensor which is connected to the computer / well analyzer. Gun is shot and the reading is received by the analyzer.
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Different maps are: 1. Structural maps and section. 2. Isopath maps 3. Facies maps 4. Geochemical mapping 5. Geophysical mapping 6. Seismic mapping a. Magnetic mapping b. Gravity mapping c. Radioactivity mapping
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CASED HOLE LOGGING OPERATIONS:1) CBL-VDL-CCL-GR to find out the cement bond quality between casingcement formation 2) USIT- ultra sonic imaging tool to find out the cement bond between casing cement formation 3) GR-CCL- For depth correlation with respect to open hole logs 4) GR-TCL- For depth correlation with respect to open hole logs and it is done through tubing 5) CHFR Cased hole formation resistivity. It is useful where UHRL is not available due to well complications. PRODUCTION LOGGING OPERATIONS 1) To diagnose the well problems which includes mechanical and production problems 2) To get layer or interval wise production or injection rate 3) For reservoir monitoring 4) Spinner logs are used to obtain fluid lfow rates flow rates, Q=V X A
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