Basic research To help in decision making To describe, explain and predict To discover new knowledge

Applied research

Types of research

Importance of research

To provide solution to a problem INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH Adequate analysis for decision makers need

To seek the truth

Well planned research

Characteristics of good research

Ethical issues

Definition of research

Research process detailed

Findings presented unambiguously

Business research means the systematic and objectives process of gathering, recording and analyzing data for aid in making business decision

Conclusions justified

Purpose clearly defined

Research is an objectives and systematic scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem that needs a solution

Case study

Experience survey

Secondary data analysis

Exploratory Research Preliminary data collection or A problem discovery

Pilot studies

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION (Broad problem area)

Problem definition

1. Research task to either clarify a problem, to evaluate a program, or to define an opportunity

3. Indication of a specific business decision area that will be clarified by answering some research questions. It is frequently a neglected area of research. 5. In order to state a good research objectives, it should be well formed and with testable research hypothesis

2. A careful attention to problem definition allows the researcher to set the proper research questions and objectives.

4. The researcher should make a formal statement of the problem and the research objectives.

Classification and evaluation about the topic Accredited scholars and researchers have written on a topic It includes research questions, research objectives, thesis, or the issue that will research.
1. Literature review meaning

Body of knowledge and establish credibility. The direction of research on a question and the connections to a body of knowledge.

To integrate and summarize what is known in areas. To learn from others and stimulates new ideas. Clarify and focus on research problem Improve methodology

2. Goals of literature review 3. Reasons for literatu re review

Identify gaps in current knowledge Identify seminal works in your area Identify opposing views

Citations
7. Citations, quotations, and referencing or bibliography

CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE SURVEY

Quotations
6. The contents of literature review

5. Procedure for reviewing the literature

4. Approaches to reviewing the literature

Narrow perspective

Broad perspective

Introduction: Define the topic, establish writer reason. In the body: Group of literature review according to common themes. Conclusion: Summarizations of major contributions of the literature. Search for existing literature Review the selected literature Develop theoretical framework Develop theoretical framework Develop conceptual framework Writing the literature review

Measuring variable

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Intervening or mediating variable Theoretical framework

INTRODUCTION . Framework discusses the inter-relationship among the concepts and/or variables that are deemed to be integrals to the dynamics of the situation being investigated

Types of variables

Types of framework

FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT Conceptual framework

CHAPTER 4: FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT

Testing the hypothesis HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT Selecting the appropriate test Three conditions of good hypothesis Better than its rivals. Testable. Adequacy for its purpose. Functions of hypothesis It guides the direction of the study. It provides a framework for organizing the conclusions that result. It suggests which form of research design is the most appropriate. It identifies facts that are relevant and those that are not. Formulating the hypothesis Select the appropriate types of hypothesis Construct the hypothesis statement State the null hypotheses and alternative hypotheses Choosing the level of significance. Data collection Determining the probability Comparing the critical value and making the decision Research conclusion

Description Causal/ Hypothesis Exploration The nature of study

Clarification Correlational Causal 2. Types of investigation 1. Purpose of the study CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH DESIGN 5. Time horizon 4. Unit of analysis (Population to be studied) 2. Longitudinal 1. Individuals 2. Dyads 5. Countries 4. Organizations 3. Groups 3. Study setting Contrived Noncontrived

1. Cross sectional

Research designed to describe or summarize information about a population or sample.

The initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem.

Research conducted to identify cause and affect relationship among variable when the research problem has already been narrowly defined.

Description

Exploration

Causal / hypothesis

Types of research proposal CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Research interference

Manipulation In studies conducted to establish cause and effects, the researcher tries to manipulate certain variables so as to study the effects of such manipulation on dependent variable of interest.

Minimal Exploratory and descriptive studies are conducted in the natural environment of the organization where the researcher usually interferes minimally with the normal flow of work

Internal sources Data collection sources can be divided into two primary and secondary types. Primary data comes from the original sources. Secondary data comes from studies and data collection

External sources

2. Inexpensive 1. Readily available

2. The information may not meet specific needs. 1. Data may be out of date.

Sources of secondary data

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SECONDARY DATA

DATA COLLECTION

3. PRIMARY DATA

4. BASIC METHOD FOR SURVEY RESEARCH Disadvantages Selfadministrated questionnaires Personal interview

Sources of primary data

Advantages

Questionnaires

Quick, inexpensive, efficient and accurate Flexible and properly conducted

Interview s

In specific for each form of data collection. (mail, personal interview and telephone)

Telephone interview

Printed, selfadministrated questionnaires that use other form of distributions.

Research is an objective and systematic scientific inquiry or investigation into A specific problem that needs A solution. Definition of research Business research means the systematic and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data for aid in making business decision

To seek the truth To discover new knowledge Importance of research INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

To describe, explain and predict.

To provide solution to A problem To help in decision making Basic research

Types of research Applied research Purpose clearly defined Research process detailed Well planned research Charactheristics of good research

Ethical issues
Adequate analysis for decision maker's needs Findings presented unambiguously Conclusions justified