Article 1

Simmons, Wu, Gordon, and Conger, 2006, p.47-80

A study was done with older children to show that corporal punishment can lead to anti-social
behavior. The study consisted of some Iowa families and some Taiwanese families. At the end of
the study it was proved that conduct problems were more extreme with the more corporal
punishment that was administered. It was also found that with corporal punishment children felt
mistreated, angry, expressed a sense of defiance toward their parent(s) or guardian, and were
more likely to be anti-social.

Article 2

Vonnie and Smith, 2004, p. 40-53

The article basically talked about how a child views their parent(s) or guardian after they get a
spanking or get punished physically. The child views the punisher differently than once before. a
study was done on 550 African American children, 1,039 European children, and 401 Hispanic
children. This study was conducted by the mothers of the children. Over time spanking not only
caused behavior problems but it caused maternal emotional problems, that is, emotional
problems against the mother or female. In other words, spanking caused the child to view the
mother as negative specie.

Article 3

Sugarman and Giles-Sims, 1997, p. 151

Spanking children can lead to ASB, that is, anti-social behavior. Anti-social behavior is when the
child is afraid to socialize and associate with people and the public due to a fear of their parents.
It was thought that when children were spanked they were less likely to be anti-social. Studies
showed just the opposite. Spanking had long-term effects on the child, rather than short-term
affects.
Article 4

Kayor and Otis, 2007, p. 80-91

What was said and understood in this article was the prediction of the use of corporal punishment
by parents. It was said and proven that when parents use means of corporal punishment toward
their children that it can have long-term negative effects on the child. It has also been proven that
a mother's characteristics and neighborhood environment didn't have a lot to do with the
relationship with the parental use of corporal punishment.

Article 5

Murray and Kantor, 1994, p. 10

In the article written by Murray and Kaufman the terms corporal punishment and physical abuse
are meant as the same thing. When a child or an adolescent is physically abused or punished that
can possibly lead to later adulthood problems. The problems that can occur are depression,
suicide, alcohol abuse, child abuse, and wife beating. These problems can also be caused by
other factors but corporal punishment of adolescents caused by parents can lead up to these
problems.