Mollusca

and Introduction to Spiralia

Phylogeny of Protostomes
Spiralia Ecdysozoa Protostomia Deuterostomia

Bilateria

Ancestry of Mollusca
Mollusca
Platyhelminthes, Rotifera Annelida Lophophorata Eutrochozoa

Lophotrochozoa

Spiralia Protostomia

Ecdysozoa

Trochophore Larva
compare Hickman Fig. 16-6

basis of the term Eutrochozoa present in many marine mollusks and annelids

compare Hickman Fig.s 16-6 and 16-7

Marine Mollusk Larvae

Veliger

Phylum Mollusca
Name means soft-shelled nut 2nd largest phylum in number of species Most are free-living and marine
but many clams and snails are freshwater or terrestrial

Feeding habits:
Scrapers and suspension feeders (rarely, carnivores)

acoelomate

pseudocoelomate
(muscles, not peritoneum)

Eucoelomate Body Design

ectoderm mesoderm endoderm

eucoelomate

peritoneum

Coelom: fluid-filled cavity between gut and body wall that is lined with mesodermal cells (peritoneum).

Important Mollusk Features

coelom - just the pericardium, a sac around the
heart

muscular foot - posterior, ventral, locomotory mantle - dorsal epidermis that makes the shell
also encloses the body in a mantle cavity ciliated mantle cavity helps with respiration and sometimes feeding

radula - tongue-like scraper used for feeding

Molluscan Anatomy
(chiton; Hickman Fig. 16-9)

Hickman Fig.s 16-9, 16-18, 16-31, 16-38

Mollusk Body Designs

motion while feeding

Radula
Hickman Fig. 16-2

not present in Bivalvia

Mollusca Classes
required in ZO 110

Bivalvia - clams, mussels, oysters, etc. Polyplacophora - chitons Gastropoda - snails and slugs Cephalopoda - squid, octopus, nautilus

clams and mussels shell of two "valves lateral, ciliated gills for respiration and filter-feeding narrow foot for burrowing head just mouth and labial palps - no radula

Bivalvia

Clam Filter-Feeding Flow

Hickman Fig. 16-30, 16-31

Dor. Ant. Pos.

Ven.

Valuable Bivalvia
many are edible
oysters, scallops, blue mussels, clams

river mussels
harvested for making seed pearls symbol of freshwater biodiversity

popular with collectors

Bivalve Pest
Hickman Pg 343

Dreissena, the zebra mussel

Polyplacophora
chitons

eight dorsal shell plates slow-moving - foot has strong suction grazer-scrapers with radula
eat algae from rocks between or below the tides

Gastropoda
snails and slugs also conchs, limpets, abalones, and sea hares terrestrial, freshwater, or marine single shell, or none scrape up food or attack prey with radula most diverse mollusk class
> 40,000 named species

Gastropod Body Design

Campbell Fig. 16.18

Snail Anatomy
Hickman Fig. 16-18

Shell-less Gastropods
Hickman Fig. 16-22, 16-23

Conus Eats a Fish

Hickman Fig. 16-16

nautilus, squid, octopus

modification of foot, addition of a beak for carnivory reduced shell or flotation for swimming improved respiration, circulation, and neural/behavioral complexity support high activity levels

Class Cephalopoda

Hickman Fig. 16-36

Nautilus

many tentacles, without suckers large shell, floated by chambers of gas

Compare Hickman Fig. 16-38

Squid Features

Usual direction of movement - dorsal

streamlined shape undulating lateral fins funnel arms & tentacles with suckers, sometimes poison

Giant Squid!

Artituthus can be 30 ft+

Complex Squid Behavior

Hickman Fig. 16-39

shell reduced to pen mood and camouflage colors ink for concealment

Octopus
Hickman 16-40

8 arms with suckers shell lost, body soft ink sac

Pop Quiz 4
1. Term for the hard structure used by cephalopods in feeding: _______ 2. Term for the molluscan coelom that is restricted to the area around the heart: __________ 3. Class name for the chitons: ______