PAVEMENT LAYERS OF GRAVEL MATERIAL 3401 SCOPE This Section covers the construction of selected layers, Sub-bases, bases

and shoulders, and also gravels wearing courses from approved natural gravel or partially crushed gravels. MATERIALS (a) General Gravel material shall be obtained from approved sources in borrow areas or cuts. Tests will have been made on potential borrow pits, cuts and on the roadbed along the centre line of the route envisaged, and the results will be reflected on the Drawings, which also show the use for which the material could possibly be suitable. The requirements to be complied with by the material are set out either on the Drawings or in the Project Specifications for each of the pavement layers and, despite the indications on the Drawings regarding the possible use of the sources of natural material tested, it shall be incumbent on the Contractor to use only material which complies with the prescribed requirements for use in the relevant pavement layers. Where natural gravel does not fully comply with the requirements in respect of maximum the size after having been broken down as determined in Clause 3204, or after light crushing, oversize material shall be removed as specified in Clause 3210. (b) Selected layers

In situ material falling within the selected sub-grade horizon shall, when not conforming with the requirements for selected sub-grade material, shall be excavated and replaced or stabilised as ordered by the Engineer. Selected sub-grade shall contain no material greater than two-thirds of the layer thickness in the case of both un-stabilised and stabilised materials. The material will conform to the following requirements when un-stabilised unless otherwise specified in the Project Specifications:

Minimum soaked CBR at specified density: Upper selected layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 % Lower selected layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 % Maximum plasticity index . . . . 3 x grading modulus + 10 The maximum plasticity index of material to be chemically stabilised shall be as directed by the Engineer for each source and type of material used. (c) Sub-base Sub-base materials shall be obtained from approved sources in borrow or cut or such other sources as may be specified or approved from time to time. The completed sub-base shall contain no material having a maximum dimension larger than 63 mm or larger than two thirds of the compacted layer thickness when approved by the Engineer. Sub-base material shall, unless otherwise authorised, conform to the following requirements when finally placed: (i) Grading Modulus The minimum grading modulus shall be 1.5 unless authorised by the Engineer, in which case a minimum of 1.2 may be permitted. The grading modulus may be relaxed to below 1.2 at the discretion of the Engineer when no alternative sub-base material exists provided that the specified CBR strength is obtained. (ii) Plasticity Index The maximum plasticity index of the natural material shall be 10% and that for material to be stabilised shall not exceed 6% after treatment with the selected stabilising agent. (iii) California Bearing Ratio The minimum soaked CBR of the natural material shall be 30% at the specified in situ density (not less than 95% Modified AASHTO). (d) Base

Gravel base material shall be obtained only from approved borrow areas or such other sources of supply as may be specified or approved

for use from time to time. The completed base shall contain no material having a maximum dimension exceeding 53 mm. Gravel base material shall, unless otherwise authorised, conform with the requirements in Table 3402/1 and below when finally placed. Table 3402/1 Grading for gravel base Sieve size (mm), Percentage passing by mass, Natural base chemically, stabilised base (i) Grading Modulus The minimum grading modulus shall be 2.0 if un-stabilised or 1.7 if the material is to be chemically stabilised. (ii) Plasticity Index The maximum plasticity index of the natural material shall be 6% and that for material to be stabilised shall not exceed 6% after treatment with the selected stabilising agent. (iii) California Bearing Ratio The minimum soaked CBR of the natural material shall be 80% at 98% Mod AASHTO density. (iv) Quality/durability The quality of the natural base course material shall comply with the following requirements: Durability Mill Index (DMI) (See Sub-clause 7107(d)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125* Maximum percentage passing 0.425 mm Sieve after any DMI treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Flakiness index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30% * This may be relaxed to 420 for acid crystalline, high silica and pedogenic materials. (e) Shoulder and wearing course

Shoulders will either be constructed from the same material as the base course or imported gravel. Imported gravel for shoulders shall conform with the requirements for wearing course gravels as follows: Maximum size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 mm Maximum percentage retained on 37.5 mm sieve . . . . . 5

Shrinkage product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 - 365 Grading coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 - 34 Minimum soaked CBR at 95% mod AASHTO . . . . . . . 15 (Shrinkage product = Bar linear shrinkage x per cent passing 0.425 mm) Grading coefficient = (per cent passing 26.5 mm - percent passing 2.0 mm) x per cent passing 4.75 mm/100 Note: all grading parameters must be normalised for 100%passing 37.5 mm. (f) Compaction requirements The minimum in situ compaction of gravel material shall be as specified hereinafter for the respective layers in terms of a percentage of modified AASHTO density. Lower selected layer . . . . . . . . 90% or 93%, as required. Sand: 100% Upper selected layer . . . . . . . . . 93% or 95%, as required Sand: 100% Sub-base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95% or 97%, as required for material not chemically stabilised. 95% or 97%, as required for material chemically stabilised Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98% or 100%, as required for material not chemically stabilised. 97% or 98% as required for material chemically stabilised. Shoulder & wearing course . . . . 93% or 95% as required. (g) Electrical conductivity

When specified in the Project Specifications, the requirements of Subclause 3602(d) shall apply. 3403 CONSTRUCTION (a) Requirements applying prior to the construction of the layer

Pavement layers shall be constructed only where the underlying layer meets all the specified requirements and has been approved by the Engineer. Before the construction of any pavement layer, and also before any material for a pavement layer is dumped on the road, the Contractor shall check the underlying layer to establish whether there is any damage, wet spots or other defects, which shall be rectified in accordance with the instructions of the Engineer before the next layer is constructed. (b) Placing and compacting The material for a pavement layer shall be placed, spread, broken down, watered if necessary and mixed, and oversize material shall be removed and the layer compacted, all in accordance with the requirements of Section 3200. The following additional requirements in regard to placement and compaction shall apply to specific pavement layers: (i) Gravel Base Coarse gravel containing non-plastic or slightly plastic soil fines and used in the construction of the gravel base will usually require slashing and rolling in addition to the compaction specified in Clause 3208, in order to obtain a firm, well-knit surface. If so directed by the Engineer, the base, after being processed and compacted as specified above, shall be well watered by the Contractor over short sections at a time, slashed and rolled with compactors and/or heavy flat-wheel rollers of a mass of not less than 10 tonnes each. Watering and rolling shall continue over a section until all excess fines have been brought to the surface of the layer. Such excess fines shall be uniformly spread over the entire surface of the layer by means of stiff brooms, and watering, rolling and brooming shall continue until all areas deficient in fines have been suitably corrected. All excess fines shall finally be removed from the surface of the layer. (ii) Shoulders Where the shoulders are to be constructed from the same material as the base, they shall be constructed simultaneously

with the base. Where a base is to be constructed from crushed stone, the shoulders shall first be constructed and then neatly cut to the required line to provide lateral support for the crushed stone. Care shall be taken not to pollute the base material with the shoulder material. In the case of asphalt bases, the shoulders may be constructed after completion of the base. 3400-3 Shoulder material shall be spread, broken down, watered, processed and compacted in accordance with the provisions of Section 3200, and shall be compacted to a density of not less than 93% of modified AASHTO density or 95% modified AASHTO density if specified in the Drawings or by the Engineer. Work shall be so constructed that the road will be adequately drained at all times by means of temporary drainage pipes passing through the shoulders. The Contractor shall not start constructing the final bituminous surfacing of any part of the road before he has completed the shoulders of such section and the Engineer has approved it. (c) Crushing and screening

Where pavement material cannot be suitably broken down to the required size in excavation and during processing on the road, the Engineer may prescribe that the material be crushed and screened or crushed only, all as specified in Section 3200. (d) Stabilisation When specified or required by the Engineer, pavement layers shall be stabilised as specified in Section 3500. (e) Upgrading of existing base Where an existing gravel layer is to be improved by the addition of a layer of material less than 100 mm thick, the existing surface shall be scarified to the depth instructed by the Engineer, mixed with the imported material to form a homogeneous layer of a minimum 100 mm depth, re-compacted to the dry density specified in Sub-clause 3402(f) and formed to the lines and levels shown on the Drawings or as ordered by the Engineer. Any

surplus existing material shall be bladed off and removed to spoil or incorporated elsewhere in the base as directed by the Engineer. (f) Classification of layers for payment purposes Payment for pavement layers constructed from gravel material shall distinguish between layers constructed with material from borrow pits, cuts or existing pavement layers, and in situ re-compacted layers with or without the use of additional materials. Layers constructed from crushedstone material recovered from existing crushed-stone pavement layers shall be placed and paid for as gravel material, unless otherwise determined by the Engineer. Where the Engineer determines in writing, that the material shall be processed and placed as crushed stone, Section 3600 shall apply in respect of the placing of and payment for the material. 3404 PROTECTION AND MAINTENANCE The Contractor shall protect and maintain the completed pavement layers. Protection includes protection against rain and flood water and against any undue wear and tear of or damage to unsealed layers by construction or other traffic. Maintenance shall include, inter alia, the immediate repair of any damage or defects that may occur, excluding the normal wear and tear of bases and wearing courses, and shall be repeated until the end of the maintenance period. 3405 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES The completed pavement layers shall comply with the construction tolerances given below: (a) Level

The level tolerances referred to in Clause 7205 shall be as follows: H90 Hmax Selected layer...................................... 25 mm 33 mm Sub-base.............................................. 20 mm 25 mm Base.................................................... 15 mm 20 mm Shoulders and wearing course............. - 25 mm

(b)

Layer thicknesses

The thickness tolerances referred to in Clause 7205 shall be as follows: D90 Dmax Daverage Selected layer.......................... 30 mm 40 mm 10 mm Sub-base.................................. 21 mm 27 mm 5 mm Base........................................ 21 mm 27 mm 5 mm Wearing course....................... - 30 mm 0 mm Shoulders................................ - 30 mm 0 mm (c) Grade Deviations from the specified longitudinal grade shall not exceed that listed in Table 3404/1 in respect of the specified grades on the completed base. Table 3404/1 Deviations from specified longitudinal grade Length (L) of section under review (m) Maximum deviation (g) of specified slope (%) 25 10 20 30 0.354 0.224 0.158 0.112 0.091 Note: Use the following formula for other lengths g(%)_ 0.5 _L (d) Width

The average width of the layer shall not be less than the specified width, and nowhere shall the outer edge deviate by more than the following from the edge lines shown on the Drawings: 3400-4

Selected layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 mm Sub-base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 mm Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 mm Shoulders and wearing course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 mm (e) Cross-section

When tested with a 3 m straight-edge laid at right angles to the road centre line, the surface shall not deviate from the bottom of the straightedge by more than 6 mm. At any cross-section the difference in level between any two points shall not vary from their difference in level computed from the cross-sections shown on the Drawings by more than 15 mm. (f) Surface regularity When testing the base with a rolling straight-edge as described in Subclause 7110(c), the number of surface irregularities shall not exceed those given below: (i) Average number of irregularities per 100 m equal to or exceeding 6 mm when taken over 300 m - 600 m lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4 (ii) Number of irregularities equal to or exceeding 6 mm when taken over 100 m sections . . . . 6 The maximum value of any individual irregularity measured with the rolling straight-edge or a 3 m straight-edge laid parallel to the road centre line shall not exceed 10 mm. (g) Construction tolerances for rehabilitation work The construction tolerances of Clause 3405 shall be applicable to rehabilitation work, except where a gravel layer is placed on top of an existing layer without it being required that the existing layer be trimmed first to prescribed levels, the thickness tolerances of Sub-clause 3405(b) shall not apply. 3406 ROUTINE INSPECTION AND TESTS

The Engineer will do routine inspections and conduct routine tests to determine whether the quality of material and workmanship provided comply with the requirements of this Section. The test results and measurements shall be assessed in accordance with the provisions of Section 7200. SERIES 3000: EARTHWORKS AND PAVEMENT LAYERS OF GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE SECTION 3500 : STABILISATION CONTENTS 3501 SCOPE 3502 MATERIALS 3503 CHEMICAL STABILISATION 3504 MECHANICAL MODIFICATION 3505 TOLERANCES 3506 QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP 3507 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 3501 SCOPE This Section covers the stabilisation of materials used in the construction of the roadbed, fill or pavement layers by the addition of a chemical stabilising agent or by the mechanical modification of the material by mixing various materials or by treating the material with a bituminous stabilising agent. It includes the furnishing, spreading and mixing-in of the stabilising agent or soil binder. In the case of chemically stabilised material the layer is given a curing treatment. 3502 MATERIALS (a) Chemical stabilising agents The stabilising agent shall be either one or more of the following agents specified on the Drawings, in the Schedule of Quantities or in the Project Specifications or ordered by the Engineer. (i) Road Lime

Road lime shall comply with the requirements of the national specification for lime or AASHTO M 216 or SABS 824 where no local standard exists. (ii) Ordinary Portland Cement Ordinary Portland cement shall comply with the requirements of the national specification or AASHTO M 85 or SABS 471 where no local standard exists. The use of rapid-hardening Portland cement shall not be permitted. (iii) Portland Blast-Furnace Cement Portland blast-furnace cement shall comply with the requirements of the national specification or AASHTO M 240 or SABS 626. (iv) Milled Blast-Furnace Slag Milled blast-furnace slag shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M 240 or national specifications as specified and have a specific surface of not less than 0.35m 2/g and the residue on a sieve with 75 micron openings shall not exceed 10% by mass. Milled blast-furnace slag shall not be used on its own as a stabilising agent but shall be mixed either with Ordinary Portland cement to form a cement-slag mixture, or with lime to form a lime-slag mixture. The ratio by mass of the ingredients of each mixture shall be indicated by the Engineer. Cement-slag and lime-slag mixtures shall be intimately mixed by means of approved mixers and/or spreaders prior to their application onto any layers to be stabilised, or they may be mixed on the road, at the discretion of the Engineer. (v) Other Chemical Stabilising Agents Other chemical stabilising agents such as fly-ash may be used if specified in the Special Specifications or if approved or so instructed by the Engineer. (b) be General kept under proper cover and be protected from moisture. From the time of purchase to the time of use, all stabilising agents shall Consignments of these materials shall be used in the same sequence as that in which they are delivered at the Works. Stocks which have been

stored on the site for periods longer than three months shall not be used in the work, unless authorised by the Engineer. (c) Soil binder Soil binder for mechanical modification shall be taken from within the limits of an approved source and shall be subject to such requirements regarding grading, plasticity index or other properties as may be indicated on the borrow-pit plans, or prescribed by the Engineer. (d) Material properties The properties of the material after stabilisation will be specified in the Drawings and design. In order to ensure that a durable stabilisation reaction occurs, the amount of Stabiliser added should not be less than the initial consumption of lime (ICL) as determined using the method described in Sub-clause 7109(d) plus 1%. Stabiliser content in excess of 5% is not normally specified in order to avoid excessive shrinkage cracking. 3503 CHEMICAL STABILISATION (a) Preparing the layer The material to be stabilised shall be prepared and placed as specified in Section 3200, and given at least one pass with a flat-wheel roller. The material shall be damp. (b) Applying the stabilising agent

After the layer of soil or gravel has been prepared, the stabilising agent shall be spread uniformly over the full area of the layer at the prescribed rate of application by means of an approved type of mechanical spreader in a continuous process, or it may be spread by hand. When spreading is done by hand, pockets or bags of stabilising agent shall be accurately spaced at equal intervals along the section to be stabilised so that the specified rate of application can be achieved. The stabilising agent shall be spread as evenly as possible, and shall then be uniformly distributed over the entire surface to 3500-2 be treated by levelling off the stabilising agent by means of hand rakes and/or screeds. The Engineer may permit spreading of the hand-spaced stabilising agent by motor grader, provided

that he is satisfied that an even distribution of the stabilising agent is obtained. (c) Mixing in the stabilising agent

Immediately after the stabilising agent has been spread, it shall be mixed with the loose gravel for the full depth of treatment. Care shall be taken not to disturb the compacted layer underneath, nor to mix the stabilising agent in below the desired depth. Mixing shall be continued for as long as necessary and repeated as often as required to ensure a thorough, uniform and intimate mix of the soil or gravel and the stabilising agent over the full area and depth of the material to be treated and until the resulting mixture is homogeneous and of uniform appearance throughout. Mixing shall be done by grader, disc harrow, rotary mixer or equivalent plant, working over the full area and depth of the layer to be stabilised by means of successive passes of the equipment. Mixing may also be done in central batch-mixing plants, but the Contractor will not be entitled to payment for additional overhaul or incidentals resulting from such procedure, unless such mode of operation has been prescribed. (d) Watering Immediately after the stabilising agent has been properly mixed with the soil or gravel, the moisture content of the mixture shall be determined, and the required amount of water as specified in Section 3200 shall be added. Each application or addition of water shall be well mixed with the gravel or soil so as to avoid the concentration of water near the surface or the flow of water over the surface of the layer. Particular care shall be taken to ensure satisfactory moisture distribution over the full depth, width and length of the section being stabilised and to prevent any portion of the work from getting excessively wet after the stabilising agent has been added. Any portion of the work that becomes too wet after the stabilising agent has been added and before the mixture has been compacted, will be rejected, and such portions shall be allowed to dry out to the required moisture content and shall then be scarified, re-stabilised, re-compacted and again finished off in accordance with the requirements

specified herein, all at the expense of the Contractor. The water supply and watering equipment shall be adequate to ensure that all the water required will be added and mixed with the material being treated within a short enough period to enable compaction and finishing to be completed within the period specified in Sub-clause 3503(h). (e) Compaction

The provisions of Section 3200 shall apply. During compaction the layer shall be continuously bladed by motor grader, and loss of moisture by evaporation shall be corrected by further light applications of water. During compaction of the stabilised layers, the Contractor shall lightly harrow or scarify the crust before final rolling, if so required by the Engineer, in order to prevent the formation of laminations near the surface of the layer. Final rolling shall be done with equipment that will give a smooth surface finish which conforms to the surface tolerances specified. Low patches on the surface may not be filled after compaction. The minimum compaction requirements shall be as specified for the particular layer in the various Sections of these Specifications. A sufficient number of compacting units shall be employed on the work to ensure that, from the time the stabilising agent is first applied to the layer, the mixing process, watering, compacting, shaping and final finishing will be completed within the periods specified in Sub-clause 3503(h) below. (f) Finishing at junctions Any finished portion of the stabilised layer adjacent to new work, which is used as a turn-round area by equipment in constructing the adjoining section, shall be provided with a protective cover of soil or gravel of at least 100 mm thick over a sufficient length to prevent damage to work already completed. When the adjoining section is being finally finished, such cover shall be removed to permit the making of a smooth vertical joint at the junction of the different sections. Material in the vicinity of the joint which cannot be processed satisfactorily with normal construction

equipment shall be mixed and compacted by hand or with suitable handoperated machines. (g) Curing the stabilised work

The stabilised layer shall be protected against rapid drying-out for at least seven days following completion of the layer. The methods of protection may be any one or more of the following: (i) The stabilised layer shall be kept continuously wet or damp by watering at frequent intervals. This method will be permitted for up to a maximum period of 24 hours, but one of Methods (ii), (iii), or (iv) shall be applied as soon as the moisture content of the stabilised layer so permits. Work which is not kept continuously wet or damp but is subjected to consecutive wet-dry cycles, may be rejected by the Engineer should he consider the layer to have been adversely affected. (ii) The stabilised layer shall be covered with the material required for the following layer while the stabilised layer is still in a wet or damp condition. The material forming the protective layer shall be watered at such intervals as may be required to keep the stabilised layer continuously wet or damp, and in dry weather this shall be done at least once in every 24 hours. (iii) The stabilised layer shall be covered with a curing membrane consisting of a spray-grade emulsion or cutback bitumen applied at the rate instructed by the Engineer. The provisions of Section 4100 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the application of a curing membrane. (iv) Where a prime coat is specified on top of the stabilised base or sub-base, the prime coat may be utilised as a curing membrane and shall be applied as specified in Section 4100. No additional payment will be made for curing as described above, except that the application of a curing membrane when ordered by the Engineer shall be paid for separately 3500-3 and the application of a prime coat shall be paid for under Section 4100.

(h)

Construction limitations

For cemented layers, the stabilising agent shall be applied only to an area of such size that all processing, watering, compacting and finishing can be completed within the period given in Table 3503/1. Table 3503/1 Construction limitations, Stabilising Agent Maximum time for completion after stabilising agent comes into contact with the material to be stabilised Ordinary Portland cement, or Portland cement mixed with milled slag or fly ash Slaked lime 8 hours 10 hours For modification, the maximum period allowed from the time the binder comes into contact with the layer being modified until the completion of compaction shall be 48 hours in the case of lime. The starting time shall be the median time taken to complete the spreading of the lime. Modification of materials should only be carried out to improve the properties of the material prior to chemical stabilisation. Modification alone will usually be lost rapidly through carbonation. No stabilisation shall be applied when the moisture content of the material to be stabilised exceeds the optimum moisture content by more than 2% of the dry mass of material. No stabilisation shall be done during wet weather or when, in the opinion of the Engineer, windy conditions may adversely affect the stabilising operations. Any rain Falling on the working area during the process of stabilisation may be sufficient cause for the Engineer to order any affected areas to be reconstructed at the Contractors own cost. Neither traffic nor any equipment not actually used for processing the layer may be allowed to pass over the freshly spread stabilising agent. Only equipment required for curing or priming may be allowed over the treated layers during the specified curing period. Where water spraying equipment causes damage to the layer, the Engineer may direct that watering shall be done by sidespraying tankers travelling off the stabilised layer.

3504 MECHANICAL MODIFICATION Mechanical modification shall consist of the addition of an approved soil binder to material to improve its properties, or the mixing of material originating from various sources, as described hereafter. (a) Modifying soil and gravel by the addition of a soil binder This process involves the addition and mixing of an approved soil binder, which shall not exceed 20% by mass of the total mixture, to the material to be improved. The material to be treated shall be prepared, broken down and spread to the required loose thickness, all as specified in Section 3200. An approved binder material shall then be spread over the prepared material at the required rate, and the materials shall be mixed by a suitable method by motor grader, harrow and/or other suitable plant until the binder material is uniformly and intimately mixed with the material being treated. The mixed materials shall then be watered, mixed and compacted as described in Section 3200. (b) Mixing materials from various sources The mixing of materials from various sources requires the material from the first source to be dumped onto the road, prepared, broken down and spread in a layer of uniform thickness, after which it is lightly rolled with a steel-wheeled roller. The material from the second source shall then be dumped onto the road, prepared, broken down and evenly spread, after which the two materials shall be thoroughly mixed as described in Subclause 3208(a): Spraying and mixing. The mixing of materials from different sources will apply only when the smallest component of the mixture exceeds 20% of the total mass of the mixture. If not, the process will be regarded as the addition of a soil binder as described above in Subclause 3504(a). 3505 TOLERANCES (c) Rate of application The average rate of application of a chemical stabilising agent, when applied by mechanical bulk-spreading equipment and measured by the canvas-patch method, shall be equal to the specified rate of application

5% of the rate of application measured over any section not exceeding 1.0 km in length. No single measurement shall show a value deviating by more than 20% from the specified rate. When hand spotted, stabilising agents shall be spread exactly to the specified rate of application. (d) Uniformity of mix

The cementitious binder content of the mixed material as determined from 50 samples per lot, when sampled and tested as specified in Subclause 7109(a), shall be within the following limits. (i) The average cementitious binder content of all 50 samples shall not be less than 93% of the specified binder content. (ii) Not more than nine samples out of the 50 shall show a cementitious binder content lower than 70% of the specified binder content. As described in Sub-clause 7109(a), test results shall be adjusted to make allowance for the presence in the material to be stabilised, of minerals which affect the test results. The above requirements for uniformity of mix shall be 3500-4 applied only on condition that the variation in these adjustments falls within the limits specified in Clause 7109. 3506 QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP (a) Process control (i) Stabilising agent The Contractor shall keep detailed records of the quantities of stabilising agent applied to the road and the volume of material stabilised, and shall make these records available to the Engineer. He shall also monitor the rate of application when using bulk spreading equipment, by taking a canvas patch or tray test every 200 metres, unless the Engineer has permitted that the number of tests may be reduced. When using a bulk spreader on Site for the first time or after it has been adjusted or repaired, the spread rate shall be checked by at least five tests over as short a distance as is practicable, with the equipment running at normal speed without stops. Spreading shall not

continue on a large scale until the spread rate is within permissible tolerances. (ii) Compaction The requirements for process control in respect of compaction shall be the same as those stated for the un-stabilised layers in each section. Modified AASHTO densities shall be determined. (b) Routine inspection and testing

Routine inspection and testing will be made by the Engineer to determine the quality of materials and workmanship for compliance with the requirements of this Section. The test results and measurements will be judged in accordance with the provisions of Section 7200. Only the lower limits and not any upper limits for cementitious binder content have been laid down in Clauses 7205 and 7207. Nevertheless, the binder content as determined by the sample mean of a lot shall be not more than 0.5% above the value specified or ordered by the Engineer. Compliance with the requirements for the compaction of stabilised materials shall be as specified in the relevant section for each layer, or in the Project Specifications. The requirements for uniformity of mix and rate of application shall be deemed to have been complied with if the mixture meets the requirements of Clause 3505. When the tests for uniformity of mix are not applicable as stated in Sub-clause 3505(b), the material shall be visually appraised for uniformity of mix. (c) Defective work or materials Any material or work which does not comply with the requirements specified shall be removed and replaced with new materials or work complying with the specified requirements or, if the Engineer permits, be repaired as specified in Clause 1220, so that it will comply with the specified requirements after having been repaired.