Public Administration They are the parts of government that implement laws, provide services to the public and

are responsible for the day-to-day running of the country. The purpose of public Administration is to frame a superior understanding of government and its relationship with the society it governs, as well as to promote public policies responsive to social needs. Public Administration also institutes managerial practices attuned to effectiveness, efficiencies, and a deeper human requisite of the citizenry. It is said that "PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION is nothing less than the whole government in action". Administration is the most obvious part of government; it is government in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of government and is of course as old as government itself . Administrative Problems of Pakistan Some of the administrative problems of Pakistan is briefly discussed below.

Economic Problems The economy of Pakistan is undergoing serious and far reaching changes. The economic sanctions because of nuclear explosions, decrease in exports and political instability are the major factors responsible for sluggish Pakistan economy. International economic scenario is also under recession. So it is very difficult for an elected government to control the situation. It is not possible for any government to start or even continue projects of development without capital. Taxes of Govt. are always major portion of national income, but in Pakistan the system of recovery is not functioning fruitfully. Business community prefers to bribe a few thousand than to pay the official tax year by year. We can say that corruption is one of the major problems that are eating up over economy. The absence of check and balance is resulting in destruction. Following are the some reason for deflation of economy Economic Loss Due To War On Terrorism Energy Crisis Poorly Managed Tax System Low Export And High Import Inflation Influx Of Local People From War Ridden Areas And Their Rehabilitation

Lack Of Tourism Population growth Absence of a strong political system.

Electricity load shedding Load shedding is what electric utilities do when there is a huge demand for electricity that exceeds the generation available. The alternative is to have a brown-out where the voltage is reduced. Factors There are many factors behind electric load shedding in Pakistan. These factors include shortage in river waters, over population, new connections, electric supply to villages, low generation of electricity, fewer dams, power theft, line losses etc. The load shedding is the result of corruption, inefficiency, mismanagement and defective planning in WAPDA besides incomplete projects like Kala Bagh Dam, misuse of available resources, no generation from atomic and solar energy, lack of consensus and the apathy of the government contribute to load shedding. KESC deliberately switches off power units to conserve fuel Valuable power-generation equipment is protected from being damaged by excess power demand or "distribution network overload" conditions. One most important factor of load shedding is circular debt. The reality of circular debt is KESC didnt make payment to WAPDA, and WAPDA didnt make payment further power generating companies.

Education in Pakistan The existing education delivery system is not meeting the needs and aspirations of the society as such particularly, it is a challenge to the provinces and districts for the 21st century. Moreover, prior to devolution, the policy and planning have been undertaken by the central and provincial governments without taking into account the ground realities and without the participation of community. The main objectives of the devolution plan is to empower the community at the grassroots level in planning, management, resource mobilization and utilization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the education system to improve

the service delivery at that level. The main inherent issues of education systems are: teachers absenteeism, high drop out rates particularly at primary level, high repetition rates, low completion rates, inequalities by gender, location and social groups, low literacy rate and unsatisfactory performance of schools, It is believed that highly centralized system of education is greatly hampering the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery service at the grass-root... Political Situation In Pakistan Since the birth of Pakistan every government has appealed for national unity. Pakistan has run into crisis after crises, each graver than the preceding and unity has eluded us despite all the fervent appeals made. There must be serious reasons why crises should exist in abundance and not unity. These reasons need to be examined. Our country has been threatened by two sorts of crises-a general one affecting the world, but particularly Asia; and the other casting its gloom over the sub-continent. There is an obvious connection between them. Of whatever sorts the crisis may be and whether simple or manifold, the situation has, to be understood properly. The world in which we live is moving towards a culmination, which might be a universal catastrophe.. Must we let ourselves fall into it consciously by marching ahead to disaster or should we not draw back? There is no alternative but to pull hack. This does not entail a loss of prestige. It only saves this beautiful world from senseless destruction. Pakistan is caught in a whirlwind. As we look back on the twenty years of our existence, we find a dangerous tendency for international and subcontinental problems to get fused together. To maintain the view that crisis is the order of the day, a natural phenomenon of this restless age, is pointless. The prevailing demoniacal trend requires to be reversed. Ours is not the only country caught in the vicious circle of crises. Many countries have been able to settle similar problems and move on with added strength to other matters. The strength to move forward comes from the resolution of basic internal issues....

Pakistan And The War In Terrorism Following the events of 9/11, Pakistan joined the US-led international coalition against terrorism. As a result of Pakistans sustained support and relentless efforts, the international coalition against terrorism has been able to achieve significant success in the war on terrorism. Pakistans contribution in the war against terrorism has been acknowledged across the world. The US leadership termed Pakistan as a crucial ally of the US and President Musharraf a courageous leader, who has undertaken bold anti-terrorism initiatives.1 Though the pressure on Pakistan to do more has remained constant throughout the last two years, in its support for anti-terrorism cooperation Pakistan has tried to remain mindful about domestic and regional repercussions. In the pre-9/11 period, Pakistan was suffering from a negative image problem due to various factors, such as: its support to the Taliban since 1994; corruption of the political elites; bad economic conditions; nuclear explosions in 1998; alleged support to the Kashmiri freedom struggle; the Kargil conflict and a military coup against a democratically-elected regime in 1999, and so forth. Pakistan joined the US-led coalition in anticipation that it would help instantly addressing all these problems. The other factor that led Pakistan to join the coalition was the nature of choice given by the US administration while seeking cooperation from countries like Pakistan, either they were with the US or with the terrorists. In his speech of September 19, 2001, President Musharraf, while elaborating on the difficult situation, said that according to Islamic Shariah, if there are two difficulties at a time and a selection has to be made, it is better to opt for the lesser one. Pakistan had to choose between cooperation with the US or defiance to the US demands. Political Instability And Its Effects On Pakistan's Economy Pakistan was a very poor and predominantly agricultural country when it gained independence in 1947. Pakistan's average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual real GDP growth rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in the second half of that decade. Farming is Pakistan's largest economic activity. In FY 1993, agriculture, and smallscale forestry and fishing, contributed 25 percent of GDP and employed 48 percent of the labor force. Agricultural products, especially cotton yarn, cotton

cloth, raw cotton, and rice, are important exports. Although there is agricultural activity in all areas of Pakistan, most crops are grown in the Indus River plain in Punjab and Sindh. Considerable development and expansion of output has occurred since the early 1960s; however, the country is still far from realizing the large potential yield that the well-irrigated and fertile soil from the Indus irrigation system could produce. The floods of September 1992 showed how vulnerable agriculture is to weather; agricultural production dropped dramatically in FY 1993. Pakistan had, during its early years realized the need for development of appropriate industrial infrastructure that included setting up industrial estates and an engineering base. The first such estate was established beyond Lyari in Karachi at the present Sindh Industrial Trading Estate, SITE at Manghopir road. It was provided necessary facilities such as water, roads, and waste disposal system. To augment the pace of industrialization, the Shipyard and Engineering Works was created to cater to the needs of engineering material, plant and equipment. Energy Crisis In Pakistan Energy is now the talk of town in Pakistan. Starting from house wives, traders, businessmen, students, ministers all the victims of the shortage of energy. Karachi the biggest city experiencing up to 12 hours load shedding in peak hot weather and during the board exams are on the way. Everybody now became the expert of energy and all the figures are on finger tips. Some time the shortage is 200 MW sometime 2500 MW. Pakistan is in the grip of a serious energy crisis that is affecting all sectors of the economy and the various segments of the society. As the situation stands to-day, there are hardly any immediate solutions to resolve the issue. A change of attitude and a change of life style is needed at the national level which should be triggered by the ruling elite and followed by all segments of the society that have access to electricity. At best there could be some short and long-term solutions to the crisis but they need immediate planning and execution with an enormous investment. Dr Khalil Ahmed of Alternate Solutions Institute has succinctly put this in the following words: It is to live in a Guantanamo Bay of uncertainty. He says even if we do not resort to unruly economic, social, moral, psychological behavior, we feel depressed to the core of our deepest selves and what is more dangerous is that our trust in the system, nation and country evaporates in the air, . Transforming us, the lowly citizens of this elitist country into neurotic and psychotic beings. The multidimensional ongoing energy crisis has been having a knock on the life of every Pakistani. Without sufficient energy

the wheel can't run on roads, industry and agriculture can't sustain, hospitals and operation theaters can't function, schools and laboratories can't work and public and private sector businesses can't operate.