Build Root

EmbeddedLinuxTraining
Building embeddedLinux systemswith Buildroot

ThomasPetazzoni FreeElectrons http://freeelectrons.com/
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FreeElectrons.Kernel,driversandembeddedLinuxdevelopment,consulting,trainingandsupport.http//freeelectrons.com
Rightstocopy
Copyright2009,FreeElectrons feedback@freeelectrons.com Documentsources,updatesandtranslations: http://freeelectrons.com/docs/buildroot Corrections,suggestions,contributionsand translationsarewelcome!
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Latestupdate:Sep15,2009
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Leveragingfreesoftware
Thousandsoffreesoftwarepackagesare availableandcanbeleveragedtobuild embeddedsystems Withfreesoftware
Youhavecontroloverthesource Bugscanbefixed Newfeaturescanbeadded Yoursystemcanbecustomized
Intheory,thesystemdesignersand developershavealotofflexibilitythanksto freesoftware However,leveragingtheexistingfree softwarepackagesmaynotbeveryeasy.

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Usingadistribution
Distributionsprovidereadytousebinarypackages Somedistributions,suchasDebian,areavailablefor embeddedarchitectures(ARM,MIPS,PowerPC) Theymakeitrelativelyeasytogetaworkingsystem,but
Themaintainerofeachpackagehasmadeconfiguration choicesthatdon'tnecessarilymatchyourchoices(softfloat vs.hardfloat,EABIvsOABI,featureAornotfeatureA) Youdon'thavealotofcontrolonsystemintegration (initializationscripts,dependenciesofthecomponents) Ifyouwanttointegratefixesornewfeatures,youneedto rebuildthepackages.Whilethismaynotbeverydifficult, there'susuallynoautomatedinfrastructuretorebuildthe wholesystem.
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Manually
Youcanconfigure,compile,installandintegrateallthefree softwarecomponentsneededtobuildaworkingLinux systemmanually. Itgivesyoufullflexibility,but
Youneedtoknowthedependenciesbetweenallthe components Crosscompilingisusuallyatediousprocess,sometimes requiringpackagesourcecodechanges Youdon'thaveanautomatedproceduretorebuildyour system,whichmightbeneededifyouwanttointegrateabug fixoranewfeature
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Buildsystems
BuildsystemsallowanembeddedLinuxdevelopertogeneratea workingembeddedLinuxsystemfromscratch. Theyautomatetheprocessofdownloading,configuring, compilingandinstallingallthefreesoftwarepackages
Youhaveawellknownprocedureforrebuildingyoursystemfrom scratch Youcaneasilyintegratepatches,bugfixesornewupstream versions Yourcolleaguescaneasilytakeoveryourwork,asthere'sa documentedprocedureforsystemgeneration
Thebuildsystemalreadyknowsaboutmostfreesoftware packages
Dependenciesaremanaged,andcrosscompilingissuesare alreadysolved.
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EnteringBuildroot
Buildroot<http://www.buildroot.net>isasetof Makefilesthatautomatestheprocessofbuildingacross compilingtoolchainandarootfilesystemforanembedded system. BuildroothasbeeninitiallydevelopedbyuClibcdevelopers. Foralongtime,ithadnomaintainerandnoreleaseswere delivered SinceJanuary2009,Buildrootnowhasanofficial maintainer,PeterKorsgaard InFebruary2009,thefirststablereleasehasbeen published,Buildroot2009.02.Anewreleasewillbe publishedevery3months. AnopportunitytotakeafreshlookatBuildroot!
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Buildrootusers
TheyarealreadyusingBuildroot ATMELfortheirAVR32developmentkit http://www.atmel.no/buildroot/buildrootdoc.html Gumstix http://docwiki.gumstix.org/index.php/Buildroot Armadeus(ARMboardswithFPGA) http://www.armadeus.com CalaoSystems http://www.calaosystems.com/ Andprobablyalotmore!
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Buildrootconfiguration
Buildrootuses theKconfig configuration system Offersa menuconfiglike interface Savesthe configurationina .configfile
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Mainconfiguration
Targetarchitecture
arm,armeb,avr32,cris,i386,mips,mipsel,powerpc,superh, superh64,x86_64
Architecturevariant
ForARM,forexample:Generic,ARM7TDMI,ARM610,ARM710, ARM720T,ARM920T,Xscale,etc.
ABIselection
ForARM,EABIorOABI
Targetoptions Buildoptions
Hosttoolstouse,directorydefinition Installdocumentation?Debuggingsymbols?Strip?Levelofgcc optimization?
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Toolchainconfiguration
Buildrootcaneitherbuildatoolchain(limitedto uClibctoolchains)orreuseanexistingexternal toolchain(limitedtosysrootabletoolchains) InthecaseofatoolchainbuiltbyBuildroot,the configurationallowstoselectthingssuchas
Kernelheadersversion uClibcversionandconfiguration GCCversionandoptions(Fortran?C++? Java?ObjectiveC?) GDBversionandoptions (gdbserver,gdbonthetarget,crossgdbonthe host) Generaltoolchainoptions(largefilesupport, RPCsupport,IPv6support,localesupport,etc.)
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Packageselection(1/3)
Severalhundredsofpackagescanbeselected,withof courseafocusonpackagesusefulforembeddeddevices Dependenciesbetweenpackagesarehandled,either throughdependsonrelationorselectrelation. Mainpackages:busybox,bash,bzip2,diffutils,flex,native toolchain,grep,bootutils,cups,at,beecrypt,dash,file, gamin,less,lsof,ltrace,memstat,moduleinittools,procps, psmisc,screen,strace,sudo,syslogd,klogd,utillinux, which,etc. Corelibraries:libconfig,libconfuse,libdaemon,libelf, libevent,libgcrypt,libiconv,libidn,liblockfile,liboil,libsysfs, etc.
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Databases:MySQLclient,sqlite Texteditors:ed,nano,uemacs,vim Networking:argus,avahi,axel,boa,bind,bridgeutils, DHCPsupport,dnsmasq,dropbear,ethtool,haserl,ifplugd, iperf,iproute2,ipsectools,iptables,kismet,l2tp,lighttpd, linkns,lrzsz,mDNSresponder,miidiag,mrouted,nbd,ncftp, netcat,netkitbase,netkittelnet,netplug,netsnmp,nfsutils, ntp,openntpd,openssh,openssl,openvpn,portmap,pppd, pppoe,pptplinux,proftpd,quagga,isisd,samba,rsync, stunnel,tcpdump,tftpd,thttpd,vsftpd,wirelesstools,etc. Hardware/systemtools:dm,dmraid,e2fsprogs,fis,libfuse, hal,hdparm,hotplug,i2ctools,inputtools,iostat,libaio, libraw1394,libusb,lmsensors,lvm2,mdadm,mtdutils, pciutils,setserial,udev,usbutils,etc.
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Audio/video:aumix,flac,gstreamerwithplugins,libmad, libmpd,libogg,libtheora,libvorbis,madplay,mpg123,mplayer, speex,vlc,festival Graphiclibraries:ncurses,slang,dialog,DirectFB, imagemagick,jpeg,libpng,libungif,pixman,SDL,QT Embedded,Gtk(atk,cairo,pango,glib),fontconfig,Freetype, Matchbox,X.orgKdriveandafewXapplications(window managers,etc.) Compressor/decompressors Packagemanagers:ipkg,portage,rpm Interpreters,languages:lua,microperl,python,ruby,tcl,php Misc:XMLlibraries,Java,Games
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Filesystemandkernelconfiguration
Outputformatselectionfortherootfilesystem
cramfs,cloop,ext2,jffs2,ubifs,squashfs,tar,cpio,initramfs, romfs. Ofcourse,therawrootfilesystemisalsoavailable
Bootloaderconfiguration
UBootsupported
Kernelconfiguration
Theversion,configuration,additionalpatchesandthekernel binaryformat(uImage,zImage,bzImage)canbespecified
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Demotime!
BuildingasystemwithBusybox,DirectFBand exampleapplications
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Directoryhierarchy
Inthesources
docs/,documentation package/,theconfigurationitemsandMakefilesforbuildingthe userspacepackages project/,theconfigurationitemsandMakefilesfortheproject concept(severalprojectsinthesameBuildroottree) scripts/variousutilities target/linux/,buildingtheLinuxkernel target/<fstype>/,generatingtherootfilesystemimage target/device/,readymadeconfigurationforsupportedboards target/generic/target_skeleton/,thedefaultroot filesystemskeleton toolchain/,buildingacrosscompilingtoolchain
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UsingBuildrootinanutshell
Downloadthelateststableversion,orgetadevelopment versionfromtheSVN(bettertoreportissues) makemenuconfig make Getyourrawrootfilesystemin project_build_ARCH/PROJECT/root/ Getyourrootfilesystemimageandkernelimagein binaries/PROJECT/ Locationofoutputdirectoriescanbechangedusing O=/path/to
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Generateddirectories
build_ARCH
Onedirectoryforeachpackage,whereithasbeenconfigured andbuilt staging_dir,wherethetoolchainandpackagesare installed,andwherenonstrippedversionsofthe binaries/librariescanbefound
project_build_ARCH/PROJECT
autotools_stamps,stampsforhandlingdependencies betweenbuildsteps buildrootconfig,headerfilesrelatedtoBuildroot configurationmechanism root,therootfilesystemforthetarget
toolchain_build_ARCH
Wherethetoolchaincomponentsareconfiguredandbuilt
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Buildroot:addingnewpackages
Createanewdirectory,forexamplepackage/gqview/ AddaConfig.infileinthisdirectorytodescribethe configurationoptions
configBR2_PACKAGE_GQVIEW bool"gqview" selectBR2_PACKAGE_PKGCONFIG help GQviewisanimageviewerforUnix operatingsystems http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/gqview
InsertthenewConfig.infileintheconfigurationsystem byaddingtopackage/Config.in source"package/gqview/Config.in"

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Buildroot:addingnewpackages(2)
Createthegqview.mkfiletodescribethebuildsteps.The followingexampleusestheMakefile.autotools.in machinery,whichmakesiteasytosupportautotoolsbased packages
GQVIEW_VERSION=2.1.5 GQVIEW_SOURCE=gqview$(GQVIEW_VERSION).tar.gz GQVIEW_SITE=http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/gqview GQVIEW_AUTORECONF=NO GQVIEW_INSTALL_STAGING=NO GQVIEW_INSTALL_TARGET=YES GQVIEW_DEPENDENCIES=uclibcpkgconfiglibgtk2 $(eval$(callAUTOTARGETS,package,gqview))
Patchescanalsobeaddedinthepackagedirectory,withfilenames likepkgnameversionfeature.patch.Theywillbe automaticallyappliedbeforeconfiguringthepackage.

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Packagesnotbasedonautotools,orneedingspecific configuration,compilationandinstallationstepscanbe handledmanually.
GZIP_VERSION:=1.3.12 GZIP_SOURCE:=gzip$(GZIP_VERSION).tar.gz GZIP_SITE:=$(BR2_GNU_MIRROR)/gzip GZIP_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/gzip$(GZIP_VERSION) GZIP_CAT:=$(ZCAT) GZIP_BINARY:=$(GZIP_DIR)/gzip GZIP_TARGET_BINARY:=$(TARGET_DIR)/bin/zmore $(DL_DIR)/$(GZIP_SOURCE): $(callDOWNLOAD,$(GZIP_SITE),$(GZIP_SOURCE)) gzipsource:$(DL_DIR)/$(GZIP_SOURCE) $(GZIP_DIR)/.unpacked:$(DL_DIR)/$(GZIP_SOURCE) $(GZIP_CAT)$(DL_DIR)/$(GZIP_SOURCE)|\ tarC$(BUILD_DIR)$(TAR_OPTIONS) touch$(GZIP_DIR)/.unpacked
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$(GZIP_DIR)/.configured:$(GZIP_DIR)/.unpacked (cd$(GZIP_DIR);rmrfconfig.cache;\ $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS)\ $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_ARGS)\ ./configure\ target=$(GNU_TARGET_NAME)\ host=$(GNU_TARGET_NAME)\ build=$(GNU_HOST_NAME)\ prefix=/usr\ execprefix=/\ $(DISABLE_NLS)\ $(DISABLE_LARGEFILE)\ ) touch$(GZIP_DIR)/.configured $(GZIP_BINARY):$(GZIP_DIR)/.configured $(MAKE)CC=$(TARGET_CC)C$(GZIP_DIR)
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$(GZIP_TARGET_BINARY):$(GZIP_BINARY) $(MAKE)DESTDIR=$(TARGET_DIR)CC=$(TARGET_CC)\ C$(GZIP_DIR)installstrip ifneq($(BR2_HAVE_INFOPAGES),y) rmrf$(TARGET_DIR)/usr/share/info endif ifneq($(BR2_HAVE_MANPAGES),y) rmrf$(TARGET_DIR)/usr/share/man endif gzip:uclibc$(GZIP_TARGET_BINARY) gzipclean: $(MAKE)DESTDIR=$(TARGET_DIR)CC=$(TARGET_CC)\ C$(GZIP_DIR)uninstall $(MAKE)C$(GZIP_DIR)clean gzipdirclean: rmrf$(GZIP_DIR) ifeq($(BR2_PACKAGE_GZIP),y) TARGETS+=gzip endif
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Futurework
Cleanup
Theprojecthasbeenunmaintainedforsometime,sosome cleanupisneeded
Morepackages
Ofcourse!
Bettersupportforexternaltoolchains
Includingglibctoolchains
$YOURIDEA
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Feedbackandcommunity
Buildrootisorganizedlikeatypicalfreesoftwarecommunity, itisnottrustedbyanycompany,eventhoughsomeofthe developersareobviouslyprofessionals
Mailinglist,athttp://lists.busybox.net/mailman/listinfo/buildroot
Veryhelpfulsupport!
Bugtrackerathttps://bugs.uclibc.org/ Subversionrepositoryatsvn://uclibc.org/trunk/buildroot Documentationathttp://www.buildroot.net/buildroot.html
Feelfreetotest,reportandcontribute!
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Alternatives
VerysimilartoBuildroot PTXdist,developedbyPengutronix http://www.pengutronix.de/software/ptxdist/index_en.html LTIB,developedmainlybyFreescale. GoodsupportforFreescaleboards http://www.bitshrine.org/ Slightlydifferentapproaches OpenEmbedded,moreflexiblebutalsofarmorecomplicated http://www.openembedded.org GentooEmbedded http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/base/embedded/handbook/ Let'sdiscussthese,otheralternatives,theiradvantages,drawbacks, andfutureworkinaBOFsessiononWednesdayat1PM
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Relateddocuments
Allourtechnicalpresentations onhttp://freeelectrons.com/docs Linuxkernel Devicedrivers Architecturespecifics EmbeddedLinuxsystemdevelopment

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EmbeddedLinuxTraining

Building embeddedLinux systemswith Buildroot

Intheory,thesystemdesignersand developershavealotofflexibilitythanksto freesoftware However,leveragingtheexistingfree softwarepackagesmaynotbeveryeasy.

InsertthenewConfig.infileintheconfigurationsystem byaddingtopackage/Config.in source"package/gqview/Config.in"

Patchescanalsobeaddedinthepackagedirectory,withfilenames likepkgnameversionfeature.patch.Theywillbe automaticallyappliedbeforeconfiguringthepackage.

Bugtrackerathttps://bugs.uclibc.org/ Subversionrepositoryatsvn://uclibc.org/trunk/buildroot Documentationathttp://www.buildroot.net/buildroot.html

Allourtechnicalpresentations onhttp://freeelectrons.com/docs Linuxkernel Devicedrivers Architecturespecifics EmbeddedLinuxsystemdevelopment

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